Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

{"title":"A compact x-ray spectrometer for measurements of electron temperature distributions in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA.","authors":"P J Adrian, M Gatu Johnson, N Kabadi, C K Li, R D Petrasso, F H Séguin, G D Sutcliffe, J A Frenje","doi":"10.1063/5.0233330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0233330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Wedge Range Filter (WRF), commonly used for proton spectroscopy at the OMEGA Laser Facility and National Ignition Facility, is adapted to measure the x-ray continuum spectrum through transmission measurement using a continuous-gradient filter. Continuum x rays emitted from the hotspot of an implosion contain information about the plasma composition and electron temperature. The WRF data are leveraged to probe this distribution, specifically the electron temperature distribution. In this work, the data recorded with the WRF are forward modeled using a temperature distribution model folded with the WRF response function. An uncertainty analysis is conducted through a Bayesian regression algorithm using a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler. This analysis enables the uncertainties in the instrument response to be folded into the uncertainty estimation of the electron temperature and absolute x-ray emission. Data analysis for a series of OMEGA implosions is presented and compared with radiation hydrodynamic simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of copper former on the DC and AC transmission losses for conductor on round core cables.","authors":"Liangyu Wei, Jun Zhou, Cong Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0249732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conductor on round core (CORC) cables have become one of the most promising superconducting cables for power applications. AC loss is a crucial parameter in determining cryogenic maintenance costs. In this work, CORC cable models were built, and the effects of copper formers with different wall thicknesses on the critical current measurements and AC transition loss were studied. It was found that the voltage on the copper former emerged when the total applied currents were below the critical current, Ic, of the cable sample, causing a DC loss as high as 3.3 mW/cm within the former for the original cable samples. An improved approach by secondary soldering is proposed to eliminate voltage in the copper former for the reason that the secondary-soldering reduced contact resistance, thereby facilitating the current transfer from the former to CCs. AC loss of copper formers shows highly frequency dependent behavior with increased wall thickness because of the skin effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the AC losses of CORC cable samples with copper formers of different wall thicknesses are all frequency dependent. The AC loss of the sample with a copper bar is larger than that with a copper tube of the same diameter at low frequencies, while the contrary behavior is observed at high frequencies, suggesting copper tubes as former cores are good for CORC cables to reduce the AC loss at low frequencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compact multi-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric motor with large travel capability.","authors":"Syed Asad Maqbool, Muhammad Touqeer, Behnam Esmaeilzadeh, Shiwei Yang, Wenjie Meng, Jihao Wang, Qiyuan Feng, Yubin Hou, Qingyou Lu","doi":"10.1063/5.0240886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study introduces a novel multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) piezoelectric motor (PEM) for high precision and a 10 × 10 mm2 large travel range within a rigid and compact structure (33 × 33 × 30 mm3). The motor consists of four piezoelectric tubes (PTs) arranged and mounted parallel to each other to enable controlled movement along both the X and Y axes by using a sawtooth waveform with a time-delay control strategy. The design features a moving plate clamped between two upper and two lower sapphire balls, with the balls supported by CuBe springs, ensuring symmetric and precise movement. Applying individual driving signals to each PT induces bending deformation sequentially in the same direction, followed by simultaneous recovery to the original position, thereby enabling the movement of the moving plate. Experimental results demonstrated that the motor operated effectively at a signal frequency of 150 Hz, with a minimum driving voltage of 18 V required for detectable motion. The motor exhibited the capability to produce step sizes from 0.53 to 6.23 µm with a linear relationship between driving voltage (±30 to ±180 V) and step size, ensuring consistent performance. The hysteresis analysis revealed minimal energy loss, with hysteresis ratios of 5.2% on the X axis and 4.16% on the Y axis, indicating the motor's high precision and efficiency. Additionally, the motor sustained a load of 120 g while traversing a 10 × 10 mm2 area, and continuous operation for 12 h revealed no significant performance degradation. The compact and reliable design of this novel MDOF PEM holds potential for applications in confined spaces, such as small-bore superconducting magnets, enabling precise large-area atomic resolution imaging and magnetic property measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a robotic calibration system for the motional Stark effect diagnostic on the EAST tokamak.","authors":"H Q Deng, J Fu, Y Yang, Y C Li, S Y Fu, Z C Lin, H J Ji, D A Lu, Y F Jin, H M Zhang, F D Wang, J P Qian, R Ding, B Lyu","doi":"10.1063/5.0255375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic