Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

A simple graphics processing unit-accelerated propagation routine for laser pulses in the strong-field regime.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220970

A Martínez de Velasco, K S E Eikema

引用次数: 0

Detecting and tracking high-velocity plasmoids produced by a magnetized coaxial plasma gun in visible images.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0230459

Zhaoxuan Li, Yang Ye, Defeng Kong, Mingsheng Tan, Fubin Zhong, Mingyuan Wang, Chengming Qu, Zhihao Zhao, Yahao Wu, Qiaofeng Zhang, Chao Wang, Yanqing Huang, Shoubiao Zhang

{"title":"Detecting and tracking high-velocity plasmoids produced by a magnetized coaxial plasma gun in visible images.","authors":"Zhaoxuan Li, Yang Ye, Defeng Kong, Mingsheng Tan, Fubin Zhong, Mingyuan Wang, Chengming Qu, Zhihao Zhao, Yahao Wu, Qiaofeng Zhang, Chao Wang, Yanqing Huang, Shoubiao Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0230459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230459","url":null,"abstract":"The compact torus (CT) injection device, widely known as a magnetized coaxial plasma gun, creates self-contained magnetic field structures, known as plasmoids, which exhibit high densities and velocities. Owing to its remarkable energy density, the CT injection device holds immense potential for tokamak core fueling, rendering it promising for future fusion reactor applications. This paper presents a novel algorithm, comprising a segmentation module based on the UNet neural network and a tracking module leveraging the simple online and real-time tracking (SORT) algorithm, developed for detecting and tracking plasmoids in visible images. The algorithm is specifically designed for the recently manufactured CT injection system of the EAST tokamak, known as EAST-CTI [Kong et al., Plasma Sci. Technol. 25(6), 065601 (2023)]. Our analysis reveals the presence of multiple plasmoids within the plasma flow ejected by the EAST-CTI system. The UNet convolutional neural network successfully detects these plasmoids, achieving a dice coefficient of 0.813 on the test dataset, indicating high accuracy. Meanwhile, a modified version of the SORT algorithm successfully tracks these plasmoids, demonstrating robust performance without false tracking or identity assignment errors. Overall, the developed algorithm offers critical insights into the evolution characteristics of CTs and meets the requirements of the EAST-CTI system's visible imaging diagnostics. This advancement creates a favorable environment for extensive data analysis using imaging data in future research endeavors.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"95 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an atmospheric boundary layer detection system based on a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0227462

Guang You, Jie Yang, Xiaotian Wang, Qingquan Liu, Renhui Ding

{"title":"Development of an atmospheric boundary layer detection system based on a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle.","authors":"Guang You, Jie Yang, Xiaotian Wang, Qingquan Liu, Renhui Ding","doi":"10.1063/5.0227462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0227462","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance meteorological detection methods, an atmospheric boundary layer detection system based on a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was proposed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to model the surrounding airflow distribution during UAV hovering, thereby determining the optimal positions for sensor installation. A novel radiation shield was designed for the temperature sensor, offering both excellent radiation shielding and superior ventilation. To further improve temperature measurement accuracy, an error correction model based on CFD and neural network algorithms was designed. CFD was used to quantify the temperature measurement errors of the sensor under different environmental conditions. Subsequently, random forest and multilayer perceptron algorithms were employed to train and learn from the simulated temperature errors, resulting in the development of the error correction model. To validate the accuracy of the detection system, comparative experiments were conducted using the measurement values from the 076B temperature observation instrument as a reference. The experimental results indicate that the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient between the experimental temperature errors and the algorithm-predicted errors are 0.055, 0.066, and 0.971 °C, respectively. The average error of the corrected temperature data is 0.05 °C, which shows substantial agreement with the reference temperature data. During UAV hovering, the average discrepancies between the temperature, humidity, and air pressure data of the detection system and the ground-based reference data are 0.6 °C, 1.6% RH, and 0.77 hPa, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"95 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid filter for lock-in amplifiers.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208389

Jeffrey Lindemuth, Emilio Codecido, Noah Faust, Houston Fortney, David Daughton

{"title":"Hybrid filter for lock-in amplifiers.","authors":"Jeffrey Lindemuth, Emilio Codecido, Noah Faust, Houston Fortney, David Daughton","doi":"10.1063/5.0208389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0208389","url":null,"abstract":"Lock-in amplifiers are instrumental in the precise measurement of extremely small AC signals within high-noise environments. Traditionally, noise reduction in these instruments relies on infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which can necessitate prolonged settling times to ensure the acquisition of accurate, statistically independent data. While moving average filters offer faster settling times, their non-monotonic frequency response may not be optimal for noise reduction. Conversely, IIR filters frequently realized as N-pole RC filters exhibit a monotonic frequency response conducive to effective noise reduction. This study presents a hybrid filter architecture that combines a short IIR filter with a longer moving average finite impulse response filter. The objective is to enhance noise reduction as quantified by the filter's equivalent noise bandwidth (ENBW). Theoretical analysis is provided to derive the step response, settling time, frequency response, and ENBW of the hybrid filter configuration. Design methodologies are outlined for hybrid filters that either match the settling time of an N-pole RC filter while achieving a lower ENBW or maintain the ENBW of an N-pole RC filter but with significantly faster settling time. The performance of the hybrid filter is validated through noise measurements of low-value resistors and thermal noise of larger resistors, with results compared to theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"95 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optothermal trapping of microparticles near an absorbing reflective film with an annular beam.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0238139

