Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第10页

Design and performance characterization of a multi-chamber, liquid-cooled lighting incubator for high-throughput photobiological research. 用于高通量光生物学研究的多室液冷照明培养箱的设计和性能表征。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0319726

Longfei Huo, Xiaojing Miao, Yi Ren, Xiaolin Zhang, Jing Tian, Qiqi Fu, Muqing Liu

{"title":"Design and performance characterization of a multi-chamber, liquid-cooled lighting incubator for high-throughput photobiological research.","authors":"Longfei Huo, Xiaojing Miao, Yi Ren, Xiaolin Zhang, Jing Tian, Qiqi Fu, Muqing Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0319726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0319726","url":null,"abstract":"Precise and independent control of illumination and temperature is essential for photobiological experiments and mammalian cell culture. To overcome the limited throughput and thermal instability of existing lighting incubators, we developed a high-throughput lighting incubator comprising eight independently controlled light-exposure chambers within a shared physiological environment. The integration of high-density LED arrays in such a confined architecture, however, leads to severe heat accumulation, making it difficult to maintain the required 37 °C operating condition. Here, we report the design, optimization, and experimental validation of an active liquid-cooling thermal management system tailored for this multi-chamber instrument platform. Guided by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations, a serpentine liquid cooling plate was optimized and implemented to replace conventional passive fin heat sinks, which were found to cause substrate temperatures exceeding 45 °C under high-power operation. The assembled instrument, coupled with an industrial chiller for precise coolant temperature control, was systematically characterized. Experimental results demonstrate that the chamber temperature can be stably maintained at 37 ± 0.5 °C under continuous high-power illumination, with minimal inter-chamber variation over long-term operation. This instrument provides a robust and reproducible platform for high-throughput photobiological experiments requiring strict thermal stability and independent multi-parameter optical control.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A side-coupled microwave applicator supporting azimuthally symmetric modes with metal stirrer for liquid-phase reactions. 用于液相反应的带金属搅拌器的支持方位角对称模式的侧耦合微波施加器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0293443

Hung-Chun Hsu, Hsien-Wen Chao, Tsun-Hsu Chang

{"title":"A side-coupled microwave applicator supporting azimuthally symmetric modes with metal stirrer for liquid-phase reactions.","authors":"Hung-Chun Hsu, Hsien-Wen Chao, Tsun-Hsu Chang","doi":"10.1063/5.0293443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293443","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a side-coupled cylindrical microwave applicator operating in the 2.45 GHz TE011 mode, integrated with a mechanical stirrer for uniform heating. The design was optimized (radius: 90 mm, height: 145 mm) and evaluated using HFSS simulations to examine geometric, dielectric, and coupling effects. TE011-mode excitation remained stable under high-loss loading and was only achieved via vertical waveguide injection. The metallic stirrer caused no measurable perturbation, with resonance frequency and -10 dB bandwidth remaining consistent across 0°-45° blade orientations. Resonance frequency shifted >50 MHz with ±10 mm surface-height changes but was largely insensitive to submersion depth. Experimental validation used a catalyst-free esterification of oleic acid and glycerol (760 ml) at 200 °C and 160 Torr. The microwave system achieved a significantly faster reduction in acid index (AI%) than mantle heating, demonstrating rapid thermal delivery and supporting better energy efficiency under matched thermal profiles. To enhance scalability, a next-generation applicator was developed with bottom waveguide injection and an integrated air buffer. This design preserved TE011-mode excitation across 10-160 mm sample heights and supported stable operation over a broad dielectric range, with S11 < -15 dB and resonance shifts within ±10 MHz. These results establish a robust platform for efficient, solvent-adaptive microwave-assisted chemical processing.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calibration of Stokes polarimeters with liquid-crystal variable retarders using the measured intensities. 用测量强度校正液晶可变缓速器斯托克斯偏振计。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0300903

