Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

Impact of afterglow correction uncertainty on down-scattered neutron imaging at the National Ignition Facility. 余辉校正不确定度对国家点火装置下散射中子成像的影响。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350769

A I de Santiago, S A Ricketts, C H Wilde, K R Moran, S S Glenn, E R Casco, J S Cowan, C R Danly, V E Fatherley, D N Fittinghoff, H J Jorgenson, M P Selwood, P L Volegov

{"title":"Impact of afterglow correction uncertainty on down-scattered neutron imaging at the National Ignition Facility.","authors":"A I de Santiago, S A Ricketts, C H Wilde, K R Moran, S S Glenn, E R Casco, J S Cowan, C R Danly, V E Fatherley, D N Fittinghoff, H J Jorgenson, M P Selwood, P L Volegov","doi":"10.1063/5.0350769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350769","url":null,"abstract":"Down-scattered neutron imaging (6-12 MeV) at the National Ignition Facility diagnoses cold fuel assembly in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Residual primary neutron signal (afterglow) from scintillator decay must be subtracted from down-scattered measurements. With afterglow correction uncertainty comparable to the signal itself (both at the 1%-4% level relative to primary), reconstructions are highly sensitive to correction errors. We examine this sensitivity by perturbing the afterglow correction factor from -75% to +75% in 5% increments for shot N250126. Legendre P0 contour analysis at 17%, 50%, 80%, and 90% intensity levels reveals that outer contours (17%, 50%) show <10% variation across the full perturbation range, while inner contours (80%, 90%) exhibit steep sensitivity to over-subtraction, with >40% variation as the correction factor increases. The sensitivity is asymmetric: over-subtraction causes rapid degradation and peak location shifts due to the oblate primary geometry, while under-subtraction produces near-linear changes. For analyses of internal hotspot features, under-subtraction is preferable to over-subtraction to avoid reconstruction artifacts.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the two-filter soft x-ray method to infer electron temperature in the sub-100 eV regime. 评估双滤光软x射线法在亚100 eV状态下推断电子温度。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0347793

M W Lee, Soobin Lim, Ji Hwan Kim, G W Nam, Jongmin Lee, Chan-Hwi Jeon, Y S Hwang, C Sung

引用次数: 0

Investigation of injected laser polarization effects in quantum beat spectroscopy for magnetic field measurements in plasmas. 等离子体磁场测量量子拍谱中注入激光极化效应的研究。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0345367

Krishan Kumar, Jacob McLaughlin, Erick Diaz, Earl Scime

{"title":"Investigation of injected laser polarization effects in quantum beat spectroscopy for magnetic field measurements in plasmas.","authors":"Krishan Kumar, Jacob McLaughlin, Erick Diaz, Earl Scime","doi":"10.1063/5.0345367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0345367","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic fields exert a strong influence on plasma behavior, highlighting the need for diagnostic techniques that can measure magnetic fields with high accuracy while minimizing plasma perturbation. Quantum Beat Spectroscopy (QBS), recently demonstrated by Gilbert et al. [Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 34 025020 (2025)] in a laboratory plasma, is a laser-based optical diagnostic that provides Doppler-free measurements of magnetic field strength. In this study, a femtosecond laser is employed in an argon plasma to investigate the dependence of the QBS signal on the polarization of the incident laser. The experiments are conducted in a tabletop six-way cross vacuum chamber. A pair of Helmholtz coils is mounted on a rotational stage such that the chamber remains centered between the coils, enabling precise control over the orientation of the applied magnetic field. The present study shows that the quantum beat amplitude strongly depends on the polarization of the injected laser. It is also demonstrated that excitation from a single initial state into a coherent superposition of two excited magnetic sublevels is a necessary condition for the observation of quantum beats. Furthermore, it is shown that the magnetic field orientation can be determined by rotating the polarization of the injected laser.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated laser heating stage with active geometry modulation for simultaneous in situ x-ray transmission and evolved gas analysis of molten liquids. 具有主动几何调制的集成激光加热台，用于同时进行熔融液体的原位x射线传输和演化气体分析。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0327079

Chao Ang, Zhenqi Jiao, Yue Yang, Wenchang Hou, Renshu Wang, Zhen Wang, Na Yu, Xuerong Liu, Yi Hu, Zhu-Jun Wang

