Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第10页

Development of improved higher-order correction for the NIF opacity spectrometer. 为 NIF 不透明度光谱仪开发改进型高阶校正。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219317

B A Hobbs, D C Mayes, R F Heeter, P A Bradley, E C Dutra, C J Fontes, E Gallardo-Diaz, M Hohenberger, H M Johns, Y P Opachich, H F Robey, S Stoupin, M S Wallace, L G Webster, M H Montgomery, T S Perry, D E Winget

{"title":"Development of improved higher-order correction for the NIF opacity spectrometer.","authors":"B A Hobbs, D C Mayes, R F Heeter, P A Bradley, E C Dutra, C J Fontes, E Gallardo-Diaz, M Hohenberger, H M Johns, Y P Opachich, H F Robey, S Stoupin, M S Wallace, L G Webster, M H Montgomery, T S Perry, D E Winget","doi":"10.1063/5.0219317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219317","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray opacity measurements on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are in the process of reproducing earlier measurements from the Sandia Z Facility, in particular for oxygen and iron plasmas. These measurements have the potential to revise our understanding of the \"solar problem\" and of the hot degenerate Q class white dwarf structure by probing plasma conditions near the base of their convection zones. Accurate opacity measurements using soft x-ray Bragg crystal spectrometers require correction for higher-order diffraction effects. Extending prior work in this area [Dutra et al., Review of Scientific Instruments 93, 113527 (2022)], we have developed a new method to remove higher-order spectral components from NIF opacity spectrometer data. By modeling absorption and backlighting continuum spectra and subtracting the second- and third-order components from the measured data, we are able to perform this correction while avoiding imprinting first-order model line features onto the data.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The CXSFIT spectral fitting code: Past, present and future. CXSFIT 光谱拟合代码：过去、现在和未来

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219427

E Delabie, M G O'Mullane, M von Hellermann, A Whiteford, L D Horton, K D Zastrow, S Menmuir, E Litherland-Smith, A Meigs, T M Biewer

{"title":"The CXSFIT spectral fitting code: Past, present and future.","authors":"E Delabie, M G O'Mullane, M von Hellermann, A Whiteford, L D Horton, K D Zastrow, S Menmuir, E Litherland-Smith, A Meigs, T M Biewer","doi":"10.1063/5.0219427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219427","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetically confined plasma experiments generate a wealth of spectroscopic data. The first step toward extracting physical parameters is to fit a spectral model to the often complex spectra. The CXSFIT (Charge eXchange Spectroscopy FITting) spectral fitting code was originally developed for fitting charge exchange spectra on JET from the late 1980s onward and has been further developed over decades to keep up with the needs of the users. The primary use is to efficiently fit a large number of spectra with many constrained Gaussian spectral lines of which the physical parameters can be coupled in a user-friendly manner. More recent additions to the code include time-dependent couplings between parameters, flexible background subtraction, and a non-linear coupling scheme between fit parameters. The latter was a pre-requisite for implementing Zeeman and motional Stark effect multiplets in the library of spectral features. The ability to save and replay \"fit recipes,\" even when multiple iterations are required, has ensured the traceability of the results and is one of the keys to the longevity and success of the code. The code is also in use on other tokamaks (AUG, ST-40) and to fit data from other spectroscopic diagnostics on JET. In this paper, we document the current capabilities and philosophy behind the structure of the code, including some of the algorithms used to calculate spectral features numerically efficiently. We also provide an outline of how CXSFIT could be transferred into a framework that would be able to meet the spectral fitting requirements of future devices, such as ITER.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of plasma parameters and neutral particles in microwave and radio frequency discharges in the Toroidal Magnetized System. 环形磁化系统中微波和射频放电的等离子体参数和中性粒子的特征。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219487

D López-Rodríguez, K Crombé, A Goriaev, J Buermans, A Adriaens, Yu Kovtun, L Dittrich, P Petersson, T Wauters, S Brezinsek

引用次数: 0

Statistical data analysis of x-ray spectroscopy data enabled by neural network accelerated Bayesian inference. 利用神经网络加速贝叶斯推理对 X 射线光谱数据进行统计数据分析。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219464

M J MacDonald, B A Hammel, B Bachmann, M Bitter, P Efthimion, J A Gaffney, L Gao, B D Hammel, K W Hill, B F Kraus, A G MacPhee, L Peterson, M B Schneider, H A Scott, D B Thorn, C B Yeamans

