Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第3页

Dynamic characterization of a slug calorimeter via transfer function modeling. 通过传递函数建模的段塞量热计的动态特性。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0288020

Xuehui Zhang, Chundong Xu, Deren Kong, Zhenyu Xiong

{"title":"Dynamic characterization of a slug calorimeter via transfer function modeling.","authors":"Xuehui Zhang, Chundong Xu, Deren Kong, Zhenyu Xiong","doi":"10.1063/5.0288020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0288020","url":null,"abstract":"In order to quantify the dynamic characteristics of the slug calorimeter, based on the linear time-invariant system theory, the heat conduction process and temperature measurement subsystem of the sensitive element are modeled, respectively, and the dynamic response characteristics of the calorimeter are characterized by the frequency characteristics of the transfer function. The heat conduction differential equation of the sensitive element under the input of step heat flux density is established, and the analytical solution of the time domain response of the rear wall temperature is derived. Then, the transfer function between heat flux input and rear wall temperature output is obtained by using the unit impulse response method. On this basis, the transfer function of the complete measurement system is constructed by connecting the transfer functions of the temperature measurement system in series. A prototype calorimeter is developed, and the sensitivity calibration experiment is completed on the laser heat flux calibration system, which verifies the correctness of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the passband width of the sensitive element is proportional to the thermal conductivity of the material and inversely proportional to the square of the thickness. The dynamic characteristics of the temperature measurement system have a significant impact on the overall frequency response. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of heat capacity calorimeter with high dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A repetitive high voltage pulse generator based on a novel racetrack Blumlein type pulse forming line. 基于新型赛道Blumlein型脉冲形成线的重复高压脉冲发生器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0279322

Zilong Pan, Xinbing Cheng, Rong Chen, Hanwen Zhang, Rupei Li, Renjie Zhang, Baoliang Qian

{"title":"A repetitive high voltage pulse generator based on a novel racetrack Blumlein type pulse forming line.","authors":"Zilong Pan, Xinbing Cheng, Rong Chen, Hanwen Zhang, Rupei Li, Renjie Zhang, Baoliang Qian","doi":"10.1063/5.0279322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0279322","url":null,"abstract":"High voltage pulse generators are widely applied in high power microwave, plasma generation, material processing, and scientific research. Pulse forming lines are widely applied in high voltage pulse generators due to their high energy density and great ability with square waveform modulation. To get a higher energy transfer efficiency and lower characteristic impedance, a novel racetrack Blumlein type pulse forming line (R-BPFL) that is formed by two inner cylinders, two middle cylinders, and one outer cylinder is proposed in this paper. Moreover, repetitive operation is significant for pulse generators. Therefore, this paper proposes a high repetitive primary energy storage system incorporating an energy recovery circuit precisely controlled by three thyristors. A parameter optimization methodology is developed through theoretical analysis to simultaneously satisfy both high-frequency operation requirements and maximum compactness. Finally, a repetitive high voltage pulse generator based on the designed R-BPFL and primary energy storage system is constructed and tested. The experimental results show that the generator designed in this paper had an output power of 10.5 GW on a 40 Ω load, a pulse width of about 115 ns, a repetition rate of 20 Hz, and supported 640 pulses in one run.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance laser system for compact cold-atom optical clock. 紧凑型冷原子光学时钟的高性能激光系统。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0288490

Binghong Yu, Bowen Yang, Haojie Zhao, Meifeng Ye, Yuhan Yan, Xuejie Li, Jinyin Wan, Jianliao Deng, Huadong Cheng

