Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

Passage And Resonance In Synergy - PARIS: A molecular jet chirp- and tone-excitation Fourier transform microwave spectrometer for broad acquisition and high resolution. 通过和共振在协同-巴黎：分子射流啁啾和音调激发傅里叶变换微波光谱仪广泛采集和高分辨率。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0256434

Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen, Sven Herbers, Xavier Landsheere, Jens-Uwe Grabow

{"title":"Passage And Resonance In Synergy - PARIS: A molecular jet chirp- and tone-excitation Fourier transform microwave spectrometer for broad acquisition and high resolution.","authors":"Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen, Sven Herbers, Xavier Landsheere, Jens-Uwe Grabow","doi":"10.1063/5.0256434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256434","url":null,"abstract":"Jet-expansion Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for investigating isolated molecules and molecular aggregates. The coaxial beam-resonator arrangement offers unrivalled resolution, but requires repetitive frequency retuning of a high-Q resonator for survey spectra using short, resonant single-tone excitation pulses. Chirp-excitation methods, using a fast but powerful frequency-ramp signal passing over spectral line positions, dramatically reduce survey time, but at the cost of lower resolution and sensitivity for individual lines. As a consequence, many laboratories employ both spectrometer types. However, setting up individual machines with their own vacuum systems, high-frequency electronics, and control software is costly and time-consuming. We developed and constructed the PARIS (Passage And Resonance In Synergy) FTMW spectrometer, operating in the 2-20 GHz range, integrating both tone-excitation and chirp-excitation techniques in a single, resource-efficient setup: Using a modular design, most electronic components serve dual-purpose, with the integration of reflector-refocused and resonator-enhanced interaction setups in a spherical high-vacuum chamber. The chirp and single-tone excitation setups are arranged perpendicularly, with instant mode-switching, both using microwave propagation coaxial with the molecular jet-expansion. PARIS achieves a sensitivity of a few parts-per-billion for OCS diluted in neon (1%) on the resonator axis and a few parts-per-million on the broadband axis. A resolution (full width at half maximum, FWHM, of the amplitude spectrum) of ∼2 kHz is attained with both experiments, capable of resolving complex hyperfine structures, such as those from two 14N nuclei of 4-methylpyrimidine, already in broadband operation at minimum resolvable peak separation matching the respective FWHM.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced Simulation of ITER Core X-ray Crystal Spectroscopy. ITER核心x射线晶体光谱的高级模拟。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0253335

Xinyi Jin, Zhifeng Cheng, Junli Zhang, Wei Yan, Zhongyong Chen, Novimir Pablant, Lan Gao, Dian Lu, Martin O'Mullane, Raphael Tieulent, Robin Barnsley

{"title":"Advanced Simulation of ITER Core X-ray Crystal Spectroscopy.","authors":"Xinyi Jin, Zhifeng Cheng, Junli Zhang, Wei Yan, Zhongyong Chen, Novimir Pablant, Lan Gao, Dian Lu, Martin O'Mullane, Raphael Tieulent, Robin Barnsley","doi":"10.1063/5.0253335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253335","url":null,"abstract":"X-Ray Simulation Analysis (XRSA) is an analytical ray-tracing mixed code developed specifically for the ITER Core X-Ray Crystal Spectroscopy (XRCS-Core) diagnostic, which employs a dual-reflection configuration incorporating multiple pre-reflectors made of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and spherically curved analyzing crystals. The ITER XRCS-Core is designed for high spectral resolution measurement in specific wavelength ranges, including narrow bands around 1.354 Å for W64+, 2.19 Å for Xe51+, and 2.555 Å for Xe44+ and Xe47+, enabling diagnostic capability across a broad electron temperature range in the ITER plasma. XRSA facilitates efficient simulation of the spectral performance of this complex X-ray spectroscopic system. Recent updates to the XRSA code have incorporated two critical effects: auto-focusing, which specifically applies to HOPG, and polarization. These two effects are particularly important in the dual-reflection configuration used in the ITER XRCS-Core system to provide more accurate modeling results. Simulations conducted with the updated code demonstrate that polarization has a substantial impact on the performance of the dual-reflection system. Additionally, the combined influence of polarization and system layout introduces performance variations across channels through the same crystal.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective optimization of measurement accuracy of rotational viscometers based on the double cylindrical perturbation model. 基于双圆柱摄动模型的旋转粘度计测量精度的有效优化。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0251999

