Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

{"title":"Improved you only look once 8n algorithm-based rotor attitude detection for a spherical motor.","authors":"Sili Zhou, Guoli Li, Qunjing Wang, Jiazi Xu, Haolin Li, Xiaofen Jia","doi":"10.1063/5.0239142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotor attitude detection (RAD) is one of the key technologies to control permanent magnet spherical motors (PMSpM). This paper proposes an improved you only look once v8n (YOLOv8n) based RAD method for a PMSpM. The visual image datasets collection and annotation method are described, and three different visual feature objects are set for the RAD. To increase the real-time performance of the YOLOv8n algorithm, the backbone and head of the YOLOv8n network are improved by introducing the FasterNet and c2fFaster modules. PyTorch 2.0.1 and CUDA 11.8 with Python 3.11.4 are used to conduct the verification experiments. The models are trained on both the custom PMSpM datasets and the publicly available datasets COCO 2017. The verification shows that the inference time of the improved YOLOv8n algorithm can be as short as 4.31 ms for the PMSpM custom datasets on the basis of ensuring visual object detection accuracy. Thus, the performance of the improved YOLOv8n algorithm is significantly better than that of the YOLOv8n and the multiobject Kalman kernel correlation filter (MKKCF) algorithm. The PMSpM rotor attitude can be calculated using the positional relationships of three visual objects captured by a single monocular industrial camera. To verify the precision of the proposed RAD method, the contact RAD method is taken as the benchmark for a comparison between the MKKCF-based RAD method and the improved YOLOv8n-based RAD method. Typical PMSpM spatial motion experiments demonstrate that the proposed improved YOLOv8n-based RAD method achieves higher precision than the MKKCF-based visual RAD method.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty evaluation for aneroid barometer measurement part II: \"Monte Carlo method\".","authors":"Mingming Wei, Yan Qi, Xingwang Chen, Taocheng Zhou, Jie Miao","doi":"10.1063/5.0233769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0233769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To further improve the accuracy of the measurement uncertainty evaluation results of the aneroid barometer and verify the applicability of the GUM evaluation of the aneroid barometer, the Monte Carlo method (MCM) is proposed to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the calibration results of the aneroid barometer. An improved calibration technique for the aneroid barometer was utilized in this process, yielding more precise calibration data through a meticulously designed experimental program. Subsequently, single-batch MCM and adaptive MCM (AMCM) were applied separately for evaluation, and their results were compared and analyzed against the GUM method to verify the applicability of each approach. In addition, to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the new methods, this study also conducted control evaluations using traditional methods that did not account for the effects of the coefficient box and indicator box performance. The results show that MCM is superior to the GUM method in accuracy and reliability and is also more efficient in execution. In particular, the evaluation results of single-batch MCM and AMCM are in good agreement, but AMCM shows a superior performance with fewer simulations and more efficient execution. When evaluating the uncertainty of the temperature coefficient, introducing the new method has little effect on the evaluation results; however, when evaluating the uncertainty of the indication error, introducing a new method can significantly improve the accuracy of the evaluation results. This indicates that the new method has significant advantages in improving the accuracy of the evaluation results. In addition, the GUM method was validated by MCM, and the results showed that the GUM method is still suitable for the measurement uncertainty evaluation of the indication error of the aneroid barometer. Therefore, it is recommended that MCM, especially AMCM, which is more efficient in implementation, should be preferred in the field of measurement uncertainty evaluation of the aneroid barometer; meanwhile, the GUM method, as the basic assessment method in this field, should be retained and continue to play its role.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of field-differential phase-resolved microwave magnetic spectroscopy.","authors":"William Legrand, Davit Petrosyan, Hanchen Wang, Patrick Helbingk, Richard Schlitz, Michaela Lammel, Jamal Ben Youssef, Pietro Gambardella","doi":"10.1063/5.0240518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microwave spectroscopies are central to the investigation of magnetic systems by enabling the identification of dynamical resonance modes and by providing quantitative information on key magnetic parameters. Experiments on magnetization dynamics based on inductive microwave techniques usually rely on either field-modulated power detection or phase-resolved detection using a vector network analyzer. While these two approaches bring separate advantages, they have rarely been combined together. In this work, we develop customized microwave instrumentation combining phase-resolved detection and magnetic field modulation to perform microwave spectroscopy of magnetic systems. We apply this technique to ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), where it enables a quantitative measurement of the magnetic susceptibility in systems with small