Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

{"title":"OpenFMR: An open-source broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectrometer.","authors":"Tiago de Oliveira Schneider, Shalini Sharma, Amir Khan, Markus Meinert","doi":"10.1063/5.0241406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectrometer for scientific and educational applications with a frequency range of up to 30 GHz. It is built with components available off-the-shelf, utilizes 3D printed parts for sample holders and support structures, and requires little assembly. A PCB design for the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is presented and analyzed. We further include a software suite for command-line or script driven data acquisition, a graphical user interface, and a graphical data analysis program. The capabilities of the system design are demonstrated with measurements on ferromagnetic thin films with a thickness of 1 nm. All designs and scripts are published under the GNU GPL v3.0 license.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact beam position monitor using a segmented toroidal coil.","authors":"F Abusaif, F Hinder, A Nass, J Pretz, F Rathmann, H Soltner, D Shergelashvili, R Suvarna, F Trinkel","doi":"10.1063/5.0240076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An inductive compact beam position monitor based on a segmented toroidal coil surrounding the charged particle beam has been investigated. It makes use of the induced voltages in the windings instead of the induced charge imbalance on capacitor plates in the popular beam position monitors. We theoretically investigate the response of the coils to the bunched particle beam based on a lumped-element model and compare it to the measurements in the laboratory and in the storage ring COSY in terms of beam displacement. As to the frequency response of the coils, we find a resonant behavior, which may be exploited to further increase the sensitivity of the device. The resolution presently achieved is about 5 μm in a 1 s time interval for a beam current of 0.5 mA.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incident beam optics optimization for the single crystal neutron diffractometer Pioneer with a polarized beam option.","authors":"Yaohua Liu, Peter Torres","doi":"10.1063/5.0259079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0259079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pioneer, a next-generation single-crystal neutron diffractometer, is under development for Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Second Target Station. Designed to address a wide range of scientific questions, Pioneer will deliver homogeneous neutron beams with customizable size and divergence and provide a polarized beam option. This article introduces its incident beam optics, highlighting the optimization methodology and the simulated performance. Pioneer will utilize a modified elliptical-straight guide for neutron transport and deploy slit packages and insertable apertures to control beam size and divergence. The optimized guide geometry matches the optimal-and-full-sample-illumination condition, and the beam control system effectively filters out unwanted neutrons while preserving the desired ones. In addition, we have found that polygon-approximated guides provide satisfactory transport efficiency and beam homogeneity, eliminating the need for truly curved guides. To enhance neutronics performance and reduce cost, the coatings of supermirror elements are individually optimized to the lowest half-integer m-values that are sufficient to deliver the desired neutrons. After evaluating polarizing V-cavities and 3He spin filters over the default polarized wavelength band of 1.2-5.5 Å, we selected a translatable multichannel polarizing V-cavity as the incident beam polarizer. Strategically placed at a location where the beam divergence is low and a large in-guide gap has negligible impact on transport efficiency, the optimized V-cavity achieves an average P2T of ∼35%.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of the lateral spring constant for a custom T-shaped atomic force microscopy probe.","authors":"Zhimu Yang, Rui Xu, Dongchao Zhao, Yifan Li, Wei Yu, Jianli Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0249211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile tool for investigating nanotribology, where the probe's lateral spring constant is a critical parameter. This work introduced a method to calibrate the lateral spring constant of a T-shaped probe integrated into a custom AFM system. An expression for the lateral spring constant of the probe was derived by correlating the probe's lateral bending and torsional resonance frequencies with its reduced masses and moments of inertia. In the experiment, electrochemical etching was utilized to gradually reduce the mass of the probe tip. The probe's resonance was excited using three piezoelectric techniques, allowing the measurement of resonance frequencies across different vibration modes. Finite element analysis was performed to predict the lateral spring constants of probes with varying dimensions, confirming the reliability of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experimental study of piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with variable pitch beam.","authors":"Tianbing Ma, Yuqing Ouyang, Fei