Yue Li, Qiangsheng Zou, Lifeng Ma

{"title":"Effective optimization of measurement accuracy of rotational viscometers based on the double cylindrical perturbation model.","authors":"Yue Li, Qiangsheng Zou, Lifeng Ma","doi":"10.1063/5.0251999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251999","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce an optimized principle for measuring liquid viscosity based on the rotational method. This principle can be further utilized in an improved dynamic torque viscosity testing system to obtain a wide range of viscosities with high accuracy. Newton's law of viscosity serves as the foundation for the traditional rotational viscosity measurement principle, which measures a liquid's viscosity by measuring its resistance to a rotating cylinder. Throughout the studies, it was discovered that the liquid's viscous interaction with the vessel's top and bottom surfaces regularly produced extra torque that would have raised the measurement results. The instability and unpredictability of the measurement core device often affect the accuracy of the measurements. Hence, we improved the calculation method for traditional viscometer measurements and used a high-precision dynamic torque sensor to modify the fundamental measuring element. To ensure the precision and dependability of the results, the experimental apparatus was calibrated and tested using standard substances (H2O and NaCl). We found that the average error of the viscosity measurements was below 2.73% within the 0-60 rpm range, with a minimum detectable difference of 1 µPa·s. Furthermore, the experimental system further stores and analyzes the data using RS485 communication with a host computer.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dynamic impedance matching method for acoustic systems based on variable inductance. 基于可变电感的声学系统动态阻抗匹配方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0250574

Hao-Ran Huang, Hong-Xian Ye, Xiao-Ping Hu, Bao-Hua Yu, Xu-Yi Yang

{"title":"A dynamic impedance matching method for acoustic systems based on variable inductance.","authors":"Hao-Ran Huang, Hong-Xian Ye, Xiao-Ping Hu, Bao-Hua Yu, Xu-Yi Yang","doi":"10.1063/5.0250574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250574","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of ultrasonic cutting, it is observed that the impedance characteristics of the acoustic system undergo a transformation as a consequence of load variation and the elevated temperature of the transducer, consequently giving rise to impedance mismatch issues, which in turn result in a reduction in system stability and machining efficiency. To address this issue, this paper proposes a dynamic impedance matching method based on variable inductance, which is designed to complement the static impedance matching circuit. First, the principle of a dynamic impedance matching circuit using variable inductance is analyzed, and the relationship between the system impedance and the variable inductance is established. Subsequently, the variable inductance is designed and verified, with the inductance value being adjusted by controlling the winding current to alter the magnetic permeability of the variable inductance core. Ultimately, the phase difference between the system voltage and current (impedance angle) is employed as the adjustment criterion, with the winding current regulated through a Proportional-Integral (PI) algorithm to achieve dynamic adjustment of the variable inductance value. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves dynamic impedance matching, reducing voltage-current phase difference within ±5° and stabilizing tool tip amplitude within 20-25 μm. Forward power increased by 30%, ensuring efficient material machining. This method significantly enhances both stability and machining efficiency in ultrasonic machining systems, which provides technical support for ultrasonic machining.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser-induced fluorescence of metastable helium for thermosphere studies. 热层亚稳氦激光诱导荧光研究。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0244754

Qin Yin, Chuan Huang, Ruocan Zhao, Zhenwei Liu, Hang Zhou, Yu Liu, Xiao Zhang, Han Yue, Jiaxin Lan, Xianghui Xue, Chong Wang, Chen Liang

{"title":"Laser-induced fluorescence of metastable helium for thermosphere studies.","authors":"Qin Yin, Chuan Huang, Ruocan Zhao, Zhenwei Liu, Hang Zhou, Yu Liu, Xiao Zhang, Han Yue, Jiaxin Lan, Xianghui Xue, Chong Wang, Chen Liang","doi":"10.1063/5.0244754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244754","url":null,"abstract":"Our study focuses on the experimental research of the thermosphere, which significantly affects spacecraft operations. Metastable helium, a key component of the thermosphere, can characterize the coupling process between the neutral atmosphere and ionized components. We designed an optical system to detect stimulated fluorescence at the P1,2,33-S13 transition of helium and tested it in a laboratory-created environment with metastable helium. By tuning the laser frequency around resonance, we measured the fluorescent spectrum and used fitting methods to estimate the temperature of metastable helium. Fluorescent intensity and temperature were systematically recorded under varying bias voltages and pressures, revealing a positive correlation between intensity and both parameters. The temperature displayed a linear increase with bias voltage at a slope of 2.1 ± 0.4 K/V, while no discernible relationship was observed between temperature and pressure. Our experimental setup not only provides a robust platform for the optical diagnosis of thermosphere-like conditions in the laboratory but also serves as a validation tool for advancing helium lidar technologies.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature-modulated ellipsometry for the measurement of dynamic expansion of nanoscale thin films. 温度调制椭偏法测量纳米薄膜的动态膨胀。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0264745