{"title":"Integrated laser heating stage with active geometry modulation for simultaneous in situ x-ray transmission and evolved gas analysis of molten liquids.","authors":"Chao Ang, Zhenqi Jiao, Yue Yang, Wenchang Hou, Renshu Wang, Zhen Wang, Na Yu, Xuerong Liu, Yi Hu, Zhu-Jun Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0327079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0327079","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the structural evolution of the benefits of high-temperature molten liquids using in situ x-ray transmission measurements with sufficient optical path length and stable temperature control. However, in horizontal beam geometries widely used in laboratories and at synchrotron x-ray facilities, severe wetting and lateral spreading of melts on solid substrates drastically reduce the effective transmission thickness, posing a fundamental limitation to data quality. To address this challenge, a compact, atmosphere-controlled laser-heating platform is developed with a thermocouple-assisted active geometry modulation strategy. Through controlled interaction between the thermocouple probe and the melt, surface tension is exploited to lift the liquid into a stable liquid-bridge configuration, transforming an unfavorable spreading morphology into an optimized vertical transmission cross section while simultaneously enabling direct in situ temperature measurement. The platform integrates a triple-fiber incoherently combined laser head for high optical power density, a closed-loop proportional-integral-derivative temperature control system with steady-state thermocouple-signal fluctuations within ±0.2 °C up to 1200 °C, and an atmosphere-controlled chamber coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer for evolved gas analysis. This integrated design enables synchronous acquisition of structural information and chemical reaction under fully molten, non-equilibrium conditions. The performance of the system is demonstrated by in situ x-ray diffraction and gas analysis during firing and vitrification of a multi-component Pb-Ba silicate precursor, where carbonate decomposition, melting, and amorphization are directly correlated in real time.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and optimization of a laser-produced x-ray source for x-ray radiography. 用于x射线照相的激光x射线源的表征和优化。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0323034

Y Benkadoum, E Filippov, S Pikuz, P Mabey, G Boutoux, X Vaisseau, A Grolleau, M Bonneau, P Renaudin, G Rigon, A Triantafyllidis, L Ceurvorst, M Koenig, B Albertazzi

{"title":"Characterization and optimization of a laser-produced x-ray source for x-ray radiography.","authors":"Y Benkadoum, E Filippov, S Pikuz, P Mabey, G Boutoux, X Vaisseau, A Grolleau, M Bonneau, P Renaudin, G Rigon, A Triantafyllidis, L Ceurvorst, M Koenig, B Albertazzi","doi":"10.1063/5.0323034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0323034","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution x-ray radiography (HRXR) is a critical diagnostic tool for studying high-energy-density plasmas in large laser facilities such as the National Ignition Facility, the Laser Mega Joule, and Omega Extended Performance. However, geometric constraints in these facilities pose significant challenges for experimental design. This paper presents a comprehensive characterization of a picosecond laser-driven x-ray source tailored for HRXR applications. Through systematic experimental investigations, we analyzed the influence of various parameters on the performance of the x-ray source, focusing on spatial resolution and spectral distribution across a broad energy range. Our findings reveal that a single thin wire, comparable in diameter to the laser focal spot, positioned at 90° relative to the laser axis, serves as the optimal backlighter configuration. This configuration maximizes spatial resolution and spectral quality, addressing the geometric limitations inherent in large-scale laser facilities. The results provide a robust foundation for designing HRXR experiments, enabling more precise and reliable imaging of high-energy-density plasmas.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A visibility transmissometer based on light intensity monitoring. 一种基于光强监测的能见度透射仪。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0339961

Shiguo Zhang, Xiaojie Wang, Wei Wang, Haitao Fang, Shunxing Hu

{"title":"A visibility transmissometer based on light intensity monitoring.","authors":"Shiguo Zhang, Xiaojie Wang, Wei Wang, Haitao Fang, Shunxing Hu","doi":"10.1063/5.0339961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0339961","url":null,"abstract":"Transmissometers provide high-accuracy visibility measurements, but existing systems often suffer from limited range and significant uncertainty. We developed a new transmissometer using a white light emitting diode that produces a 0.6-mrad parallel beam, with a 110 mm aperture lens ensuring full-energy collection. To minimize errors from light-source fluctuations, we introduced a sampling method based on the ratio of peripheral spot intensity to central beam intensity. In a 300-h stability test, a 0.28% change in source output resulted in only ∼0.014% variation in this ratio, effectively suppressing source-induced error. Calibration with neutral-density filters produced a calibration error of ∼0.016%, and multi-filter tests confirmed highly linear photoelectric conversion. By extending the optical path to 60 m using high-reflectance mirrors, the system achieved a maximum measurable visibility of 50 km with a relative standard uncertainty of 2.87%. Comparative tests in a visibility simulation chamber showed that the new transmissometer exhibits significantly lower uncertainty than three reference forward scattering meters. These results demonstrate that the proposed system offers a precise and reliable solution for high-accuracy visibility monitoring.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a multichannel filterscope system for two-dimensional plasma imaging in a magnetic mirror. 磁镜中二维等离子体成像多通道滤光镜系统的研制。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0347709

