Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

Ultra-high resolution tilt calibration and real-time compensation for cold atom gravimeters. 冷原子重力仪的超高分辨率倾斜校准和实时补偿。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0283458

Zhiye Song, Yaning Wang, Guangming Wang, Weijing Zhao, Lingxiao Zhu

{"title":"Ultra-high resolution tilt calibration and real-time compensation for cold atom gravimeters.","authors":"Zhiye Song, Yaning Wang, Guangming Wang, Weijing Zhao, Lingxiao Zhu","doi":"10.1063/5.0283458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0283458","url":null,"abstract":"The angular misalignment between two Raman beams is a critical source of error in gravity measurements using cold atom gravimeters. This paper presents the design and experimental validation of an integrated optical fiber module based on the principle of optical reversibility. The proposed module enables calibration of Raman beam polarization orthogonality and overlap angles while simultaneously providing real-time compensation for gravity measurement errors induced by Raman beam misalignment through continuous monitoring of the calibration signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the module achieves a Raman mirror tilt angle calibration accuracy of 1.6 arc sec, corresponding to a gravity acceleration calibration accuracy of 0.06 μGal. The implementation of this module enhances calibration efficiency, mitigates alignment-related disturbances, and improves the overall stability of atomic gravimeter measurements. Its versatility makes it suitable for deployment in both high-accuracy stationary laboratory experiments and dynamic field applications, advancing the practical utility of cold atom gravimeters in geophysical and metrological research.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analytical solution for the secondary capacitor charging time of Tesla transformer with different optimal coupling coefficients. 不同最优耦合系数下特斯拉变压器二次电容充电时间的解析解。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0284389

Wu Wang, Zhiqiang Fan, Jie Zhao, Kun Wei, Zuoxian Xiang

引用次数: 0

Tandem electrostatic lens as a zoom system to achieve ultra-high magnification in microscope imaging mass spectrometry. 串联静电透镜作为变焦系统，在显微镜成像质谱中实现超高放大倍率。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0283704

J Aoki, M Ueda

{"title":"Tandem electrostatic lens as a zoom system to achieve ultra-high magnification in microscope imaging mass spectrometry.","authors":"J Aoki, M Ueda","doi":"10.1063/5.0283704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0283704","url":null,"abstract":"A zoom system was developed for a projection-type microscope imaging mass spectrometer to achieve an ultra-high magnification of up to 650. The zooming effect was accomplished by assembling a series of two Einzel lenses. Here, the first lens works as conventional ion microscope optics, providing a typical magnifying power of 20, and the second lens relays the imaginary image formed by the first lens to the detector by delivering over 30 times additional magnifying power without losing the alignment of the optical axis for final image production. In our experiments, gridded dye samples in a 25.4 μm pitch were imaged onto a DLD (delay line detector). The ionized dye of crystal violet was detected in spatially well-resolved grids with a magnifying power of 650.9. In addition, we imaged HeLa cells. Three ionized molecules of m/z 88, m/z 136, and m/z 344 were detected in sub-cellular structures with the magnifying power of 98.3. These magnification levels appeared sufficient to visualize ion distribution patterns within a single spot irradiated using a scanning laser probe in conventional MALDI mass spectrometers. Indeed, ion optical simulation predicted a detection capability of up to 100 nm in size of structure for our zoom system and suggested that this level of spatial resolution would be achievable in experiments, mostly by minimizing the effect of initial energy dispersion with increased acceleration voltages.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing brain-computer interfaces: Compact and high-speed wireless neural signal acquisition. 革命性的脑机接口：紧凑和高速无线神经信号采集。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0287033

Mingfeng Liu, Xudong Guo, Liling Cao, Haipo Cui, Zihao Li, Yong Lin, Ziming Yin, Wentao Quan, Chengcong Feng, Tianyu Ma, Zhengtuo Zhao, Liu Yang, Lei Yao, Xuan Zhang, Gang Wang

{"title":"Revolutionizing brain-computer interfaces: Compact and high-speed wireless neural signal acquisition.","authors":"Mingfeng Liu, Xudong Guo, Liling Cao, Haipo Cui, Zihao Li, Yong Lin, Ziming Yin, Wentao Quan, Chengcong Feng, Tianyu Ma, Zhengtuo Zhao, Liu Yang, Lei Yao, Xuan Zhang, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0287033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0287033","url":null,"abstract":"A brain-computer interface (BCI) facilitates the connection between the human brain and external devices by decoding neurophysiological signals, thereby enabling seamless interaction between humans and machines. However, existing neural signal acquisition systems often suffer from limited channel counts, low sampling rates, and challenges in miniaturization and wireless bandwidth, which restrict their ability to support large-scale and real-time neural recordings. Given the rapid advancements in BCI technologies and the increasing demand for high-resolution neural data, there is an imperative need for BCI systems that are high-throughput, high-speed, and miniaturized. This paper presents a wireless neural signal acquisition system based on FPGA technology, supporting 1024 channels at 32 kSPS and employing a stacked architecture for compact, low-power wireless transmission. Following the creation of the functional prototype, laboratory electrical performance tests were conducted. The system exhibited a noise voltage of 8.56 μVrms, which is in close proximity to the 6 μVrms specified by the chip. In addition, the system accurately captured weak sine wave inputs in both time and frequency domains, confirming its ability to record weak bioelectrical signals. Subsequent animal experiments involving mice implanted with EEG electrodes demonstrated that the system could reliably acquire brain neural signals in real time. The maximum and minimum values of signal-to-noise ratios among the channels were measured at 28.66 and 30.56 dB, thereby providing additional validation for the system's signal quality and consistency.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hybrid gradient coil design method generating ultra-high gradient magnetic field for micro-MRI utilization. 一种用于微mri超高梯度磁场的混合梯度线圈设计方法。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0275023

