Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第2页

Detection of dynamic temperature modulation using a thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) system.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0245701

M Ryu, F Könemann, S Kamegaki, C van Nisselroy, K Buddha, E Cagin, J Morikawa

{"title":"Detection of dynamic temperature modulation using a thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) system.","authors":"M Ryu, F Könemann, S Kamegaki, C van Nisselroy, K Buddha, E Cagin, J Morikawa","doi":"10.1063/5.0245701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245701","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscale measurements of thermophysical properties, based on detecting temperature responses to periodic heat stimulation, can be achieved using a localized heating point instead of a localized sensing point. However, the concept of determining localized thermophysical properties via nano-heating as an alternative to nano-sensing has not yet been validated. In this study, we demonstrate the measurement of thermal diffusivity within a nanoscale-confined volume using a thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) system. The sharp tip of the t-SPL probe is employed to locally and periodically heat the sample, which is placed on a pre-fabricated micro-thermocouple. Using the temperature wave analysis method, the thermal diffusivity of the sample is inferred from the frequency-dependent phase shift in the temperature response of a thermocouple. This technique was applied to the microscale structure of a chemically amplified negative-tone photoresist (mr-DWL). We show that confining the heat source to a nanoscale point contact can achieve spatial resolution at the nanoscale (10-100 nm), offering an alternative approach to miniaturizing the detector sensor.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a 3-D tomography technique for Large Helical Device bolometry using EMC3-EIRENE grids.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0225703

Koyo Munechika, Hiroaki Tsutsui, Byron J Peterson, Kiyofumi Mukai, Gakushi Kawamura, Daihong Zhang, Felix Reimold, Gabriele Partesotti

引用次数: 0

An improved technique based on discrete Fourier transform for demodulating the plasma-induced phase shift in a dispersion interferometer.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0242252

A D Khilchenko, A N Kvashnin, E I Soldatkina, V V Prikhodko, S V Ivanenko, V B Minaev

{"title":"An improved technique based on discrete Fourier transform for demodulating the plasma-induced phase shift in a dispersion interferometer.","authors":"A D Khilchenko, A N Kvashnin, E I Soldatkina, V V Prikhodko, S V Ivanenko, V B Minaev","doi":"10.1063/5.0242252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242252","url":null,"abstract":"This article announces a technique for detecting plasma-induced phase shifts in a dispersion interferometer (DI) with artificial modulation of probing radiation, based on the use of a sliding discrete Fourier transform with periodic correction of the results of calculations and procedures for suppressing leaks in the frequency domain by window functions. Within the framework of this technology, the results of measurements of CO2 laser-based DI are formed with a maximum differential deviation of <2° at a rate of phase shift variation on 45° (about 1019 m-2) during the period of the modulating signal. As the rate of phase shift decreases, the magnitude of the differential deviation decreases proportionally, at a level commensurate with the measurement error caused by the noise component of the photodetector signal (∼1016 m-2). The feature of the considered technique is the improved accuracy at the cost of twice reduced the time resolution. The hardware implementation of the phase shift calculation with ADC sampling rate instead of modulating frequency is proposed.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical calculation method for the probability of target damage caused by fragment swarm under random retention time series. 随机滞留时间序列下碎片群造成目标损伤概率的数值计算方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0226652

Jingyun Xue, Hanshan Li, Jingxin Chen, Xuebin Liu

{"title":"Numerical calculation method for the probability of target damage caused by fragment swarm under random retention time series.","authors":"Jingyun Xue, Hanshan Li, Jingxin Chen, Xuebin Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0226652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226652","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the issue of uncertainty in calculating the damage effectiveness of aerial maneuvering targets due to the random intersection with warhead fragment clusters formed by projectile proximity explosions, this paper puts forward a numerical calculation method of the aerial maneuvering target damage probability under the intersection between the warhead fragment group and the target with random dwell time sequence (RDTS) characteristics. Leveraging the random scattering characteristics of warhead fragment clusters and incorporating the vulnerability characteristics of the aerial maneuvering target, a model for calculating the probability of hitting and damaging an aerial maneuvering target with a warhead fragment cluster from a single projectile's explosive is established. Factors related to the random dwell time of the target possibly falling into the effective damage area of the warhead fragment cluster from the projectile's proximity explosion are introduced, resulting in the development of a model for calculating the damage probability of an aerial maneuvering target under RDTS. In addition, we provide a mathematical description of the statistical characteristics of the probability of damage. Through simulation and example calculation and analysis, the results demonstrate that this method can accurately reflect the actual damage effectiveness of warhead fragment clusters formed by projectile proximity explosion on the aerial maneuvering target in a random scattering state, offering a novel theoretical approach for calculating the damage effectiveness of highly maneuverable targets in the future.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-temperature UHV scanning tunneling microscope double sample holder for in situ exchangeable clean room processed samples.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0228294