Luis Muñoz-Flores, Neil C Bruce

引用次数: 0

Inversion method based on generalized plane wave spectrum in terahertz computed tomography. 太赫兹计算机断层扫描中基于广义平面波谱的反演方法。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0315565

Tianqi Feng, Chengyong Yu, Yu Shi, Hu Zheng, En Li, Dakun Lai

{"title":"Inversion method based on generalized plane wave spectrum in terahertz computed tomography.","authors":"Tianqi Feng, Chengyong Yu, Yu Shi, Hu Zheng, En Li, Dakun Lai","doi":"10.1063/5.0315565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0315565","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz computed tomography (THz-CT) is a popular technique for nondestructive testing. Traditional methods of THz-CT originated from x-ray CT (X-CT), and both are based on the Radon transform. However, those methods only consider the rays propagating along straight lines but neglect the scattering behavior of terahertz waves-particularly refraction and corner scattering, which may result in poor reconstructions. At present, existing research has primarily focused on refractive behavior, but the impact of corner scattering on THz-CT cannot be ignored. This paper proposes an inversion method based on the generalized plane wave spectrum, and it can account for the corner scattering characteristics of layer structures that consist of (semi-)infinite layers. Considering the field differences arising from an ideal plane wave used in theoretical analysis vs a Gaussian beam employed in experiments, this paper proposes a field correction that effectively minimizes the discrepancies between these two conditions. To validate the proposed inversion method, a corner scattering field test system was designed and constructed. This paper prepared a PEC block as the basic model and used the model to compare the proposed inversion method with the ordered subsets expectation maximization method. The accuracy of the proposed method is well validated by the experimental comparison. In addition, this paper also prepared a PEC stripe and dielectric blocks wrapped in a foam box. The inversion results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate for PEC samples and feasible for dielectric blocks.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147435214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An in situ measurement instrument for resistivity of molten metals at high temperature under high magnetic field. 一种高磁场下高温熔融金属电阻率原位测量仪器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0312611

Wenzhao Liu, Tie Liu, Peng Miao, Shan Jiang, Xuefeng Yao, Yanxin Liu, Xiaoming Liu, Yandong Liu

{"title":"An in situ measurement instrument for resistivity of molten metals at high temperature under high magnetic field.","authors":"Wenzhao Liu, Tie Liu, Peng Miao, Shan Jiang, Xuefeng Yao, Yanxin Liu, Xiaoming Liu, Yandong Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0312611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0312611","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an experimental platform designed to investigate the electrical transport properties of molten metals at high temperatures under high magnetic fields. The core measurement setup was housed inside a toroidal superconducting magnet. A four-probe method was used for resistance measurements, utilizing a specially designed electrode fixture to mitigate magnetic field interference. The system enabled the simultaneous application of high magnetic fields and high temperatures to the sample while collecting in situ resistance data. Resistivity was subsequently calculated based on Ohm's law. To verify the reliability of the instrument, measurements were performed on molten Pb and Sn. The results demonstrated that the application of a high magnetic field significantly increased the resistivity of both melts, indicating its notable influence on electron scattering and charge transport in molten metals. The successful development of this instrument provides innovative, physics-based fundamental data, offering a valuable experimental tool to advance materials science investigations in high magnetic field environments.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In situ imaging of domain walls in ferroelectric single crystals by instant polarized light microscopy. 瞬变偏振光显微镜对铁电单晶畴壁的原位成像。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0299682

Anastasia Timofeeva, Ziqi Wang, Zhengze Xu, Sipan Liu, Yusen Pei, Hossam Elnaggar, Franky So, Eunkyoung Shim, Xiaoning Jiang, Jun Liu, Kara Peters