is one of the key methods for measuring the current density distribution in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. On the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, a calibration system based on a collaborative robot has been developed to enhance the accuracy of the calibration work during the maintenance period. This robotic calibration system uses a camera to automatically capture the observation sightlines and generates polarized light with an accuracy of ∼0.5 mdeg. Additionally, it records the MSE diagnostic response at each angle of polarized light perpendicular to the sightlines. This process supports the rapid sightline geometric calibration and facilitates the collection of polarization responses across various spatial positions and angles, even within the complex environment of the tokamak vacuum vessel. The new robotic calibration system significantly improves measurement precision, reduces calibration time, and provides high-quality calibration data. The maximum fitting deviation of the polarization angle has been reduced to less than 0.2°.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a multi-channel mm-wave interferometer for the versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST).","authors":"J Wang, J H Byun, S-H Seo, D J Lee, Y U Nam, J-W Juhn, K D Lee, M K Kim, Y S Hwang, C Sung","doi":"10.1063/5.0255544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 94 GHz single-channel interferometer at the versatile experiment spherical torus has been upgraded into a multi-channel heterodyne interferometer for electron density profile measurements. Five Gaussian beam chords generated by a pair of Powell lenses and collimating lenses are vertically spaced at 75 mm intervals from the midplane to the lower part of the main chamber. The beams passing through the plasma are received at a detector array consisting of a half-wave rotator and modules consisting of an integrated lens antenna and mixer. The local oscillator beam is expanded by another pair of Powell lenses and received at the detector array as well. The signal frequencies are down-converted to 10-70 MHz intermediate frequencies, and then their phases are converted into line-integrated electron densities. The optical system was optimized using Gaussian beam approximation and the optics design tool, CODE V. For the commissioning of the complete system, a single-channel setup was first tested and verified by comparing the results with a V-band frequency sweeping interferometer. The data from five channels were then obtained and compared with the time trace obtained by 1 kHz Thomson scattering at the midplane of the plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved you only look once 8n algorithm-based rotor attitude detection for a spherical motor.","authors":"Sili Zhou, Guoli Li, Qunjing Wang, Jiazi Xu, Haolin Li, Xiaofen Jia","doi":"10.1063/5.0239142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotor attitude detection (RAD) is one of the key technologies to control permanent magnet spherical motors (PMSpM). This paper proposes an improved you only look once v8n (YOLOv8n) based RAD method for a PMSpM. The visual image datasets collection and annotation method are described, and three different visual feature objects are set for the RAD. To increase the real-time performance of the YOLOv8n algorithm, the backbone and head of the YOLOv8n network are improved by introducing the FasterNet and c2fFaster modules. PyTorch 2.0.1 and CUDA 11.8 with Python 3.11.4 are used to conduct the verification experiments. The models are trained on both the custom PMSpM datasets and the publicly available datasets COCO 2017. The verification shows that the inference time of the improved YOLOv8n algorithm can be as short as 4.31 ms for the PMSpM custom datasets on the basis of ensuring visual object detection accuracy. Thus, the performance of the improved YOLOv8n algorithm is significantly better than that of the YOLOv8n and the multiobject Kalman kernel correlation filter (MKKCF) algorithm. The PMSpM rotor attitude can be calculated using the positional relationships of three visual objects captured by a single monocular industrial camera. To verify the precision of the proposed RAD method, the contact RAD method is taken as the benchmark for a comparison between the MKKCF-based RAD method and the improved YOLOv8n-based RAD method. Typical PMSpM spatial motion experiments demonstrate that the proposed improved YOLOv8n-based RAD method achieves higher precision than the MKKCF-based visual RAD method.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty evaluation for aneroid barometer measurement part II: \"Monte Carlo method\".","authors":"Mingming Wei, Yan Qi, Xingwang Chen, Taocheng Zhou, Jie Miao","doi":"10.1063/5.0233769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0233769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To further improve the accuracy of the measurement uncertainty evaluation results of the aneroid barometer and verify the applicability of the GUM evaluation of the aneroid barometer, the Monte Carlo method (MCM) is proposed to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the calibration results of the aneroid barometer. An improved calibration technique for the aneroid barometer was utilized in this process, yielding more precise calibration data through a meticulously designed experimental program. Subsequently, single-batch MCM and adaptive MCM (AMCM) were applied separately for evaluation, and their results were compared and analyzed against the GUM method to verify the applicability of each approach. In