Du, Rui Shi, Ziliang Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0237652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In view of the shortcomings of wired sensing equipment used by roadheaders, such as difficult power supply and difficult to replace power supply under complex working conditions, the vibration signal of the cutting part of a roadheader is collected and analyzed by using the environmental characteristics of strong working vibration of a roadheader, and a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with variable pitch beam is proposed. Based on theory and simulation, experimental verification was carried out to explore the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the energy harvester. Through the application experiments of the energy trapping structure and interface circuit array installation, the feasibility of the energy trap to supply power to the wireless sensing node of the roadheader is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the designed array energy harvester has a higher voltage output at 13-15 Hz, and a better output effect at 70 kΩ load, with an output power of 5.6 mW. Finally, the power supply experiment of the energy trap is carried out to verify that the designed energy trap meets the power supply requirements of the low-power acceleration sensing node and is highly matched with the vibration signal characteristics of the roadheader under working conditions, and the energy acquisition efficiency is higher, which is of great significance for the health monitoring of the underground roadheader.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High power UV lasers employing elliptically focusing enhancement cavities.","authors":"J Gumm, D Schwarz, T Walther","doi":"10.1063/5.0253513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous wave UV lasers have a plethora of applications in many fields, among others, laser spectroscopy, atom trapping, and other related areas. We present a high power continuous wave UV laser system based on twofold second harmonic generation of IR radiation for cooling bunched relativistic ion beams and laser spectroscopy with an output power exceeding 2.4 W in the UV range. Laser operation in the UV regime is often limited by degradation of β-barium borate (BBO) due to two-photon absorption (TPA). We were able to overcome this issue with a novel design of an elliptically focusing enhancement cavity employing commercially available BBO as the nonlinear medium. Building on previous results, we implemented a novel elliptically focusing enhancement cavity featuring an extreme waist ratio of w0,sag/w0,tan = 27.5 at the center of the BBO crystal, aiming to further reduce the peak intensity. This paper details the results as well as our advanced locking scheme for the enhancement cavities for both second harmonic generation steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty evaluation for aneroid barometer measurement. Part I. \"Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement method\".","authors":"Mingming Wei, Chunhua Wen, Yinbao Cheng, Shun Yao, Ling Hong, Taocheng Zhou","doi":"10.1063/5.0233766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0233766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing the oversight in the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for traditional aneroid barometers, where the performance of calibration equipment (in particular, the temperature coefficient calibration box, henceforth termed the coefficient box, and the indication calibration box, referred to as the indication box) and the uncertainty associated with the temperature coefficient are frequently neglected, this paper introduces an enhanced evaluation framework. The objective of this framework is to achieve a more precise evaluation of measurement uncertainty and to enhance the accuracy of calibration outcomes. Initially, a comprehensive calibration methodology is devised, accounting for the impact of the coefficient box's performance on the temperature coefficient and the influence of the indication box's performance on the indication error. By executing this methodology, detailed empirical test data are procured. Subsequently, incorporating various factors that affect the measurement outcomes, the measurement uncertainty is evaluated utilizing the collected data. The evaluation results reveal that the uncertainty of the temperature coefficient is U = 0.004 hPa/°C (k = 2), and the uncertainty of the indication error is U = 0.12 hPa (k = 2). For comparison, the traditional calibration approach yields an uncertainty of the temperature coefficient of U = 0.004 hPa/°C (k = 2) and an uncertainty of the indication error of U = 0.09 hPa (k = 2). Through a comparative analysis, it is evident that the coefficient box's performance has little effect on the temperature coefficient's uncertainty; however, neglecting the performance of the indication box and the temperature coefficient's uncertainty can result in the evaluation of the indication error's uncertainty deviating from actuality. Consequently, it is recommended that the effects of the indication box's performance and the temperature coefficient's uncertainty be thoroughly considered when evaluating the measurement uncertainty of an aneroid barometer's indication error. By doing so, more authentic and reliable evaluation