Dongha Kim, M Lee, D Oh, Y Jung, C Moon, S G Lee, G B Ko, Junghee Kim, C Sung

{"title":"Development of a multichannel filterscope system for two-dimensional plasma imaging in a magnetic mirror.","authors":"Dongha Kim, M Lee, D Oh, Y Jung, C Moon, S G Lee, G B Ko, Junghee Kim, C Sung","doi":"10.1063/5.0347709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0347709","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a multichannel filterscope system for time-resolved two-dimensional (2D) plasma emission imaging in the KAIST magnetic mirror device. The system consists of three compact in-vessel receiver modules with slit-based pinhole-camera geometry, an optical feedthrough coupled to fiber bundles, and external silicon photomultiplier-based detection units. The receiver modules, separated by 120°, provide 21 line-integrated viewing chords across the plasma cross section. Plasma emission is spatially selected by a precision slit, collimated by lens optics, spectrally filtered by an interchangeable narrow bandpass filter, and transmitted outside the vacuum vessel through the optical feedthrough and fiber bundles. Initial measurements during helium discharges successfully exhibited simultaneous time-resolved detection of neutral helium emission near 668 nm from all 21 channels. The gain-corrected line-integrated signals were then used to reconstruct 2D emissivity distributions. The reconstructed images showed a non-axisymmetric emission structure and its temporal evolution, demonstrating the capability of the developed system for time-resolved 2D plasma emission imaging.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Near-ambient-pressure angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for operando probing of surface band structure. 近大气压角分辨光发射光谱（ARPES）用于表面能带结构的操作探测。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0342875

Lenart Dudy, Elisa Auffray, Jean-Jacques Gallet, Fabrice Bournel, Meryem Bouaziz, Bongjin Simon Mun, Subin Jang, Yuki Tsujikawa, Hiroshi Kondoh, Valentin Mischke, Philipp Keßler, Vedran Jovic, Simon Moser, Sven Maehl

引用次数: 0

A 3He-independent cryogen-free adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for temperatures below 1 K. 温度低于1k的不依赖3he的无低温绝热消磁制冷机。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0343134

Zhizhong Song, Jinyang Chen, Donghan Ge, Yuqiao Yan, Zhuokai Yang, Siyuan Zhang, Zhihong Wu, Junyi Jin, Jianing Yao, Xi Lin

{"title":"A 3He-independent cryogen-free adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for temperatures below 1 K.","authors":"Zhizhong Song, Jinyang Chen, Donghan Ge, Yuqiao Yan, Zhuokai Yang, Siyuan Zhang, Zhihong Wu, Junyi Jin, Jianing Yao, Xi Lin","doi":"10.1063/5.0343134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0343134","url":null,"abstract":"Millikelvin environments are crucial for condensed matter experiments, yet the limited availability and rising cost of 3He have imposed a bottleneck on the application of mainstream millikelvin refrigerators: 3He refrigerators and dilution refrigerators. Recently, the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR), which has been previously overshadowed by its 3He-based counterparts, is experiencing a revival as a 3He-independent alternative. Here, we present the design, construction, and performance of a cryogen-free ADR that strictly avoids the use of 3He. By incorporating a closed-cycle 1 K pot, the ADR realizes a novel architecture comprising a 1.5 K precooling system and a single demagnetization stage. The results show that the ADR can reach a base temperature of 113 mK and maintain temperatures below 300 mK for over 11 h, which approaches the performance of 3He refrigerators. The demagnetization stage features simply fabricated components, including a custom-designed 2 T superconducting magnet, a homemade chromium potassium alum salt pill, and a homemade mechanical heat switch. The components are arranged into a spacious and compatible layout, enabling future experimental integration. Overall, this work offers an alternative design route and a practical reference for developing 3He-independent ultra-low temperature systems for research purposes.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a compact induction oven system for an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. 电子回旋共振离子源紧凑型感应炉系统的研制。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0352224

E Kidanova, D Yakovlev, K Kuzmenkov, V Mironov, D Pugachev

引用次数: 0