{"title":"In situ imaging of domain walls in ferroelectric single crystals by instant polarized light microscopy.","authors":"Anastasia Timofeeva, Ziqi Wang, Zhengze Xu, Sipan Liu, Yusen Pei, Hossam Elnaggar, Franky So, Eunkyoung Shim, Xiaoning Jiang, Jun Liu, Kara Peters","doi":"10.1063/5.0299682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0299682","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric domain walls separate regions of uniform polarization in ferroelectric materials, and their controlled manipulation, such as through electric poling, is essential for enhancing the electromechanical performance of advanced ferroelectric devices. While most existing imaging techniques only examine static domain structures at the pre- or post-poling state, real-time, in situ, and non-destructive visualization of internal domain wall dynamics during electric poling using a simple implementation remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present a simple and accessible optical technique, instant polarized light microscopy (IPOLπ), for through-volume, single-shot, and in situ observation of domain wall evolution during electric poling. Demonstrated on [110]-oriented Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals, IPOLπ enables direct observation of polarization dynamics during alternating current poling and electrical depoling. The method reveals the formation of layered domain structures initiating at sample edges and progressing inward, as well as the correlation between optical birefringence changes and electrical current response. This low-cost, robust technique provides a powerful tool for studying real-time domain wall behavior, offering new insights into structure-property relationships in functional ferroelectric crystals.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High performance two-dimensional photon-counting imaging detector based on delay line anode. 基于延迟线阳极的高性能二维光子计数成像探测器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0299830

Yalong Zhang, Yongan Liu, Xianghui Yang, Zhe Liu, Lizhi Sheng

{"title":"High performance two-dimensional photon-counting imaging detector based on delay line anode.","authors":"Yalong Zhang, Yongan Liu, Xianghui Yang, Zhe Liu, Lizhi Sheng","doi":"10.1063/5.0299830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0299830","url":null,"abstract":"A microchannel plate detector based on a direct-collection cross-delay-line (XDL) anode readout is proposed. By converting spatial information into temporal signals and processing them with a high-speed time-to-digital converter, the system achieves a balance between high spatial resolution and high counting rate. The article elaborates on the detector's design principles, image encoding system, and signal processing workflow. Experimental evaluations were conducted on key performance metrics, including the XDL encoding system's nonlinearity, timing accuracy, as well as the overall spatial resolution and maximum counting rate of the detector. Test results demonstrate that the detector exhibits a spatial resolution better than 70 μm, a maximum counting rate of 1 MHz, and excellent timing precision (single-channel accuracy <26 ps). The encoding system exhibits good linearity with differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity below 0.22 and 2.29 LSB (least significant bit). The system is suitable for applications requiring high spatiotemporal resolution, such as particle detection, beam diagnostics, ultraviolet astronomy, and radiation imaging. Future work will focus on upgrading the data transmission interface and optimizing the electronic design to further enhance system performance.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A differential inductive linear displacement sensor against common-mode interference. 一种抗共模干扰的差分电感线性位移传感器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0293728

Jiayi Chen, Wei Xiong, Yuan Tan, Ziran Chen, Liang Wu

{"title":"A differential inductive linear displacement sensor against common-mode interference.","authors":"Jiayi Chen, Wei Xiong, Yuan Tan, Ziran Chen, Liang Wu","doi":"10.1063/5.0293728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0293728","url":null,"abstract":"Inductive displacement sensors offer robust interference resistance for harsh environments at the expense of reduced accuracy. This paper proposes an inductive sensor with a differential structure, which achieves precise displacement measurement through the eddy current effect between a planar coil and a metallic reflective conductor. The sensor incorporates a differential configuration, featuring two induction coils wound in opposite directions and connected in series, which effectively mitigates environmental common-mode interference. The sensor geometry was optimized through finite element simulation, employing a spatial phase shift of 1/6 cycle to eliminate third-harmonic distortion in the induced electromotive force. Experimental results indicate that the sensor achieves a resolution of 1 μm over a measurement range of 200 mm. To mitigate practical issues arising from installation errors, such as unequal signal amplitudes and non-orthogonal phase shifts, amplitude compensation and DC offset correction algorithms were applied. These measures substantially reduced the peak-to-peak error from 70 to 21 μm, resulting in a nonlinearity error of 0.014%. Because of the simple structure, cost-effectiveness, and proven reliability, the sensor is suitable for widespread industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) edge plasma diagnostic system for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). 国际热核实验堆（ITER）电荷交换复合光谱（CXRS）边缘等离子体诊断系统的研制。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0288521