{"title":"Statistical data analysis of x-ray spectroscopy data enabled by neural network accelerated Bayesian inference.","authors":"M J MacDonald, B A Hammel, B Bachmann, M Bitter, P Efthimion, J A Gaffney, L Gao, B D Hammel, K W Hill, B F Kraus, A G MacPhee, L Peterson, M B Schneider, H A Scott, D B Thorn, C B Yeamans","doi":"10.1063/5.0219464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219464","url":null,"abstract":"Bayesian inference applied to x-ray spectroscopy data analysis enables uncertainty quantification necessary to rigorously test theoretical models. However, when comparing to data, detailed atomic physics and radiation transfer calculations of x-ray emission from non-uniform plasma conditions are typically too slow to be performed in line with statistical sampling methods, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. Furthermore, differences in transition energies and x-ray opacities often make direct comparisons between simulated and measured spectra unreliable. We present a spectral decomposition method that allows for corrections to line positions and bound-bound opacities to best fit experimental data, with the goal of providing quantitative feedback to improve the underlying theoretical models and guide future experiments. In this work, we use a neural network (NN) surrogate model to replace spectral calculations of isobaric hot-spots created in Kr-doped implosions at the National Ignition Facility. The NN was trained on calculations of x-ray spectra using an isobaric hot-spot model post-processed with Cretin, a multi-species atomic kinetics and radiation code. The speedup provided by the NN model to generate x-ray emission spectra enables statistical analysis of parameterized models with sufficient detail to accurately represent the physical system and extract the plasma parameters of interest.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 100 GW, 100 ps solid-state pulsed power system based on semiconductor opening switch generator and magnetic compression lines. 基于半导体开路开关发电机和磁压缩线的 100 GW、100 ps 固态脉冲功率系统。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209990

V E Patrakov, M S Pedos, A V Ponomarev, S N Rukin, S P Timoshenkov

{"title":"A 100 GW, 100 ps solid-state pulsed power system based on semiconductor opening switch generator and magnetic compression lines.","authors":"V E Patrakov, M S Pedos, A V Ponomarev, S N Rukin, S P Timoshenkov","doi":"10.1063/5.0209990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209990","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the SOS + MCL approach (SOS-generator with output Semiconductor Opening Switch; MCL-Magnetic Compression Line), a high-power solid-state picosecond system has been developed. The SOS generator forms an initial pulse with a power of 8.5 GW (0.65 MV at a load of 50 Ω) and a duration of 7 ns, which is fed to the input of a magnetic compressor containing 4 lines MCL1-MCL4 connected in series. Structurally, each MCL is a coaxial line and contains ferrite rings placed on its inner conductor and magnetized by an external longitudinal magnetic field. The lines are filled with transformer oil at excess pressure. Each line compresses the pulse in time and increases its peak power. At the output of the last line, MCL4, the peak power increases to 100 GW (2.2 MV at 48 Ω load), and its duration decreases to 100 ps. Record high values of rise rates for voltage, current, and power have been achieved. At a 48 Ω load, the voltage rise rate reaches 27 MV/ns, and the power rise rate reaches 2 TW/ns. In a line with an impedance of 7 Ω, a current pulse with an amplitude of 100 kA and a rise rate of 1.18 MA/ns was obtained. It has been established that the duration of the pulse (full width at half maximum) generated in MCLs corresponds to the double transit time of an electromagnetic wave between the electrodes of the line in the transverse direction. Numerical models have been developed to study the operation of MCLs. Using the models, the internal structure of the process of power amplification in the line was studied, and an assessment was made on the influence of the processes of gyromagnetic precession on the operation of the lines.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of base-isolated structures in mitigating underground blast-induced ground motion effects: A parametric study. 基础隔震结构在减轻地下爆炸引起的地动效应方面的性能分析：参数研究。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0224199

Rajkumar D, Ravi Sankar V, Sankarnarayanan R

{"title":"Performance analysis of base-isolated structures in mitigating underground blast-induced ground motion effects: A parametric study.","authors":"Rajkumar D, Ravi Sankar V, Sankarnarayanan R","doi":"10.1063/5.0224199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0224199","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into mitigating ground motion induced by underground blasts on superstructures. A parametric analysis is conducted to assess the performance of base isolated structures under different blast scenarios. The analysis is conducted using Newmark's time step integration method, and the absolute acceleration of the structure and displacement of the isolator bearing are calculated to evaluate the response. Results demonstrate the significant effectiveness of base isolation in reducing blast-induced vibrations. The parameters of the base isolator, including damping ratio and time period, are systematically varied to understand their impact on the response. Key findings include the significant influence of the ground medium on both fixed base and base isolated superstructures, with soil-rock interface locations reducing floor acceleration under various blast load intensities. The N-Z bearing system is shown to effectively reduce the dynamic response in both rock and soil media. This study recommends specific combinations of ground medium and site location for optimal protection against blast threats. Ultimately, this study facilitates a better understanding of the dynamic interaction between underground blasts and superstructures, paving the way for more effective blast-resistant structural designs.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subharmonic lock-in detection and its optimization for femtosecond noise correlation spectroscopy. 用于飞秒噪声相关光谱学的次谐波锁定检测及其优化。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208499