results can be obtained, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of the aneroid barometer's calibration outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotary microwave applicator for rapid drying and uniform heating.","authors":"Hsien-Wen Chao, Hung-Chun Hsu, Chun-Jui Chang, Jun-Yan Jiang, Tsun-Hsu Chang","doi":"10.1063/5.0242106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing demand for sustainable fuel solutions and efficient waste management, biofuels have emerged as a vital renewable fuel resource. This study presents a rotary microwave applicator designed to rapidly dry high-moisture biofuel materials, such as brewers' spent grain and sorghum distillery residue, by utilizing recycled factory waste. The applicator leverages microwave technology to achieve efficient moisture removal through selective heating of polar molecules, supporting resource efficiency manufacturing while addressing the heat accumulation issues prevalent in conventional methods. In addition, the system demonstrated consistent and uniform heating, as evidenced by the even roasting of coffee beans, which exhibited nearly no color variation inside and out. This uniform heating capability enhances the drying process and overall processing efficiency in biomass fuel applications. The results underscore the potential of this microwave applicator to advance biomass fuel production and contribute to more sustainable fuel manufacturing processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-compact piezoelectric motor with self-satisfied symmetry for enhanced performance.","authors":"Yalong Yang, Shengxin Cheng, Qingyou Lu, Zihao Li, Shuai Dong, Wenjie Meng, Xulai Zhu, Jihao Wang, Yubin Hou, Yalin Lu","doi":"10.1063/5.0246031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0246031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symmetry and compactness of the structure has a considerable impact on the properties of piezoelectric motors, including step size, threshold voltage, and effective length. This is particularly evident in motors driven by the inertia principle. Asymmetric and eccentric designs have been observed to result in greater deflections and wobbling during operation, which in turn leads to additional energy loss derived from the energy generated by piezoelectric deformation and further impedes enhancements in overall compactness. In order to address this issue, we present an inertial piezoelectric motor that offers high stability and adaptive symmetry in this paper. The motor's structure ensures that the four edges of the sliding shaft always remain tangent to the inner wall of the piezoelectric tube, thereby achieving a uniform distribution of pressure and friction while ensuring the motor's self-satisfying symmetry and coaxial alignment. The effective length of the piezoelectric motor is only 9 mm, which is just 30% of the length of a conventional inertial piezoelectric motor, exemplifying a remarkably high degree of compactness. With a step size ranging from 0.1 to 1 μm at room temperature and a threshold voltage of about 30 V, these motors are small, simple, and extremely compact, demonstrating significant potential for applications in scanning tunneling microscopes used in narrow and confined spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy distribution and dissipation characteristics in a 12-stage linear-transformer-driver facility.","authors":"Zhenyu Wang, Jian Wu, Tianxiao Cheng, Fengju Sun, Xiaofeng Jiang, Zhiguo Wang, Penghui Li, Hao Wei, Zhigang Liu, Xingwen Li, Aici Qiu","doi":"10.1063/5.0235213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linear transformer driver (LTD) is one of the promising technologies for the next-generation petawatt Z-pinch facility. Mismatch between the driver and load can cause energy reflections, resulting in more energy being dissipated in the LTD and causing damage to the devices. An equivalent circuit model based on a 12-stage LTD facility under different operating conditions was established and validated through experimental results over a relatively long time (∼2 μs). Then, circuit simulations were carried out to explore energy distribution under various load impedances, particularly focusing on the reflected energy to the LTD. The simulation results were used to predict capacitor lifetimes in discharge bricks, analyze output gap electric field strengths, and evaluate protective measures for LTD devices. The results with constant load impedance indicate that a near-matched load impedance can dissipate over 83% of the energy in the load region upon its first arrival, significantly higher than that in short-circuit or open-circuit scenarios (less than 1%). However, in practical experiments, the dynamic load is often closer to a short-circuit condition, resulting in LTD devices operating under more strenuous conditions. This is characterized by faster discharge frequencies (f > 1 MHz), higher voltage reversal factors (Q > 2), and stronger electric field strengths across output gaps (>40 kV/cm), all of which may lead to insulation failures or reduced lifetime of LTDs. Increasing the length of the coaxial water transmission line is expected to enhance device longevity and reduce insulation failure risks, offering valuable insights into optimizing design of LTD-based facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}