Umamahesh Thupakula, We-Hyo Soe, Jimmy Faria, Piyush Kanti Sarkar, A Omura Okano, Makoto Sakurai, Christian Joachim

{"title":"Low-temperature UHV scanning tunneling microscope double sample holder for in situ exchangeable clean room processed samples.","authors":"Umamahesh Thupakula, We-Hyo Soe, Jimmy Faria, Piyush Kanti Sarkar, A Omura Okano, Makoto Sakurai, Christian Joachim","doi":"10.1063/5.0228294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228294","url":null,"abstract":"A generalization of the double sample holder (DSH) concept is presented for an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) low-temperature (LT) multi-probe scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In UHV, the DSH is carrying, side-by-side, a reference metal sample [Au(111) single crystal for STM tip apex preparation] and an ancillary stand-alone small sample holder (for samples originating from a clean room) that can be mounted in situ in/out of the DSH plate. STM tip navigation on both sample surfaces is performed using a UHV scanning electron microscope positioned above the STM stage. For demonstration, clean room nanofabricated graphene nano-gears (diameter down to 25 nm) on a sapphire sample are characterized using STM. The STM tip apices are cleaned on the atomically precise and UHV cleaned Au(111) reference sample surface. Using our new DSH plate and in situ STM tip apex re-preparation on the reference metallic sample, we demonstrate how a clean room originating sample can be imaged at the atomic resolution using our LT-UHV 4-STM.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Particle displacement refinement based on hybrid cross-correlation optical flow method with gradient constancy assumption.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0238355

Hu Li, Guanyu Yan, Haidong Zhu, Yan Feng, Jingjing He

{"title":"Particle displacement refinement based on hybrid cross-correlation optical flow method with gradient constancy assumption.","authors":"Hu Li, Guanyu Yan, Haidong Zhu, Yan Feng, Jingjing He","doi":"10.1063/5.0238355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238355","url":null,"abstract":"In particle image velocimetry (PIV), the brightness of a particle image sequence may change due to uneven laser intensity distribution and fluctuations in laser output. Consequently, the optical flow method (OFM), which relies on the brightness constancy assumption, becomes unsuitable. The traditional variational OFM is only accurate for small displacement fields but lacks robustness and accuracy when applied to PIV images with intensity variations. In this study, to address these issues, we improve the traditional cross-correlation OFM to establish a high-resolution hybrid cross-correlation optical flow method (CC-OFM) for particle images with large displacement and intensity variations. The data term, which combines the brightness constancy assumption with the gradient constancy assumption, compensates for the intensity changes between the particle image pairs. The proposed CC-OFM is quantitatively evaluated using both synthetic particle images and experimental particle images under various conditions, comparing the displacement results with those obtained using other methods. The results reveal that the proposed CC-OFM provides high accuracy and robustness for particle images with large displacement and intensity variations. Furthermore, its high spatial resolution allows it to capture flow details more effectively than the other methods.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of pulse-type skin friction balance use in shock tunnel.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0246911

Penghao Zhang, Yue Wang, Yunpeng Wang

{"title":"Development of pulse-type skin friction balance use in shock tunnel.","authors":"Penghao Zhang, Yue Wang, Yunpeng Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0246911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0246911","url":null,"abstract":"The wall shear stress significantly affects the aerodynamic characteristics and flight safety of hypersonic aircraft. More accurate and reliable diagnostic instruments are required to fully understand and optimize the distribution of wall shear stress in hypersonic high-enthalpy flow. Two types of assembled and integrated skin friction balances for high-enthalpy impulse facilities were developed. The integrated balance was processed using additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing. The static calibration uncertainty of the two types of skin friction balances is lower than 0.2% FS at 95% confidence. The first-order vibration frequency is about 50 Hz. The applicability and reliability of the developed skin friction balance were verified in the JF-12 shock tunnel built by the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A series of wall shear measurement tests for flat-plate boundary layers were carried out, in a freestream with a nominal Mach number of 7 and a unit Reynolds number of about 106. The wall shear results were in good agreement with the numerical simulation and empirical formula results. The minimum deviation can reach 3.67% of the measured value, which verifies the applicability and reliability of the two types of skin friction balances for accurate wall shear stress in high-enthalpy pulse flow, especially providing experimental support for the feasibility of the additive-manufactured balance.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential pumping for kHz operation of a laser wakefield accelerator based on a continuously flowing hydrogen gas jet.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0246912