M A Weiss, F S Herbst, S Eggert, M Nakajima, A Leitenstorfer, S T B Goennenwein, T Kurihara

引用次数: 0

A compact ion source combining electron-impact and thermal ionization for multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 用于多次反射飞行时间质谱分析的电子撞击和热电离相结合的紧凑型离子源。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213443

Jiajun Yu, Ali Mollaebrahimi, Samuel Ayet San Andrés, Timo Dickel, Wolfgang R Plaß, Heinrich Wilsenach, Sönke Beck, Zhuang Ge, Hans Geissel, Christine Hornung, Andrew Jacobs, Gabriella Kripko-Koncz, Anna A Kwiatkowski, Meetika Narang, Christoph Scheidenberger, Jaden Sequeira, Coulter Walls

{"title":"A compact ion source combining electron-impact and thermal ionization for multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry.","authors":"Jiajun Yu, Ali Mollaebrahimi, Samuel Ayet San Andrés, Timo Dickel, Wolfgang R Plaß, Heinrich Wilsenach, Sönke Beck, Zhuang Ge, Hans Geissel, Christine Hornung, Andrew Jacobs, Gabriella Kripko-Koncz, Anna A Kwiatkowski, Meetika Narang, Christoph Scheidenberger, Jaden Sequeira, Coulter Walls","doi":"10.1063/5.0213443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0213443","url":null,"abstract":"A compact ion source combining electron impact and thermal ionization has been developed and commissioned in two Multiple-Reflection Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) setups at the Fragment Separator Ion Catcher at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany, and at TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science at TRIUMF Canada's particle accelerator center, Vancouver, Canada. The ion source is notable for its compact dimensions of 50 mm in height and 68 mm in diameter. The ion source is currently in daily operation at both facilities. Design, simulations, and results of combining ions from thermal and electron-impact ionization of different gases (perfluoropropane and sulfur hexafluoride) are presented in this work. The systematic effects of heating power on the thermal source were studied in detail. The source has demonstrated stable and long-term production of reference ions over a wide mass range for the MR-TOF-MS. This versatile ion source has also been used to optimize and investigate the transport of ions with different chemical reactivity and ionization potentials.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and characteristics of a fiber laser powered repetitive micro-plasma jet triggered gas switch. 光纤激光器驱动的重复微等离子体射流触发气体开关的设计与特性。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223370

Sitong Tian, Li Chen, Haojie Cao, Xiaoqian Zhang

{"title":"Design and characteristics of a fiber laser powered repetitive micro-plasma jet triggered gas switch.","authors":"Sitong Tian, Li Chen, Haojie Cao, Xiaoqian Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0223370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223370","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the need for low jitter in gas switches at repetition rate and enhance insulation reliability during high voltage operation of the trigger, we propose a micro-jet triggering system. This system requires less energy and can use a laser power supply as an energy source. It effectively improves the insulation stability of the trigger when working at high potentials and achieves a good triggering effect with low jitter at low working coefficients. The breakdown characteristics were tested by double-pulse experiments. Ensuring the same operating conditions for both pulses, the pulse interval was varied to obtain the breakdown voltage dispersion at different repetition rates. The results indicate that the dispersion of the breakdown voltages can reach 0.16% at a frequency of 50 Hz with a pulse front of 30 μs, representing an order of magnitude reduction compared to the 1.45% at switching self-breakdown, and decreases further as the air pressure rises. In addition, the size of the microcapillary has an impact on the dispersion of breakdown voltage. It was found that for a range of lengths from 2 to 6 mm and aperture sizes from 80 to 400 μm, the trigger jitter was lower when the length was larger and the aperture was smaller. Furthermore, a trigger life test was performed on the ceramic capillary, and after one million triggers, the system remained stable with no degradation in trigger performance.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and study of the shape parameters for the electrode plates of the electron gun in the four-dimensional transmission electron microscope. 四维透射电子显微镜中电子枪电极板形状参数的设计与研究。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215794

He Chen, Quanlin Dong, Zhongwen Li

引用次数: 0