volume and magnetization. This method of field-differential phase-resolved microwave magnetic spectroscopy is compared with other approaches and is shown to greatly improve the resolution of finely separated FMR peaks and the detection of small signals. Furthermore, we model and characterize comprehensively the inductive coupling of the magnetic system to the microwave circuit, which enables a quantitative analysis of the resonance peaks and the rejection of potential errors originating from too strong permeability, imperfect impedance matching, broadening induced by field inhomogeneity, and varying sample placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AC electrical transport detection of magnetic properties of small, granular, and heterogeneous samples.","authors":"Alexander C Mark, D Phelan, N K Man, Huu T Do, Russell J Hemley","doi":"10.1063/5.0250005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental constraints and sample limitations can preclude ideal measurements of electrical transport properties of materials. In such situations, AC electrical transport methods are often employed due to a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio they can provide. However, dynamic effects that are not often accounted for may be present that may modify the signals in these measurements. In particular, dynamic filtering effects are prominent in small, granular, and heterogeneous materials. We demonstrate that a lock-in amplifier based circuit can distinguish between these DC transport and AC filtering effects. We further demonstrate that this filtering can reveal distinct signatures of magnetic transitions while providing a measure of sample quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel laser intensity stabilization and modulation method based on utilization of Zeeman-Faraday effect in atomic vapor cells.","authors":"M Karami, M Hatefi, Z Gholami Ahangaran, Z Heydarinasab, D Samadi, H Sharifi Tameh, A Tasnim, F Sarreshtedari","doi":"10.1063/5.0232227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilizing the Zeeman Faraday effect in atomic vapor cells, a novel setup is introduced both for laser intensity stabilization and laser intensity modulation. The method is based on the closed loop control of the polarization rotation angle of the laser light in an atomic vapor cell for adjustment of the laser intensity. Characterizing the implemented setup, it is shown that more than 30 dB attenuation of the optical fluctuation is achieved in the frequency range from DC to 1 kHz. Meanwhile, the laser intensity could be efficiently locked to a modulating voltage signal, which results in amplitude modulation of the laser beam. We believe that this simple method could be effectively used in different atomic physics experiments, including the stabilization of the laser intensity in applications where near resonance frequency sweeping is required or applications that contain optical modulation of lasers in lock-in detection schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an affine transformation based treatment control system for accelerator based boron neutron capture therapy.","authors":"Junliang Du, Yongquan Wang, Wenming Zhou, Yang Liu, Jinyang Li, Long Gu","doi":"10.1063/5.0228761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed and validated an adaptive treatment control system based on affine transformation for accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy. Accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy is a form of targeted radiotherapy that uses boron-10 to label tumor cells. When these boron-rich cells interact with neutrons, they produce high-linear energy transfer alpha particles and lithium-7 particles, effectively destroying the tumor cells with precision. The newly developed treatment control system integrates real-time stereoscopic x-ray imaging technology, enabling dynamic adjustments to the treatment plan by continuously monitoring changes in tumors and surrounding tissues. To optimize treatment accuracy, the system employs an affine transformation algorithm, ensuring precise dose delivery and accurate patient positioning. Positioning test results demonstrate that the system excels in its core functionality of ensuring patient positioning accuracy, significantly improving treatment adaptability while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In addition, the study introduces the accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy device independently designed and constructed by Lanzhou University. This includes a detailed description of the system's architecture, algorithms, and the principles behind its safety interlock functions. Spatial positioning tests of the device confirmed its high overall positioning accuracy, validating the system's reliability and highlighting its potential for broader applications in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical prechamber-equipped high-pressure large-bore optical combustor for fundamental combustion studies.","authors":"Daipayan Sen, Sayan Biswas","doi":"10.1063/5.0245692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An optically accessible prechamber-equipped constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) has been designed and installed at the University of Minnesota to investigate turbulent jet ignition and reacting flows. The CVCC features an optically accessible windowed prechamber, allowing the extensive study of the combustion physics inside the prechamber. The prechamber is also modular, allowing multiple internal geometries and nozzle configurations. Two pairs of optical windows in the main combustion chamber, along