Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

A new method for the measurement of low outgassing rate of materials based on torsion balance. 基于扭力天平的低放气率测量新方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0271558

Jian Lin, Wen-Hai Tan, Zheng-Jie An, Zhi-Jie Lu, Ming-Guang Fu, Jin-Xuan Luan, Jian-Ping Liu, Shan-Qing Yang

{"title":"A new method for the measurement of low outgassing rate of materials based on torsion balance.","authors":"Jian Lin, Wen-Hai Tan, Zheng-Jie An, Zhi-Jie Lu, Ming-Guang Fu, Jin-Xuan Luan, Jian-Ping Liu, Shan-Qing Yang","doi":"10.1063/5.0271558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271558","url":null,"abstract":"Outgassing, defined as the continuous release of gas molecules from the surface of materials, is a common issue in vacuum research. Although the quantity of desorbed molecules is generally small, its impact becomes significant in high-precision scientific missions, such as the space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) detection. The detailed evaluation of this noise source relies on the outgassing rate for materials applied, while the current measurement methods all show insufficient precision, lacking practicability in measuring small-sized samples. In this paper, a new outgassing rate measurement method based on high-precision torsion balance is proposed. Unlike the general methods that rely on monitoring pressure variation, this approach detects the extremely weak force exerted by the released gas molecules. Verified through principle experiments, the detection limit for the present apparatus can be evaluated to be better than 1.9 × 10-12 Pa m3/s in water molecule equivalent at room temperature. The typical test results show a measurement uncertainty of less than 4%. In addition, the apparatus can monitor the fluctuation of outgassing rate with a noise level of 3 × 10-11 Pa m3/s/Hz in the mHz frequency band. In conclusion, this first-time proposed method is especially valuable for studying the outgassing rate of small-sized samples. It can be applied in the monitor of outgassing of the inertial sensor used in the space-borne GW detection during the on-ground testing and in other high vacuum demanded scientific missions.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rotating waveplate Stokes polarimeter using anisotropic transmittance in waveplate. 利用波片各向异性透过率的旋转波片斯托克斯偏振计。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0272881

Ryota Imazawa, Shun Kamiya, Yoshihiko Nunoya

引用次数: 0

Design, modeling, and experimental evaluation of a piezoelectric actuator based on four-stage magnifying mechanism. 基于四级放大机构的压电驱动器的设计、建模和实验评估。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0267690

Dongmei Xu, Guoxu Li, Simiao Yu, Qianyi Zhang, Zejie Liu, Zhenye Zhang, Zhaohui Yao

{"title":"Design, modeling, and experimental evaluation of a piezoelectric actuator based on four-stage magnifying mechanism.","authors":"Dongmei Xu, Guoxu Li, Simiao Yu, Qianyi Zhang, Zejie Liu, Zhenye Zhang, Zhaohui Yao","doi":"10.1063/5.0267690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0267690","url":null,"abstract":"This study designs a novel piezoelectric actuator (PA) and models and experimentally evaluates it, which improves the output stroke and driving efficiency. A four-stage magnifying mechanism with an ingenious structure is utilized to magnify the displacements of the piezoelectric material stacks. Rhombic, lever, triangular, and lever mechanisms form the four-stage magnifying mechanism. The proposed PA has two driving feet, and a guide rail is driven to move twice within one driving period under the proposed working principle. This structure and principle allow for large stroke, high velocity, and highly efficient driving. Theoretical model and finite element analysis are created to determine magnification ratio and optimize structural design. Experiments including step performance, load performance, and the influence of pretightening force on output performance are conducted. A maximum driving velocity of 11.34 mm/s is obtained through experiment. The resolution and maximum load capacity is tested to be of 120 nm and 0.25 N, respectively. This study has developed a long stroke, high-velocity, and high-efficiency linear PA with a relatively simple structure and working principle.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electron optical properties of retarding field analyzers for high energy resolution spectroscopy. 高能分辨光谱延迟场分析仪的电子光学特性。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0268303

