Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

Development of a double-torque driven piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester with see-saw structure. 跷跷板结构双力矩驱动压电电磁能量采集器的研制。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0317041

Liang Wang, Donghao Su

{"title":"Development of a double-torque driven piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester with see-saw structure.","authors":"Liang Wang, Donghao Su","doi":"10.1063/5.0317041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0317041","url":null,"abstract":"Rotating energy harvesters are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical to power sensor devices. However, as the number and variety of sensors increases, there is a growing need for energy harvesters to achieve higher output power. This paper proposes a novel piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester for harvesting rotational energy from the environment. It is particularly well-suited to outdoor wind turbines and vehicle wheel energy harvesters. The main structure uses a see-saw structure passing through closed coils, incorporating two piezoelectric cantilever beams to achieve a compact design and high output. The see-saw structure is torqued with an attractive force on the one side and a repulsive force on the other. By synergizing the magnetic attraction force on one side with the magnetic repulsion force on the other side, a double torque effect is achieved, which enhances the speed at which the magnet cuts through the coil. Under load, compared with the single-torque harvester, the double-torque driven energy harvester exhibits a 19% and 25% increase in maximum output power and voltage, with maximum output power at 5.76 mW. The prototype can successfully illuminate 60 LEDs; it offers a new and effective way to collect energy and improve efficiency in the future.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring magnetic field vector components with quantum beat spectroscopy. 用量子拍谱法测量磁场矢量分量。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0323262

Tyler J Gilbert, Jacob W McLaughlin, Krishan Kumar, Earl E Scime

{"title":"Measuring magnetic field vector components with quantum beat spectroscopy.","authors":"Tyler J Gilbert, Jacob W McLaughlin, Krishan Kumar, Earl E Scime","doi":"10.1063/5.0323262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0323262","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic fields play an important role in many plasma environments, from fusion to space plasmas to magnetic reconnection. Quantum beat spectroscopy is a non-perturbative laser-based optical diagnostic that has demonstrated near-single shot, sub-Gauss precision measurement of the magnetic field strength in argon and helium plasmas, with sub-millimeter spatial resolution and temporal resolution on the order of 101-102 ns. In this work, the measurement technique is expanded to include the magnetic field orientation and, in a specific case, the absolute direction. The measurements of the quantum beat amplitudes are made at three separate polarization angles to determine their phase shift. The vector components of the magnetic field are then analytically determined as a function of the measured phase shift of the quantum beat amplitudes. The validity of this technique is demonstrated through a correlation between a set of known magnetic field angles and the measured phase shift for each angle, with a standard deviation of 5.7° and reduced χ2 result of 0.94. The estimated uncertainty in the calculated magnetic field components is less than 10%.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A compact tensile tester for carbon nanotube wires. 一种用于碳纳米管导线的紧凑型拉伸试验机。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0310974

Gerard Aliana-Cervera, Constantin Loesche, Chiara Pasquino, Raymond Veness, Alexander J G Lunt

{"title":"A compact tensile tester for carbon nanotube wires.","authors":"Gerard Aliana-Cervera, Constantin Loesche, Chiara Pasquino, Raymond Veness, Alexander J G Lunt","doi":"10.1063/5.0310974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0310974","url":null,"abstract":"The exceptional stiffness and strength of carbon nanotube (CNT) wires have led to substantial progress in the synthesis of these materials for a broad range of high-performance applications. However, to date, there is a lack of suitable equipment to characterize the mechanical performance of these wires. In this study, a compact and low-cost tensile tester was developed to characterize CNT wires for use in accelerator beam wire scanners. The device combines a stepper-motor actuator, load cell, and a linear potentiometer under Arduino-based control, providing sub-micron displacement precision and milli-Newton digital force resolution. Compliance calibration was carried out using copper and nylon wires, demonstrating the reliability of the measurement system. Initial tensile tests on CNT yarns with diameters between 10 and 50 μm, from multiple commercial suppliers, revealed ultimate tensile strengths of 1-3 GPa and elastic moduli of 120-200 GPa, below manufacturer specifications, corresponding to reductions of ∼50% in strength and up to 60% in modulus depending on the sample. These results highlight challenges related to sample preparation, clamping, and the intrinsic variability of CNT assemblies. Despite these limitations, the instrument enables reproducible testing of fragile filaments and provides a foundation for systematic mechanical evaluation of CNT wires.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlative in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization under identical reaction conditions. 在相同的反应条件下，相关的原位x射线光电子能谱和透射电镜表征。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0308362