Dong Chen, Jie Jia, Chun Meng, Panpan Yu, Chen-Xu Li, Min-Cheng Zhong

引用次数: 0

Two-point methods for evaluation of the minimum zone circle.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0234792

Xiuming Li, Xuedi Hao, Guangjie Wang, Yuanzhuo Tang, Xudong Li

引用次数: 0

A versatile setup for hydrogen isotope permeation studies.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0239583

P Sand, A Manhard, U von Toussaint

{"title":"A versatile setup for hydrogen isotope permeation studies.","authors":"P Sand, A Manhard, U von Toussaint","doi":"10.1063/5.0239583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239583","url":null,"abstract":"The Testbed for Analysis of Permeation of Atoms in Samples (TAPAS) is an experimental setup for ion-driven permeation studies with a focus on investigating wall materials for nuclear fusion devices. A monoenergetic, mass-filtered high-intensity keV ion beam is focused and directed onto the permeation sample by electrostatic ion optics and decelerated to the desired ion energy by a dedicated set of apertures close to the sample. We were able to obtain ion energies as low as 170 eV/D with a D3+ ion beam with an ion flux density of the order of 1020 D/m2s on a beam-wetted area of ∼33 mm2. These conditions avoid sputtering of W targets by the ion beam and are representative of the particle flux and energy spectrum impinging on the first wall of a prospective nuclear fusion power reactor. Permeation samples can be heated up to 1000 K in an ultra-high vacuum. The design of the deceleration system, together with a high pumping speed in the loading chamber, ensures a low pressure of recycling hydrogen isotope molecules in front of the sample. In addition to ion-driven permeation, TAPAS provides a limited capability for gas-driven permeation at low pressures up to nearly 1 mbar. Permeating hydrogen isotopes are detected with a quadrupole mass spectrometer in the downstream ultra-high vacuum chamber. After a detailed description of the setup and calibration procedures for implanted particle flux, mass spectrometer, and neutral gas pressure, benchmark experiments on recrystallized, 50 μm thick tungsten foils are shown, demonstrating that diffusion-limited boundary conditions for permeation were reached.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"95 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of the charged particle deflection from the sweeping magnet array in the Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray imager.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0230759

Catriana K Paw U, Brian M Walsh, Ramiz Qudsi, Sam Busk, Cadin Connor, Dennis Chornay, Hyunju K Connor, Kip D Kuntz, Rousseau Nutter, F Scott Porter

{"title":"Simulation of the charged particle deflection from the sweeping magnet array in the Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray imager.","authors":"Catriana K Paw U, Brian M Walsh, Ramiz Qudsi, Sam Busk, Cadin Connor, Dennis Chornay, Hyunju K Connor, Kip D Kuntz, Rousseau Nutter, F Scott Porter","doi":"10.1063/5.0230759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230759","url":null,"abstract":"The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager (LEXI) is an instrument built to image x-rays from solar wind charge exchange in Earth's magnetosheath. Monitoring the position of the magnetopause at the inner boundary of the magnetosheath allows us to understand how magnetic reconnection regulates how energy from the solar wind is deposited into Earth's magnetosphere. LEXI is part of an upcoming lunar lander mission set to land in Mare Crisium. To repel unwanted charged particles, the instrument carries a permanent magnet array composed of 48 neodymium magnets. The array was designed to maximize charged particle deflection while minimizing stray magnetic fields, which could impact other instruments or spacecraft operation. A Runge-Kutta-based fully kinetic particle tracing model was created to evaluate the effectiveness of LEXI's unique charged particle deflector array. Combined with the other particle suppression measures of the instrument, including physical structures and filters, the simulations show proton and electron transmission to the LEXI detector is expected to be sufficiently reduced to allow successful imaging. The flexible simulation model can be generalized to be used in examining the magnetic deflector array effectiveness of other instruments whose signals could be compromised by unwanted charged particle contamination.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"95 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic development and needs for laser driven MeV x-ray radiography.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219493

D R Rusby, G J Williams, S M Kerr, A Aghedo, D Alessi, S Anderson, M Hill, I Rodger, M Rubery, M P Selwood, F Treffert, A J Mackinnon

引用次数: 0

Combined Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements in ultra-high vacuum down to 3.7 K.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0242326

K P Shchukin, M Hell, A Grüneis

引用次数: 0