Hongyan He, Yaohui Wang, Zheng Wang, Shufeng Wei, Huixian Wang, Feng Liu, Wenhui Yang, Qiuliang Wang

{"title":"A hybrid gradient coil design method generating ultra-high gradient magnetic field for micro-MRI utilization.","authors":"Hongyan He, Yaohui Wang, Zheng Wang, Shufeng Wei, Huixian Wang, Feng Liu, Wenhui Yang, Qiuliang Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0275023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275023","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high gradient strength is crucial for achieving high spatial resolution in advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. However, it is challenging to design gradient coils to generate ultra-high gradient strengths with superior coil operational efficiency in a limited space. In this work, we propose an innovative hybrid gradient coil design approach that synergistically integrates the discrete wire scheme with the current density technique. The primary coils are configured using a discrete wire technique that achieves a compact and high-density winding structure, generating exceptional gradient field intensity. Concurrently, the shielding layer utilizes the current density method and stream function to effectively constrain stray magnetic fields and eddy current effects. Comparative analysis with conventional gradient coils demonstrates that the hybrid design approach achieves a doubling of gradient strength (e.g., 2450 vs 1000 mT/m) and a quadrupling of efficiency (e.g., 49 vs 12 mT/m/A). Furthermore, the mechanical design is also analyzed to ensure structural integrity and manufacturability. This novel design method provides new insights into overcoming the trade-offs among gradient performance metrics, establishing a promising approach for developing new-generation high-resolution MRI systems.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strong-coupling quantum dot microscope. 强耦合量子点显微镜。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0228818

Eric Goodwin, Elinore McLain, Kaedon Cleland-Host, Genda Gu, Stuart Tessmer

{"title":"Strong-coupling quantum dot microscope.","authors":"Eric Goodwin, Elinore McLain, Kaedon Cleland-Host, Genda Gu, Stuart Tessmer","doi":"10.1063/5.0228818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228818","url":null,"abstract":"We report the development and fabrication of a novel cryogenic instrument, a scanning quantum dot microscope (SQDM), capable of positioning a quantum dot to within tunneling range of a sample surface. The microscope is strong-coupling in the sense that electron wavefunctions in the quantum dot can directly overlap with electron wavefunctions in the sample, in contrast to probes based on electric-field coupling. The SQDM consists of a sharp glass probe with two asymmetric electrodes leading to an aluminum quantum dot at the apex. One electrode is capacitively coupled to the quantum dot, while the other lead is connected to the dot via a tunneling junction. A charge sensing circuit constructed from a high-electron-mobility transistor is attached to the capacitance lead to measure the charge state of the dot. The last key feature of the design is a tilted-apex geometry. This design feature, in conjunction with the capacitive sensing scheme, results in a robust quantum-dot probe capable of operating within angstrom distances of the sample surface while protecting the single tunnel junction responsible for electron transport onto the quantum dot. We demonstrate that our instrument can detect single-electron tunneling events and can also be operated as a standard scanning tunneling microscope capable of nanometer-scale resolution of the surface topography.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel application of neutrinos to evaluate U.S. nuclear weapons performance. 中微子在评估美国核武器性能中的新应用。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0263319

J R Distel, E C Dunton, J M Durham, A C Hayes, W C Louis, J D Martin, G W Misch, M R Mumpower, Z Tang, R T Thornton, B T Turner, R G Van de Water, W S Wilburn