{"title":"High-performance laser system for compact cold-atom optical clock.","authors":"Binghong Yu, Bowen Yang, Haojie Zhao, Meifeng Ye, Yuhan Yan, Xuejie Li, Jinyin Wan, Jianliao Deng, Huadong Cheng","doi":"10.1063/5.0288490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0288490","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a straightforward frequency-locking technique that employs external modulation saturation absorption spectroscopy to achieve a high-performance 780 nm laser system. By externally modulating the laser frequency through a fiber electro-optic modulator, this scheme can stabilize multiple transitions of the 87Rb D2 line with excellent performance. Experimental results establish fractional frequency instability of 2.21 × 10-13 at 1 s with a linewidth of 1.46 kHz for the cycling transition 5S1/2(Fg = 2) → 5P3/2(Fe = 3). Notably, we have locked the system to the repumping transition 5S1/2(Fg = 1) → 5P3/2(Fe = 2), achieving a record-low instability of 1.98 × 10-12 at 1 s averaging time. This simplified laser system, featuring exceptional short-term frequency stability and multi-frequency locking capability, serves as a critical subsystem for the compact cold-atom optical clock, enabling advanced precision metrology applications. Furthermore, its metrological performance enables immediate applications in other quantum sensors, such as Rydberg electrometry, atomic magnetometry, and matter-wave interferometry.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow visualization in CO2 two-phase ejector in refrigeration system. 制冷系统中CO2两相喷射器的流动显示。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0249476

Linan Guan, Zherui Chen, Jingyue Sun, Yan Qin, Cong Chen, Bo Dong, Weizhong Li

引用次数: 0

An experimental verification of a double torsion pendulum as a technique for the measurement of cross coupling in gravitational reference sensors for space-based gravitational wave detectors. 双扭摆作为天基引力波探测器重力参考传感器交叉耦合测量技术的实验验证。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0257954

Yu-You Duan, Ling-Hao Ai, Bing-Jie Wang, Shan-Qing Yang, Lin Zhu, Jia-Hao Xu, Qi Liu

引用次数: 0

Design, fabrication new structures of thin-film probes for plasma magnetic field diagnostics. 等离子体磁场诊断用薄膜探针结构的设计、制造。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0289878

Zhi Li, Lingfeng Lu, Chaofeng Gu, Hao Liu, Hong Zhang, Chenyu Liao, Hanchen Li, Chenggonghang Zhou, Huaiqing Zhang

{"title":"Design, fabrication new structures of thin-film probes for plasma magnetic field diagnostics.","authors":"Zhi Li, Lingfeng Lu, Chaofeng Gu, Hao Liu, Hong Zhang, Chenyu Liao, Hanchen Li, Chenggonghang Zhou, Huaiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0289878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0289878","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate magnetic field diagnostics are critical for understanding plasma behavior in magnetically confined fusion devices. While conventional inductive probes are widely used, their hand winding construction leads to limitations in mechanical stability and measurement reproducibility. This study presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of advanced thin-film magnetic probes utilizing microfabrication techniques to overcome these limitations. Through systematic electromagnetic simulations in Computer Simulation Technology, we evaluated three coil geometries and identified the circular configuration as optimal, exhibiting superior frequency response characteristics. Based on these results, we developed three innovative probe architectures: differential, parallel, and three-dimensional array configurations. The probes were fabricated via magnetron sputtering on alumina ceramic substrates. Extensive calibration experiments demonstrated remarkable agreement (<5% deviation) between simulation predictions and measurements obtained from both vector network analysis and impedance analysis, which validates our simulations. The differential configuration exhibited superior performance with ±1% accuracy in magnetic fields exceeding 0.003 T. This precision is maintained toward the 0.01-0.1 T range, which is relevant for measuring the poloidal magnetic field and its fluctuations in the HL-3 tokamak. These results demonstrate that the thin-film probes offer significant advantages in spatial resolution, measurement reproducibility, and frequency bandwidth compared to the conventional designs, making them particularly suitable for advanced plasma diagnostics in fusion research.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Static characterization of a highly optimized streak tube design incorporating a steering slot anode and an aberration-corrected Einzel lens. 一个高度优化的条纹管设计的静态特性，包括一个转向槽阳极和一个像差校正的Einzel透镜。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0287750