with a bottom window axisymmetrically viewing the prechamber nozzle, provide exceptional optical accessibility. Optical techniques such as schlieren imaging and chemiluminescence, along with laser diagnostics, can be employed to gain a fundamental understanding of turbulent jet ignition chemistry. The CVCC is designed to withstand a maximum combustion pressure of 100 bars. Multiple standardized and custom ports on the main chamber allow various fueling techniques and sensor integration. The performance and reliability of the CVCC were demonstrated through prechamber and main chamber visualization studies of nanosecond spark-assisted turbulent jet ignition. The optically accessible prechamber-CVCC setup, therefore, provides a platform for highly detailed combustion analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscosity of high temperature liquids via passive microrheology.","authors":"H Bland, A Bataller","doi":"10.1063/5.0250875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An instrument employing passive microrheology has been developed for measuring the viscosity of liquids at high temperatures. The viscometer features a dark-field optical microscope, a custom high temperature laser transmission furnace, and flame-sealed capillaries containing microsphere suspensions of test liquids. The Brownian trajectories of individual microspheres were captured in long image sequences and analyzed for their mean square displacement, which provides viscosity via the Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland relation. The viscometer was validated at room temperature with glycerol-water mixtures and at high temperature with water and molten nitrate salt. The measured viscosity was in good agreement with the literature values of each liquid across all temperatures studied (20-450 °C). The measured diffusion coefficient and liquid viscosity achieved <1% and 2%-3.3% uncertainty, respectively, where the latter was limited by the coefficient of variation of the microsphere size distribution. The viscometer could reach temperatures of up to 760 °C, <1 mL sample sizes, high throughput capability with ≈1 min acquisition time, and low cost sample vessels. Importantly, the viscometer recovers the dynamic viscosity without requiring knowledge of either material properties nor a calibration liquid.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascade-E-Yolov5s network for recognizing the ulcerative lesion subtypes in small intestinal.","authors":"Xudong Guo, Liying Pang, Lei Xu, Huiyun Zhu, Yiqi Du","doi":"10.1063/5.0235668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In endoscopy, accurately diagnosing small intestinal ulcers presents significant challenges due to the complex morphology, varying number, and extensive distribution of the lesions, which contribute to a reduced accuracy in immediate diagnosis. The definitive diagnosis typically relies on pathological analysis, laboratory investigations, and prolonged follow-up, often leading to diagnostic delays. This study introduces the Cascade-E-Yolov5s network, designed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of immediate ulcer diagnosis by intelligently identifying ulcer subtypes. The Cascade-E-Yolov5s network integrates EfficientNet for the classification of ulcer lesion images and SimAM-Yolov5s for detecting lesions on these classified images. In the SimAM-Yolov5s component, EfficientNet replaces the traditional backbone structure of Yolov5s, and enhancements such as the SIoU loss function and a simple, parameter-free attention module are incorporated to optimize model performance. The study utilized a dataset comprising 4909 ulcer images from 684 patients at Shanghai Changhai Hospital, encompassing four ulcer types: cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis, non-specific ulcer, small intestinal tuberculosis, and Crohn's disease. The experimental findings indicate that Cascade-E-Yolov5s surpasses conventional detection networks, achieving an average detection precision of 86.46% and a mean average precision at the IoU of 0.5 (mAP@0.5) of 82.20%. This model notably enhances the detection efficiency of small intestinal ulcer subtypes, thereby assisting clinicians in making more precise immediate diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-range spin wave imaging with nitrogen vacancy centers and time resolved magneto-optical measurements.","authors":"Carolina Lüthi, Lukas Colombo, Franz Vilsmeier, Christian Back","doi":"10.1063/5.0243762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0243762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spin waves, the fundamental excitations in magnetic materials, are promising candidates for realizing low-dissipation information processing in spintronics. The ability to visualize and manipulate coherent spin-wave transport is crucial for the development of spin wave-based devices. We use a recently discovered method utilizing nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, point defects in the diamond lattice, to measure spin waves in thin film magnetic insulators by detecting their magnetic stray field. We experimentally demonstrate enhanced contrast in the detected wavefront amplitudes by imaging spin waves underneath a reference stripline and phenomenologically model the results. By extracting the spin wave dispersion and comparing NV center based spin wave measurements to spin wave imaging conducted through the well-established time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect, we discuss the advantages and limitations of employing NV centers as spin wave sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}