Jun Cai, Zhuoran Yao, Yijing Zang, Yulu He, Yang Gu, Kaihui Liu, Zhi Liu, Zhu-Jun Wang

{"title":"Correlative in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization under identical reaction conditions.","authors":"Jun Cai, Zhuoran Yao, Yijing Zang, Yulu He, Yang Gu, Kaihui Liu, Zhi Liu, Zhu-Jun Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0308362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0308362","url":null,"abstract":"Acquiring information on the evolution of chemical states and real-space morphological changes under identical reaction conditions is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In this study, we design and implement a microreactor with high electron transparency, enabling correlated in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements for the same type of sample under identical reaction environments, while integrating online mass spectrometry for seamless coupling of spectroscopic and imaging data. This advancement allows direct correlation between the in situ chemical-state information obtained by XPS and the real-space structural evolution captured by TEM. Using the oxidation-reduction process of Ni nanoparticles in O2/H2 atmospheres as a model reaction, we systematically investigate the dynamic relationship between surface chemical states and morphological reconstruction from near-ambient to ambient pressures, demonstrating the stability and applicability of the microreactor under complex gas environments. This work provides a new experimental approach for mechanistic studies of gas-solid interfacial reactions under realistic operating conditions and establishes a methodological foundation for the rational design and optimization of high-performance catalysts.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fast-scanning single-photon LiDAR system for robust 3D imaging under photon-starved and interference-prone conditions. 一种快速扫描单光子激光雷达系统，用于在光子匮乏和易受干扰的条件下进行稳健的3D成像。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0326881

Chang Su, Zefang Xu, Tianye Liu, Zongwu He, Liyu Liu, Kai Qiao, Xing Wang

{"title":"A fast-scanning single-photon LiDAR system for robust 3D imaging under photon-starved and interference-prone conditions.","authors":"Chang Su, Zefang Xu, Tianye Liu, Zongwu He, Liyu Liu, Kai Qiao, Xing Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0326881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0326881","url":null,"abstract":"Short-dwell-time scanning and photon-starved operation make scanning single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) increasingly sensitive to environmental background and system-induced artifacts. This work presents a fast-scanning, narrow-field coaxial single-photon LiDAR system that improves data spatiotemporal consistency and reconstruction robustness through scan-synchronous measurement formation. An adaptive temporal post-selection is subsequently applied to isolate effective echo windows, after which three-dimensional Poisson deconvolution with total variation regularization is performed for depth recovery. Experiments with injected background noise show that scan-induced boundary artifacts are suppressed and the ranging root-mean-square error (RMSE) is reduced by more than a factor of two relative to a conventional acquisition scheme. Outdoor tests under strong daylight at 132 m with a dwell time of only 200 μs per pixel, achieved centimeter-level depth RMSE, and additional kilometer-scale field experiments demonstrate reliable depth-resolved reconstruction under severe scattering and spatially non-uniform background interference.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the resistance to quantum efficiency degradation of cesium iodide-coated microchannel plates for extreme ultraviolet detection. 极紫外检测用碘化铯包覆微通道板抗量子效率退化的性能评价。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0292578

Kazuo Yoshioka, Masaki Kuwabara, Go Murakami, Ichiro Yoshikawa

{"title":"Evaluation of the resistance to quantum efficiency degradation of cesium iodide-coated microchannel plates for extreme ultraviolet detection.","authors":"Kazuo Yoshioka, Masaki Kuwabara, Go Murakami, Ichiro Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1063/5.0292578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0292578","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we experimentally evaluated the quantum efficiency (QE) enhancement and storage stability of cesium iodide (CsI) coated microchannel plates (MCPs), which are widely used as high-sensitivity detectors for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations. A 42 mm diameter MCP was partially coated with CsI and irradiated with a common EUV light source to directly compare the relative QE and gain between the CsI-coated and uncoated (bare) regions. To simulate pre-launch storage conditions, we also investigated QE variations after storing the MCP in low-vacuum (10-1000 Pa) and dry nitrogen environments for up to 30 days. The results demonstrated that the CsI coating yielded an increase by a factor of 100 in QE at wavelengths above 100 nm, with no significant degradation observed during vacuum-sealed storage. Furthermore, the observed reduction in gain over time could be compensated by fine-tuning the applied high voltage, posing no operational issue. These findings demonstrate that CsI-coated MCPs maintain high QE during extended storage and are, therefore, suitable for future small-scale space missions.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A detailed description of quantitative x-ray spectroscopy using single hit CCD cameras. 详细描述了单击CCD相机的定量x射线光谱学。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0317355