P Staib

{"title":"Electron optical properties of retarding field analyzers for high energy resolution spectroscopy.","authors":"P Staib","doi":"10.1063/5.0268303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268303","url":null,"abstract":"The results of trajectory simulation of charged particles through retarding mesh electrodes show why high energy resolution is reached with Retarding Field Analyzers (RFAs). The transmission function is obtained by adding all transmitted particles over the mesh aperture area for a specific kinetic energy of the particles. The transmitted trajectories are classified into different categories having single or multiple deflections. Each category contributes differently to building up the transmission function. The transmission function has a well-defined energy threshold followed by a steep increase giving a high energy resolution. The derivative of the transmission function gives the filtering function for a monoenergetic particle flux. Its shape is close to a right-angle triangular peak. The energy resolution measured as the full width at half maximum of the peak is derived from the strength of the electrostatic fields applied to the retarding mesh electrode. The transmission is calculated using relative units allowing scaling to a specific experimental configuration, and formulas are deducted to estimate the energy resolution. A RFA using a single mesh electrode able to reach an energy resolution of less than 1 eV at 8 keV beam energy illustrates these calculations.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of x rays on the sensitivity of CR-39 detectors to 2.4-MeV protons. x射线对CR-39探测器对2.4 mev质子灵敏度的影响。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0272809

R Kishimori, M Cufari, E Z L Zhong-Johnson, B I Buschmann, A J Sinskey, T M Johnson, N Vanderloo, A DeVault, B C Foo, J Vargas, S G Dannhoff, T E Evans, J Kunimune, Y Lawrence, J A Pearcy, B L Reichelt, C W Wink, R D Petrasso, M Gatu Johnson, J A Frenje

{"title":"Impact of x rays on the sensitivity of CR-39 detectors to 2.4-MeV protons.","authors":"R Kishimori, M Cufari, E Z L Zhong-Johnson, B I Buschmann, A J Sinskey, T M Johnson, N Vanderloo, A DeVault, B C Foo, J Vargas, S G Dannhoff, T E Evans, J Kunimune, Y Lawrence, J A Pearcy, B L Reichelt, C W Wink, R D Petrasso, M Gatu Johnson, J A Frenje","doi":"10.1063/5.0272809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0272809","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state nuclear track detectors, such as CR-39, lose sensitivity when subjected to doses of x rays on the order of 1 Gy in nuclear-fusion relevant experiments. As a result, the formed tracks have, in general, smaller maximum radii and shallower maximum depths. Presented here are experiments using atomic force microscopy to measure the CR-39 sensitivity parameter Vt/Vb, the ratio of track to bulk etch rates, for ∼2.4 MeV protons. The measurements revealed that absorbed x-ray doses of the order of 1 Gy reduced the CR-39 track diameters by a factor of 3 from ∼1200 to ∼400 nm and reduced the track depths by an order of magnitude from ∼550 to ∼50 nm. The corresponding change in the sensitivity parameter was inferred and found to have substantially decreased from ∼1.1 to ≲1.01. Doses in excess of 0.5 Gy reduced the track diameter, at an etch time of 2 h, below the 1.0 μm limit typical of optical microscopy methods used when scanning large, i.e., ≳25 cm2, samples of CR-39. The findings suggest that the mechanism of sensitivity loss is driven by x-ray induced cross-linking of the bulk CR-39. The enhanced cross-linking reduces the solubility of the material along charged-particle trajectories compared with that of the bulk material. Representative absorbed doses of between 0.01 and 1 Gy in CR-39 on OMEGA and NIF in typical experimental configurations are then compared with the results.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A thermo-optical plane source method to measure thermal conductivity. 一种测量热导率的热光平面源方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0267492

Jeffrey L Braun, Bryan N Baines, John T Gaskins, Patrick E Hopkins

引用次数: 0

Sparse group LASSO and nonlinear machine learning for frequency-feature optimization in noninvasive blood glucose monitoring via bioimpedance spectroscopy. 稀疏组LASSO和非线性机器学习在生物阻抗谱无创血糖监测中的频率特征优化

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0251837

Zhongwei Lu, Tian Zhou, Cong Hu, Chuanpei Xu, Shike Long, Shaorong Zhang, Benxin Zhang

