Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

{"title":"35 T water-cooled magnet scanning tunneling microscope for in-plane magnetic field measurement.","authors":"Dan Wu, Jihao Wang, Shuai Dong, Zihao Li, Rong Liang, Aile Wang, Min Zhang, Jing Zhang, Qiyuan Feng, Wenjie Meng, Yubin Hou, Qingyou Lu","doi":"10.1063/5.0266265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0266265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manipulating the direction of the magnetic field can induce various intriguing physical phenomena, such as the regulation of nematic phase and disappearance of the charge density wave. Conventional superconducting magnet-based scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) operate with a perpendicular magnetic field direction to the sample surface, limiting their ability to investigate anisotropy of materials. Some STMs are integrated into vector magnets to achieve in-plane magnetic field conditions; however, these setups typically offer a maximum lateral magnetic field strength of less than 5 T, which is far below the critical magnetic field required for many materials. To explore the anisotropy of materials under in-plane magnetic fields exceeding 20 T, a new STM with small lateral tip-sample junction, which is capable of working in huge vibrational water-cooled magnets, is required. This paper presents an innovative design of such a small lateral size featured STM that is capable of operating under 35 T in-plane magnetic field conditions. The proposed STM utilizes an improved spider drive to drive the tip move in oblique upward direction, with the component of tip motion on the lateral direction being one-fifth of the vertical direction. With the novel design, the lateral size of the STM head is minimized to as small as 15 mm. The high rigidity of an independent scanner is proved by the high eigenfrequencies obtained through finite element analysis. The excellent imaging ability of our new STM are demonstrated by the high-quality atomic images of graphite and NbSe2 acquired under in-plane magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 35 T, illustrating the new STM's high immunity to the magnetic field conditions. As far as known, this is the first STM capable of atomic imaging at magnetic field up to 35 T and capable of working at both 300 and 1.7 K low temperature; this is also the first water-cooled magnet STM capable of atomic imaging under 35 T magnetic field and huge vibrational conditions. Using this STM, we expect to investigate novel physical phenomena occurring under high in-plane magnetic fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and upgrades of the TCV fast ion loss detector.","authors":"J Poley-Sanjuán, A Clément, A Fasoli, A N Karpushov, A Jansen Van Vuuren, B P Duval, M Toussaint, M Vallar, P Lavanchy, Y Andrebe","doi":"10.1063/5.0266542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0266542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tokamak à Configuration Variable has a unique Fast Ion Loss Detector (FILD) that allows the simultaneous measurement of co- and counter-current fast-ion losses in forward or reverse magnetic field. Recently, multiple novel upgrades have been implemented that further extended its capabilities. The optical system throughput was improved by adding anti-reflective coatings to the internal components, in direct view of the camera, and installing a low wavelength filter to reduce unwanted stray light. The mechanical rigidity was increased by adding additional contact points closer to the heat shield, which significantly reduced the system vibration amplitude during operation. The entrance slit pinholes were reduced from 1 to 0.8 mm, obtaining an energy resolution improvement of over 40% for only an ∼20% signal level decrease. Finally, a rotary system now permits the FILD head angle to be scanned from ±30° on a shot-to-shot basis. These upgrades, described herein, greatly increase the functionality of the FILD diagnostic.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optics for broadband x-ray ptychography.","authors":"Wiebe Stolp, Silvia Cipiccia, Darren Batey, Matthieu N Boone","doi":"10.1063/5.0274044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0274044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In conventional x-ray ptychography, diffraction data are collected by scanning a sample through a monochromatic and spatially coherent x-ray beam. A high-resolution image is then retrieved using an iterative algorithm. Combined with a scan of the incident photon energy, it is also possible to access chemical and elemental information. Although powerful, the high brilliance required currently constrains the method to third and fourth generation synchrotron sources and long scanning times. An alternative approach is to use broadband illumination in combination with an energy resolving detector. These detectors record the data in a series of energy channels simultaneously, creating stacks of coherent data suitable for a ptychographic reconstruction. This approach promises to unlock the full power of the radiation source and provide spectral imaging at a higher rate and in a single acquisition. However, these detectors currently saturate well below reaching the flux rates produced at synchrotrons, which is preventing the uptake of this approach. Furthermore, current monochromatic synchrotron setups typically employ Fresnel zone plates for pre-sample focusing due to their stability, flexibility, and affordability, but these diffractive optics limit the