Matthias Geissel, Tommy Ao, Mark W Kimmel, Quinn Looker, Jonathon E Shores, Ian C Smith, Robert J Speas, Patrick Rambo, Chi Yang, John L Porter

{"title":"A detailed description of quantitative x-ray spectroscopy using single hit CCD cameras.","authors":"Matthias Geissel, Tommy Ao, Mark W Kimmel, Quinn Looker, Jonathon E Shores, Ian C Smith, Robert J Speas, Patrick Rambo, Chi Yang, John L Porter","doi":"10.1063/5.0317355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0317355","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-depletion charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras can be used as x-ray spectrometers if the flux is limited to significantly less than one photon per pixel. The charge that is created by the absorbed photon is proportional to the x-ray energy, and consequently, the histogram of the CCD-sensor readout (in the limit of no noise and large pixel size) is a strictly linear spectrum. If the quantum efficiency of the detector, the attenuation of x-rays from the source to the detector, and the overall geometry of the setup are known, one can also calculate the absolute flux for a given photon energy from the source. We describe the efficient use of a commercial deep-depletion CCD camera as an absolutely calibrated x-ray spectrometer for the determination of laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiencies with the Z-Petawatt and Z-Beamlet lasers [P. Rambo et al., Proc. SPIE 10014, 100140Z (2016)] at Sandia National Laboratories. We explain procedures to reverse intrinsic degradations of x-ray induced pixel brightness and to mitigate external noise, and we identify spectral artifacts that are generated inside the detector.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Layer-specific porosity analysis in sub-nanoporous silica thin films using variable-energy positron annihilation lifetime technique, ellipsometric porosimetry, and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. 利用变能正电子湮没寿命技术、椭偏孔隙度法和衰减全反射红外光谱分析亚纳米孔二氧化硅薄膜的层间孔隙度。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0294598

Shigeru Yoshimoto, Kenji Ito

{"title":"Layer-specific porosity analysis in sub-nanoporous silica thin films using variable-energy positron annihilation lifetime technique, ellipsometric porosimetry, and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy.","authors":"Shigeru Yoshimoto, Kenji Ito","doi":"10.1063/5.0294598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0294598","url":null,"abstract":"We present a hybrid analytical method that combines the variable-energy positron annihilation lifetime (VEPAL) technique with in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy to examine the depth-resolved open porosity (surface-connected pore fraction relevant to adsorbate-accessible open pores) of sub-nanoporous silica thin films. Model samples with low-, high-, and bilayer-porosity architectures were fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and characterized using VEPAL, ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), and ATR-IR. The depth-dependent ortho-positronium lifetimes obtained by VEPAL revealed distinct porous sublayers in the bilayer films, consistent with their designed architecture. Open porosity values derived from EP correlated well with ATR-IR absorbance under controlled humidity, validating the semi-quantitative use of IR spectroscopy for probing open pores near the surface. The cross-validation of the three techniques enabled nondestructive, layer-specific quantification of open porosity, offering a versatile platform for optimizing the structure and function of porous materials in sensing, dielectric, and membrane applications.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The 2 PW/1 Hz laser system for laser-driven proton tumor therapy facility CLAPA-II: Compact laser plasma accelerator II. 激光驱动质子肿瘤治疗设备CLAPA-II：紧凑型激光等离子体加速器II的2 PW/1 Hz激光系统。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0322895

Minjian Wu, Hui Zhang, Yixing Geng, Olivier Chalus, Gilles Rey, Alain Pellegrina, Philippe Fichot, Vincent Leroux, Chang Liu, Yanying Zhao, Xueqing Yan

引用次数: 0

Numerical means for phase-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for dynamic studies in plasmas. 等离子体动力学研究中相位分辨激光诱导荧光光谱的数值方法。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0316970

Y Dancheva, F Scortecci, M Da Valle, E Mariotti

引用次数: 0