Jintian Luo, Kun Ye, Jiachen Li, Biao Zuo

{"title":"Temperature-modulated ellipsometry for the measurement of dynamic expansion of nanoscale thin films.","authors":"Jintian Luo, Kun Ye, Jiachen Li, Biao Zuo","doi":"10.1063/5.0264745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264745","url":null,"abstract":"Direct characterization of the chemco-physical properties of nanometer-thick thin films is essential for understanding and optimizing their performance to meet the evolving demands of nanodevice applications. Herein, temperature-modulated ellipsometry was demonstrated as a capable technique for measuring the dynamic expansion of nanoscale thin polymer films, enabling the direct assessment of both reversible and irreversible processes associated with thermal transitions. A sinusoidal plus linear temperature modulation protocol was implemented to induce oscillatory thickness variations in the thin film, and a spectroscopic ellipsometer was employed for the real-time measurement of dynamic expansion. The reversing thermal expansion (αr), which is related to intrinsic molecular dynamics, was determined from the amplitude of the thickness oscillations in response to temperature variations. By contrast, the apparent thermal expansion (αapp), which encompasses contributions from both reversible and irreversible processes (e.g., degradation), was obtained from the response to a linear temperature ramp. Their difference (Θ = αapp - αr) reflects the contribution of irreversible processes to film expansion. This technique provides a multidimensional assessment of the various processes occurring in thin films, making it a valuable tool for a wide range of modern technological applications.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fast profile monitor for intense ion beams. 强离子束的快速剖面监测仪。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0245159

Xiaoxun Song, Junliang Liu, Yingli Xue, Tao Guo, Lidong Ma, Wei Wang, Lin Chen, Deyang Yu

引用次数: 0

Design of power supply for pollution flashover test under superimposed AC/DC voltage. 交直流叠加电压污染闪络试验电源设计。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0256582

Yonggang Yue, Hongchuan Dong, Liang Li, Yanxin Tu, Bin Cao, Liming Wang

{"title":"Design of power supply for pollution flashover test under superimposed AC/DC voltage.","authors":"Yonggang Yue, Hongchuan Dong, Liang Li, Yanxin Tu, Bin Cao, Liming Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0256582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256582","url":null,"abstract":"Insulators are critical components in power systems, and pollution flashover presents a significant threat to their operational safety. Historically, research on pollution flashover has focused on conditions involving a single voltage type. However, with the rapid development and widespread adoption of flexible Direct Current (DC) transmission systems, insulators are increasingly exposed to complex operating conditions involving Alternating Current (AC)-DC composite voltages. This study investigates the flashover behavior of insulators under AC-DC composite voltage conditions. To achieve this, a novel AC-DC superimposed power supply system was developed, capable of generating varying 1:3 and 1:1 ratios of AC and DC components. The system's dynamic output characteristics were analyzed through theoretical calculations and simulation, with a focus on steady-state and transient-state behaviors. The power supply system was then utilized to conduct artificial pollution flashover tests on insulators. Results indicate that the inclusion of a DC component in the AC voltage significantly lowers the AC voltage required to initiate flashover, with larger DC components resulting in greater reductions. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and selection of insulators operating under AC-DC composite voltage conditions and establish a foundation for further research into insulator performance under mixed voltage environments.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible internal transporter with gravity-assisted mechanism for vertical transfer of microscope head. 灵活的内部运输与重力辅助机构垂直转移显微镜头。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0264135

Angela M Coe, Guohong Li, Eva Y Andrei

引用次数: 0

High definition imaging in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak. 超高清成像在百万安培球形托卡马克。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0252851

A M Patel, N J Conway, S S Henderson

引用次数: 0