addition, to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the new methods, this study also conducted control evaluations using traditional methods that did not account for the effects of the coefficient box and indicator box performance. The results show that MCM is superior to the GUM method in accuracy and reliability and is also more efficient in execution. In particular, the evaluation results of single-batch MCM and AMCM are in good agreement, but AMCM shows a superior performance with fewer simulations and more efficient execution. When evaluating the uncertainty of the temperature coefficient, introducing the new method has little effect on the evaluation results; however, when evaluating the uncertainty of the indication error, introducing a new method can significantly improve the accuracy of the evaluation results. This indicates that the new method has significant advantages in improving the accuracy of the evaluation results. In addition, the GUM method was validated by MCM, and the results showed that the GUM method is still suitable for the measurement uncertainty evaluation of the indication error of the aneroid barometer. Therefore, it is recommended that MCM, especially AMCM, which is more efficient in implementation, should be preferred in the field of measurement uncertainty evaluation of the aneroid barometer; meanwhile, the GUM method, as the basic assessment method in this field, should be retained and continue to play its role.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of field-differential phase-resolved microwave magnetic spectroscopy.","authors":"William Legrand, Davit Petrosyan, Hanchen Wang, Patrick Helbingk, Richard Schlitz, Michaela Lammel, Jamal Ben Youssef, Pietro Gambardella","doi":"10.1063/5.0240518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microwave spectroscopies are central to the investigation of magnetic systems by enabling the identification of dynamical resonance modes and by providing quantitative information on key magnetic parameters. Experiments on magnetization dynamics based on inductive microwave techniques usually rely on either field-modulated power detection or phase-resolved detection using a vector network analyzer. While these two approaches bring separate advantages, they have rarely been combined together. In this work, we develop customized microwave instrumentation combining phase-resolved detection and magnetic field modulation to perform microwave spectroscopy of magnetic systems. We apply this technique to ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), where it enables a quantitative measurement of the magnetic susceptibility in systems with small volume and magnetization. This method of field-differential phase-resolved microwave magnetic spectroscopy is compared with other approaches and is shown to greatly improve the resolution of finely separated FMR peaks and the detection of small signals. Furthermore, we model and characterize comprehensively the inductive coupling of the magnetic system to the microwave circuit, which enables a quantitative analysis of the resonance peaks and the rejection of potential errors originating from too strong permeability, imperfect impedance matching, broadening induced by field inhomogeneity, and varying sample placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AC electrical transport detection of magnetic properties of small, granular, and heterogeneous samples.","authors":"Alexander C Mark, D Phelan, N K Man, Huu T Do, Russell J Hemley","doi":"10.1063/5.0250005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental constraints and sample limitations can preclude ideal measurements of electrical transport properties of materials. In such situations, AC electrical transport methods are often employed due to a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio they can provide. However, dynamic effects that are not often accounted for may be present that may modify the signals in these measurements. In particular, dynamic filtering effects are prominent in small, granular, and heterogeneous materials. We demonstrate that a lock-in amplifier based circuit can distinguish between these DC transport and AC filtering effects. We further demonstrate that this filtering can reveal distinct signatures of magnetic transitions while providing a measure of sample quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel laser intensity stabilization and modulation method based on utilization of Zeeman-Faraday effect in atomic vapor cells.","authors":"M Karami, M Hatefi, Z Gholami Ahangaran, Z Heydarinasab, D Samadi, H Sharifi Tameh, A Tasnim, F Sarreshtedari","doi":"10.1063/5.0232227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilizing the Zeeman Faraday effect in atomic vapor cells, a novel setup is introduced both for laser intensity stabilization and laser intensity modulation. The method is based on the closed loop control of the polarization rotation angle of the laser light in an atomic vapor cell for adjustment of the laser intensity. Characterizing the implemented setup, it is shown that more than 30 dB attenuation of the optical fluctuation is achieved in the frequency range from DC to 1 kHz. Meanwhile, the laser intensity could be efficiently locked to a modulating voltage signal, which results in amplitude modulation of the laser beam. We believe that this simple method could be effectively used in different atomic physics experiments, including the stabilization of the laser intensity in applications where near resonance frequency sweeping is required or applications that contain optical modulation of lasers in lock-in detection schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}