{"title":"Sparse group LASSO and nonlinear machine learning for frequency-feature optimization in noninvasive blood glucose monitoring via bioimpedance spectroscopy.","authors":"Zhongwei Lu, Tian Zhou, Cong Hu, Chuanpei Xu, Shike Long, Shaorong Zhang, Benxin Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0251837","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0251837","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic patients need to test their blood glucose levels (BGL) frequently; however, traditional methods of blood collection and testing cause great pain to patients. In order to improve the quality of life of patients, this paper develops a noninvasive, portable, and continuous monitoring blood glucose detection system, which uses the latest bioimpedance integrated circuit to obtain the bioimpedance spectrum (BIS) of the inner forearm of the human body. The obtained BIS covers most of the frequencies up to 1 MHz. A BGL estimation model is developed using sparse group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator combined with a Gaussian kernel function support vector regression to select the optimal frequencies and features for BIS. The correlations between different frequencies and features and BGL are investigated. We test our system on a collected dataset of clinical subjects, and the results show that the average mean absolute relative difference for all subjects is 9.90%, the root mean square error is 14.81 mg/dl, and the mean absolute error is 11.75 mg/dl. 100% of the estimates fall in zones A and B of the Clarke error grid. Preliminary results show that the use of BIS integrated circuits in combination with machine learning techniques promises to enable portable, noninvasive, continuous monitoring of BGLs.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of ultrashort intense broadband laser-plasma x-ray source for ultrafast Laue x-ray diffraction. 超快劳厄x射线衍射用超短强宽带激光等离子体x射线源的研制。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0250567

Ranjana Rathore, Himanshu Singhal, Ruta Kulkarni, A Thamizhavel, Dipanshu Bansal, Juzer Ali Chakera

{"title":"Development of ultrashort intense broadband laser-plasma x-ray source for ultrafast Laue x-ray diffraction.","authors":"Ranjana Rathore, Himanshu Singhal, Ruta Kulkarni, A Thamizhavel, Dipanshu Bansal, Juzer Ali Chakera","doi":"10.1063/5.0250567","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0250567","url":null,"abstract":"Laue x-ray diffraction (LXRD) is a commonly used experimental technique to investigate the crystal structure of single-crystalline solids using a polychromatic x-ray source, enabling simultaneous measurement of multiple Bragg peaks; however, it lacks time information. Using an ultrashort pulse duration polychromatic x-ray source can demonstrate ultrafast Laue x-ray diffraction (ULXRD) pump-probe studies, providing comprehensive insights into ultrafast structural evolution by concomitantly measuring the evolution of various reciprocal lattice planes. Here, we present the development of an ultrashort (∼300 fs) intense broadband (up to 100 keV) laser-plasma x-ray source by optimizing the laser parameters and demonstrate a ULXRD study in EuTe4 sample, a charge-density-wave (CDW) compound. We find that for laser-plasma sources driven by mJ, fs laser systems, the high laser pre-pulse contrast can significantly enhance the Cu Kα x-ray flux [∼3 × 1010 photons/(sr s)] and extend the Bremsstrahlung background (up to 100 keV). Further, the Cu Kα flux increases sub-linearly with laser pulse energy, which paves the way to generate an even stronger x-ray source using multi-kHz high average power fs lasers having relatively smaller pulse energy. With the broadband source, we measured 11 diffraction peaks simultaneously in a single sample orientation in the LXRD pattern. Careful control of experimental parameters enabled us to record the dynamics of the weak-intensity CDW peak in the ULXRD study. Currently, the source has ∼±10% shot-to-shot fluctuation. Efforts are underway to reduce it to <1%, enabling us to investigate relatively low-intensity modulation of Bragg peaks after photoexcitation.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fast calibration method for industrial robot kinematics based on motion capture system. 基于运动捕捉系统的工业机器人运动学快速标定方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0278164

Xiaolong Wang, Wangqiang Jia, Jianfu Cao

引用次数: 0

Single-dye calibration for accurate instrument response function in time-correlated single photon counting over the entire visible range. 在整个可见范围内进行时间相关单光子计数的精确仪器响应函数的单染料校准。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0258344

Munnyon Kim, Jinhyuk Ma, Taiha Joo

引用次数: 0