spectral bandwidth that the setup can accept. In this article, we analyze the problem and consider alternative optics that can both maximize the total photon detection rates and broaden the tolerable bandwidth. Broadband x-ray ptychography has the potential to dramatically reduce data collection times at synchrotron sources but also to harness the full power of lower brilliance sources and transition x-ray ptychography into a laboratory technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused light birefringence for three-dimensional observation of dislocations in silicon carbide wafers.","authors":"Masashi Kato, Hisaya Sato, Tomohisa Kato, Koichi Murata, Shunta Harada","doi":"10.1063/5.0184548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0184548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a novel method known as focused light birefringence for the three-dimensional observation of dislocations in silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. Dislocations in SiC wafers can adversely affect device performance and production yield, which necessitates their characterization. The existing methods for observing dislocations have some limitations such as sample destruction and the need for sophisticated x-ray facilities. The proposed method utilizes birefringence observations with focused light, which enables the detection of three-dimensional dislocations in SiC substrates and epilayers using a continuous-wave laser and objective lens. The results of experiments showed the successful observation of contrasts representing stress fields around dislocations in freestanding SiC epilayers. In addition, the method allowed the detection of dislocations with conversion structures from basal-plane to threading-edge dislocations, as well as those with threading from the epilayer into the substrate in a 10 μm thick epilayer sample. Compared to other methods, the focused light birefringence method offers advantages such as non-destructiveness and applicability to both SiC substrates and epilayers. The proposed method is effective for the three-dimensional observation of dislocations in SiC wafers and makes it possible to better understand the effect of such dislocations on device performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tunable dielectric-loaded copper resonator for axion searches at 11 GHz.","authors":"R Di Vora, A Gardikiotis, C Braggio, G Carugno, A Lombardi, A Ortolan, G Ruoso","doi":"10.1063/5.0244016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of axion searches with haloscopes, tunable cavity resonators with high quality factor and high effective volume at frequencies above about 8 GHz are central for probing the axion-photon coupling with the required sensitivity to reach the quantum chromodynamics axion models. Higher order modes in dielectric-loaded cavities allow for higher effective volumes and larger quality factors compared to basic cylindrical cavities, but a proper cavity frequency tuning mechanism to probe broad axion mass ranges is not yet available. In this work, we report about the design and construction of a tunable prototype of a single-shell dielectric-boosted resonator with its axion-sensitive pseudo-TM030 high-order mode at about 11 GHz frequency. A clamshell tuning method previously tested for empty cylindrical resonators has been perfected for this geometry through simulations and in situ tests conducted at cryogenic temperature. Tuning is accomplished in a range of about 2% of the central frequency, without significantly impacting the unloaded quality factor of about 175 000. The experimental results presented in this work demonstrate the tunability of this type of resonator, definitely confirming its applicability to high frequency axion searches.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and verification of a piezoelectric-driven locking and handover mechanism for space-based gravitational wave detection.","authors":"Yiyan Xu, Wei Wang, Chao Xue, Jinxiu Zhang, Yanwei Ding, Shengping Huang","doi":"10.1063/5.0267382","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0267382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Space inertial sensors, comprising a test mass and its surrounding framework, are pivotal for high-precision gravitational wave detection. The precise locking and handover of the test mass are crucial, particularly during launch and orbital insertion phases. Given the necessity for ultra-stable locking mechanisms in space inertial sensors to ensure mission success, this paper presents a novel locking and handover mechanism driven by a rotating piezoelectric motor and lead screw. This mechanism ensures stable support and accurate handover of the test mass. Finite element simulations were performed to evaluate the static performance and modal response of the mechanism, confirming its stability under a preload of 1200 N and its ability to avoid resonance with rocket launch frequencies. A testing platform was constructed to validate the performance of the design. Experimental results demonstrate a maximum locking force of 1313.3 ± 3.1 N, a typical force resolution of 15.4 ± 3.6 N, a movement range of 10.0 ± 0.7 mm, and a typical displacement resolution of 1.7 ± 0.8 μm. Both simulation and experimental outcomes indicate that this design successfully integrates high preload locking with precise force and displacement control. This work represents a significant advancement in space mechanism design by combining high preload stability with micrometer-level precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ calibration of charge exchange spectroscopy and measurements of absolute density profiles in the plasma with high boron concentration.","authors":"M Yoshinuma, K Ida, M Goto, T Kawate, Y Kawamoto, N Tamura, S Masuzaki, H Noto, S Takayama, M Osakabe","doi":"10.1063/5.0270966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0270966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A boron charge exchange spectroscopy system has been applied to measure the radial profiles of absolute boron density. The in situ calibration of charge exchange spectroscopy was performed using the boron pellet in a Large Helical Device. The calibration factor was derived by comparing the increment of boron density measured with a charge exchange spectroscopy system by the increment of electron density measured with a YAG Thomson scattering system. The radial profiles of absolute boron density are derived for the plasma using boron pellets, tracer-encapsulated solid pellets (TESPEL), and boron impurity power drops (IPD). By using boron pellets, TESPEL, and IPD, the boron concentration (nB/ne) was controlled in the wide range from 4% to 17%. The radial profiles of boron are peaked in the core for the boron pellet and TESPEL discharge, while they are slightly hollow for the boron IPD plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of flow characteristics and interfacial evolution in the evaporative thin film region of aqueous solutions under reduced pressure.","authors":"Leping Zhou, Yongxin Liu, Xinming Xi, Xiaoze Du","doi":"10.1063/5.0234215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0234215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, the internal flow characteristics and interfacial profile evolution of the thin liquid film region of aqueous solutions of ethanol and hexanol, which were compared with those of deionized water, were observed by employing a nanoparticle image velocimetry technique during evaporation under reduced pressure. It was observed that for both solutions, the film thickness shows two stages of decrease with time. The critical thicknesses that represent the transition of these two stages were then obtained. The change in critical thickness of the aqueous solution of ethanol is more sensitive to the low-pressure condition, while the aqueous solution of hexanol is less affected by the low pressures. The depinning time, critical thickness, and film thickness decline rate of these liquids showed an approximately exponential relationship with the absolute pressure. Finally, correlations between the logarithmic values of the relevant parameters and the absolute pressure were obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A platform for high-bandwidth nanopore sensing with thermal control and low electrical noise.","authors":"Dmytro Lomovtsev, Liqun He, Matthew Waugh, Raphael St-Gelais, Vincent Tabard-Cossa","doi":"10.1063/5.0252569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present an instrument capable of performing high-bandwidth (1 MHz) solid-state nanopore measurements in a temperature-controlled environment ranging from ambient to 95 °C while maintaining low electrical noise. In previous systems, the ability to control the temperature of the analyte solution during nanopore sensing has come at the expense of significantly greater electrical noise. As a consequence, increased filtering requirements or, equivalently, reduced bandwidths ultimately decrease the utility of such instruments for biosensing applications. Here, we describe in detail the system we have developed that overcomes these difficulties. In particular, we are able to precisely control the temperature of the solution in which a nanopore sensor is immersed by using a closed-loop fluidics system. The ultra-low electrical conductivity heat transfer fluid is used to bring heat from outside of the Faraday cage to the nanopore sensor within the cage, resulting in minimal electrical noise during high-bandwidth measurements while maintaining localized temperature control. As proof-of-concept, we characterize silicon nitride nanopore stability over time at elevated temperatures using electrical measurements and present single-molecule data showing the impact of temperature on capture rate, dwell time, and blockage depth. This tool can unlock the ability to perform a wide range of temperature-sensitive biophysical experiments with solid-state nanopores.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of wide angle polarized 3He cells in China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS).","authors":"Jian Tang, Yuan Yao, Zecong Qin, Junsong Xie, Long Tian, Qingbo Zheng, Yujie Zheng, Han Gao, Xu Qin, Matthew Musgrave, Bao Yuan, Biao Tan, Junpei Zhang, Tianhao Wang, Xin Tong","doi":"10.1063/5.0284199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0284199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of ongoing upgrade efforts in the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the neutron polarization team has been actively working on the fabrication procedure of 3He-based neutron spin filters having large angle coverage. We report substantial success in blowing and filling the first wide-angle 3He glass cells in China. The contained 3He gas is polarized on our off-situ spin-exchange optical pumping system. The polarization signals of 3He are measured via the free induction decay and the electron paramagnetic resonance techniques. The best measured lifetime and polarization are 236.3 ± 2.5 h and 65%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}