G S Pavlova, S N Tugarinov, N V Kuzmin, V V Serov, S V Serov, M De Bock, M G von Hellermann, A Yu Shabashov, T V Arbuzova, E Yu Mironova, N V Nagornyi, A V Zvonkov

{"title":"Development of Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) edge plasma diagnostic system for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).","authors":"G S Pavlova, S N Tugarinov, N V Kuzmin, V V Serov, S V Serov, M De Bock, M G von Hellermann, A Yu Shabashov, T V Arbuzova, E Yu Mironova, N V Nagornyi, A V Zvonkov","doi":"10.1063/5.0288521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0288521","url":null,"abstract":"Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) is a powerful diagnostic tool for hot plasmas, widely used on modern tokamaks and stellarators for measuring ion temperature, rotation velocity, and low-Z impurity concentration. Three CXRS diagnostics, observing different plasma regions, will be implemented on the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) tokamak. In this paper, one of the ITER diagnostics, CXRS Edge, is described. An overview of its hardware, including a diagnostic neutral beam, a light collection system consisting of four in-vessel mirrors, vacuum windows, lens assemblies, fiber bundles, an alignment system, and back-end equipment (spectrometers, calibration equipment, and instrumentation and control) is presented. Laboratory tests of several manufactured mock-ups are described. The process of the diagnostic preparation for operation and specifics of measurement data analysis for CXRS on ITER is reviewed. A calibration system using a retroreflector, developed for remote calibration of the CXRS Edge diagnostic, is presented. CXRS modeling approaches and results are outlined. Non-statistical errors, their influence on parameters measurement, and possible solutions are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A compact unified sample stage for 2D materials ultra-thin film growth and in situ optoelectronic measurements in UHV. 用于二维材料超薄膜生长和特高压原位光电测量的紧凑统一样品台。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0318522

Yinuo Zhang, Yanlu Zhao, Yifan Liu, Zhicheng Zhang, Youqi Zhang, Yunan Lin, Yi Pan

{"title":"A compact unified sample stage for 2D materials ultra-thin film growth and in situ optoelectronic measurements in UHV.","authors":"Yinuo Zhang, Yanlu Zhao, Yifan Liu, Zhicheng Zhang, Youqi Zhang, Yunan Lin, Yi Pan","doi":"10.1063/5.0318522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0318522","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of optoelectronic devices based on atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials is often hindered by ambient contamination and low efficiency of material growth and device fabrication. We propose a versatile ultra-high vacuum apparatus with a compact unified sample stage designed for the fast optimization of ultra-thin 2D material film preparation and in situ optoelectronic transport measurements. The stage unifies the functions of (ultra-high vacuum) UHV evaporation, film resistance monitoring, and optoelectronic transport measurement. Unique mini-evaporators have been developed for the co-deposition of source materials in a compact space. Radiation heating and temperature measurement have been integrated in the stage for sample treatment. Insulating substrates with pre-deposited electrodes can be mounted on a specially designed flag-type sample holder with multiple contact pins for resistance monitoring during materials growth, as well as electrical transport measurement under varying heating temperatures. External light source illumination can be conducted through an optical entrance window in the chamber, which enables the in situ optoelectronic transport measurements. The performance of the apparatus has been validated by the successful metallic (Au, Cr, Pd) and semiconductor (SnSe) film resistance monitoring, the excellent photoresponse of SnSe films in UHV, and the temperature-dependent resistance evolution of the 2H-MoTe2 film with heating-induced Te vacancies. This UHV system based on the compact unified sample stage provides a new method and apparatus that could facilitate the investigation of various sensitive 2D layered materials for optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0