A E Raymond, N Pelepchan, J Hassett, R Boni

{"title":"Static characterization of a highly optimized streak tube design incorporating a steering slot anode and an aberration-corrected Einzel lens.","authors":"A E Raymond, N Pelepchan, J Hassett, R Boni","doi":"10.1063/5.0287750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0287750","url":null,"abstract":"The BHx streak tube, under development at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, incorporates a series of novel electron-optics elements to enable high fidelity measurements for high-energy-density physics experiments. The system is engineered to support a 25-mm active photocathode region compatible with sub-picosecond temporal resolution and with 70% internal photoelectron throughput. It exhibits negligible geometric distortion on a flat output screen, making it well suited for variety of measurements, such as ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy. This paper presents characterization data from a prototype unit tested with an ultraviolet laser in a static deflection (non-swept) mode and shows good agreement with the predictions from numerical modeling, including focusing performance and geometric distortion measurements. Key design elements have been demonstrated and de-risked, laying the foundation for dynamic deflection testing. The anticipated improvements in data fidelity are expected to impact the fields as diverse as inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and materials science.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an adjustable rectangular pulse electrical overstress test system for electronic device robustness and dynamic response characterization. 电子器件稳健性和动态响应特性可调矩形脉冲电超应力测试系统的研制。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0278556

Yanan Wang, Yuheng He, Minghao Wang, Shushu Zeng, Weidong Ding

{"title":"Development of an adjustable rectangular pulse electrical overstress test system for electronic device robustness and dynamic response characterization.","authors":"Yanan Wang, Yuheng He, Minghao Wang, Shushu Zeng, Weidong Ding","doi":"10.1063/5.0278556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0278556","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing incidence of electrical overstress (EOS) failures in electronic devices, investigating the behavioral characteristics of integrated circuits under long-pulse-width and DC electrical stress is crucial for enhancing product reliability. Conventional surge stress tests are primarily pass/fail-oriented and lack dedicated research-grade methodologies and instruments for analyzing device behavior under prolonged pulse width and high current, hindering the establishment of a quantitative basis for top-down EOS protection design. In this study, we present an EOS test system with multiple adjustable parameters to simulate diverse EOS conditions. Under a 50 Ω matched load, the EOS simulator achieves a minimum rise time of 8 ns (adjustable to longer durations), a voltage amplitude of 50 V, and a square-wave pulse width tunable from 5 µs to DC. The maximum output current amplitude varies with pulse width, reaching up to 540 A under short-circuit conditions with a 300 µs pulse width. The system is utilized to perform experiments on a transient voltage suppressor, revealing previously unobserved triggering behavior under long-pulse-width stress and elucidating its failure process and the failure threshold curve. Furthermore, an efficient test methodology for such conditions is proposed. This system supports comprehensive device characterization, transient behavior analysis, behavioral modeling, and systematic EOS protection design.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The performance and analysis of the TianQin station during its first full moon ranging. 天琴站首次满月测距的性能与分析。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0262755

A Xida Han, B Hui Li, C XuDong Lin, D XianLin Wu, E ShanQing Yang, F Yi Dai, G Ming Li, H ZhiGang Wu

引用次数: 0

Low-noise and compact detection system using RF MEMS switch for solid-state NMR spectroscopy at cryogenic temperature: Proof-of-concept experiment. 低噪音和紧凑的检测系统使用射频MEMS开关固态核磁共振波谱在低温：概念验证实验。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0284141

Sotaro Nishioka, Naoki Sakuyama, Ken Obara, Akiko T Saito, Mitsuharu Yashima, Hidekazu Mukuda

{"title":"Low-noise and compact detection system using RF MEMS switch for solid-state NMR spectroscopy at cryogenic temperature: Proof-of-concept experiment.","authors":"Sotaro Nishioka, Naoki Sakuyama, Ken Obara, Akiko T Saito, Mitsuharu Yashima, Hidekazu Mukuda","doi":"10.1063/5.0284141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0284141","url":null,"abstract":"In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the signal from nuclear spins is extremely weak, and thus, it has been desired to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this study, we designed a compact low-noise probe and peripheral detection system optimized for low-temperature solid-state NMR spectroscopy. We confirmed the operation of a Tx/Rx switch composed of radio frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) switches and a preamplifier using high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), which can operate even at 20 K and under a high magnetic field of ∼10 T. In our compactly designed NMR system, we succeeded in sufficiently reducing both thermal noise and external noise. As a result, the 195Pt- and 27Al-NMR measurements for Pt and Al solid powder samples were performed at 12 T and down to 20 K, showing that the SNR was improved by 40%-50% compared with the conventional system. These experiments also provide information on the low temperature properties and operational characteristics of integrated RF electronic devices, such as the RF MEMS switch, the HEMT, and their combined circuit system.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0