{"title":"Novel application of neutrinos to evaluate U.S. nuclear weapons performance.","authors":"J R Distel, E C Dunton, J M Durham, A C Hayes, W C Louis, J D Martin, G W Misch, M R Mumpower, Z Tang, R T Thornton, B T Turner, R G Van de Water, W S Wilburn","doi":"10.1063/5.0263319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0263319","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing realization that neutrinos can be used as a diagnostic tool to better understand the inner workings of a nuclear weapon. Robust estimates demonstrate that an Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) neutrino scintillation detector built at the Nevada Test Site with a 1000-ton active target mass at a standoff distance of 500 m would detect thousands of antineutrino events per nuclear test. This would provide less than 4% statistical error on the measured antineutrino rate and 5% error on antineutrino energy. Extrapolating this to an error on the test device explosive yield requires knowledge from evaluated nuclear databases, non-equilibrium fission rates, and assumptions on internal neutron fluxes. Initial calculations demonstrate that the total number of neutrinos emitted per fission in the first 103 s after a short pulse of 239Pu fission is about a factor of two less than that from Pu fissioning under steady state conditions. Furthermore, there are significant energy spectral differences as a function of time after the pulse that must be considered. These and other model dependencies will be discussed in the paper. In the absence of nuclear weapons testing, many of the technical and theoretical challenges of a full nuclear test could be mitigated with a low cost smaller scale 20 ton fiducial mass IBD demonstration detector placed near a pulsed reactor. Potential reactors include the Texas A&M University TRIGA 1 GW-10 ms pulsed facility or the Sandia Annular Core Research Reactor. The short duty cycle and repeatability of pulses would provide critical real environment testing and measurements, which would be valuable for planning a possible real test shot in the future. Furthermore, the antineutrino rate as a function of time data would provide unique constraints on fission databases and model assumptions. Finally, there are impactful science drivers such as sensitive searches for ∼1 eV2 sterile neutrinos and ∼MeV scale axions.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A compact, all-digital microwave impedance microscopy system with automatic baseline cancellation. 一个紧凑的，全数字微波阻抗显微镜系统与自动基线取消。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0294058

Adam Pierce, Amogh Yogesh Waghmare, Eric Y Ma

引用次数: 0

GraFIT: A toolbox for fast and accurate frequency response identification in gravitational wave detectors. 用于引力波探测器快速准确频率响应识别的工具箱。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0275060

M van Dael, M van Haren, G Witvoet, B Swinkels, T Oomen

{"title":"GraFIT: A toolbox for fast and accurate frequency response identification in gravitational wave detectors.","authors":"M van Dael, M van Haren, G Witvoet, B Swinkels, T Oomen","doi":"10.1063/5.0275060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275060","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency Response Function (FRF) measurements are widely used in gravitational wave detectors, e.g., for the design of controllers, calibrating signals, and diagnosing problems with system dynamics. The aim of this paper is to present GraFIT: a toolbox that enables fast, inexpensive, and accurate identification of FRF measurements for gravitational wave detectors compared to the commonly used approaches, including common spectral analysis techniques. The toolbox builds upon recent developments in non-parametric system identification by utilizing a local modeling technique, which is particularly effective in reducing the impact of transient effects. It is furthermore designed to be user-friendly, handling systems of arbitrary input-output dimensions, and systems operating in a closed loop. The toolbox is validated on two experimental case studies of the Virgo detector, illustrating more than a factor 3 reduction in the estimated standard deviation using GraFIT for the same measurement times and comparable estimated standard deviations with up to ten times less data using GraFIT with respect to the commonly used spectral analysis method. As a result, GraFIT can reduce commissioning time and detector downtime due to noise injections, while also improving the overall quality of the measurements.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commissioning of the new extended hard X-ray source for laser MégaJoule laser X-ray cameras calibration-Application to radiometric calibrations of two X-ray CCD and one X-ray framing camera. 用于激光m<s:1>焦耳激光x射线相机校准的新型扩展硬x射线源的调试-应用于两台x射线CCD和一台x射线分幅相机的辐射校准。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0280730

S Hubert

{"title":"Commissioning of the new extended hard X-ray source for laser MégaJoule laser X-ray cameras calibration-Application to radiometric calibrations of two X-ray CCD and one X-ray framing camera.","authors":"S Hubert","doi":"10.1063/5.0280730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0280730","url":null,"abstract":"For Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments, the absolute sensitivity of X-ray cameras associated with plasma diagnostics must be known to quantitatively interpret the data. With the increase in complexity of Laser MégaJoule (LMJ) Facility experiments, more plasma diagnostics are being developed to work in a harder X-ray range (>10 keV). We present here the new X-ray source specifically designed to perform the absolute calibration of LMJ's X-ray cameras up to ∼20 keV, instead of the previous source that was limited to 10 keV. The commissioning of this new source was achieved and qualified through the absolute calibrations of three X-ray cameras: two X-ray Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs), with one being a reference detector, and one X-ray framing camera. The radiometric feature of these measurements is provided by the use of the source in combination with a double-crystal monochromator. The very good agreement of the obtained quantum efficiency measurements of the reference CCD with previous calibrations and the theoretical model has self-guaranteed the reliability of the next sensitivity measurements performed with the two other cameras, especially the LMJ XRFC. This first XRFC absolute sensitivity curve, established between 2.2 and ∼18 keV, is compared and discussed with the few previous studies found in the literature.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0