J Monzac, S Smartsev, J Huijts, L Rovige, I A Andriyash, A Vernier, V Tomkus, V Girdauskas, G Raciukaitis, M Mackevičiūtė, V Stankevic, A Cavagna, J Kaur, A Kalouguine, R Lopez-Martens, J Faure

引用次数: 0

Measurement setup for the characterization of integrated semiconductor circuits at cryogenic temperatures.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0245525

P J Ritter, M-A Tucholke, M Neumann, J F Mumme, A Meyer, R Roederer, Z Guo, A Pawlak, V Issakov, M Schilling, B Hampel

{"title":"Measurement setup for the characterization of integrated semiconductor circuits at cryogenic temperatures.","authors":"P J Ritter, M-A Tucholke, M Neumann, J F Mumme, A Meyer, R Roederer, Z Guo, A Pawlak, V Issakov, M Schilling, B Hampel","doi":"10.1063/5.0245525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245525","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated semiconductor circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures can play a crucial role in scaling quantum computing architectures based on trapped-ion and superconducting qubits. Other technologies, such as low-temperature detectors, can also benefit significantly from these circuits. These applications demand high-frequency, cryogenic temperature measurement systems for the thorough characterization of semiconductor components and circuits. This work presents a customizable, high-frequency, fast, and reliable cryogenic measurement setup for measurement temperatures ranging from room temperature to 4.2 K. It features up to two dc probes or two ground-signal-ground probes for frequencies of up to 67 GHz, which can be configured in a 180° or 90° configuration. In addition, up to 48 BeCu wires configured as twisted pairs provide supply and control signals. Furthermore, up to four rf connections can be mounted directly to a printed circuit board. The setup features an optical microscope in the vacuum chamber to position the probes, which is further utilized by a machine vision algorithm, allowing the detection of pads and automatic positioning of the probes over the pads. The hardware is located in a 550 × 500 × 500 mm3 large vacuum chamber with two independent pulse tube cryocoolers with cooling powers of up to 0.9 and 0.4 W at 4.2 K. Exemplary room temperature and cryogenic S-parameter, transient frequency (fT), time-domain, capacitance-voltage, and dc measurements of single transistors and integrated circuits fabricated by Infineon are presented, demonstrating the system's measurement capability for quantum computing and other applications.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of collimator thickness on the imaging performance of coded-aperture gamma camera.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0239695

Donghai Fan, Tingting Tan, Gangqiang Zha

{"title":"Effect of collimator thickness on the imaging performance of coded-aperture gamma camera.","authors":"Donghai Fan, Tingting Tan, Gangqiang Zha","doi":"10.1063/5.0239695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239695","url":null,"abstract":"The coded-aperture gamma camera has significant applications in the fields of space exploration, nuclear security, nuclear industry, and nuclear medicine. The coded-aperture collimator is a key component for modulating gamma rays, and its parameters are important factors to optimize the performance of gamma cameras. In this paper, the impact of collimator thickness on the fully coded field of view and angular resolution was determined through Monte Carlo simulation and experimental verification. By introducing the equivalent thickness, the conventional calculation formulas were modified to improve the calculation accuracy. In addition, the variation in the reconstructed image quality with the collimator thickness was quantitatively evaluated by the contrast-to-noise ratio and normalized mean squared error, thereby establishing the relationship between the gamma-ray transmittance and the imaging quality. The results indicate that for medium- and high-energy gamma rays, the optimal imaging quality is achieved when the gamma-ray transmittance corresponding to collimator thicknesses ranges from 12% to 16%. These research findings provide reference standards for the design of coded-aperture collimators to meet the requirements of different applications.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0