Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第4页

Fully discrete 2.5-GHz balanced homodyne detector with 66-dB common-mode rejection ratio. 具有66db共模抑制比的全离散2.5 ghz平衡纯差检测器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0321200

Shaofeng Wang, Shijun Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Ruifang Dong

引用次数: 0

Environmental chambers for thin film characterization by grazing incidence x-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. 用掠入射x射线散射和宽带介电光谱表征薄膜的环境室。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0309613

Benjamin T Ferko, Jack E Granite, Viola A Burlein, Stefan Mecking, Chinedum O Osuji, Karen I Winey

{"title":"Environmental chambers for thin film characterization by grazing incidence x-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy.","authors":"Benjamin T Ferko, Jack E Granite, Viola A Burlein, Stefan Mecking, Chinedum O Osuji, Karen I Winey","doi":"10.1063/5.0309613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0309613","url":null,"abstract":"While x-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) experiments are routinely performed in vacuum and under controlled humidity on bulk samples, in situ measurements of thin films in non-aqueous solvent vapor environments introduce additional requirements. Two controlled environmental chambers for performing grazing incidence x-ray scattering and BDS address this critical need for studying thin films in either aqueous or organic atmospheres. Both chambers enable temperature-controlled measurements under ambient conditions, flowing gas or solvent vapor, or partial pressures generated by solvent reservoirs. In situ control of temperature is achieved by attaching to an external temperature controller. To facilitate grazing incidence small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray reflectivity, the environmental chamber for grazing incidence x-ray scattering has exit angles of 2θ = 38° and 51° in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Low x-ray attenuation (∼ 10%) is achieved by using Kapton windows, and the chamber is sealed to enable use in evacuated x-ray scattering systems such as the Xenocs Xeuss 2.0. The broadband dielectric spectroscopy environmental chamber measures dipole dynamics and ionic conductivities of materials on interdigitated electrodes. Cord grip feedthroughs eliminate additional capacitance from the sample chamber and make the environmental chamber broadly compatible with electrochemical impedance spectrometers. The utility of these chambers is demonstrated on three polymeric systems with various film thicknesses, morphologies, and solvents.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of strong ultralow-phase-noise microwave fields with tunable ellipticity for ultracold polar molecules. 超冷极性分子产生具有可调谐椭圆度的强超低相位噪声微波场。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0314943

Shrestha Biswas, Sebastian Eppelt, Christian Buchberger, Xing-Yan Chen, Andreas Schindewolf, Michael Hani, Erwin Biebl, Immanuel Bloch, Xin-Yu Luo

{"title":"Generation of strong ultralow-phase-noise microwave fields with tunable ellipticity for ultracold polar molecules.","authors":"Shrestha Biswas, Sebastian Eppelt, Christian Buchberger, Xing-Yan Chen, Andreas Schindewolf, Michael Hani, Erwin Biebl, Immanuel Bloch, Xin-Yu Luo","doi":"10.1063/5.0314943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0314943","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave (MW) fields with strong field strength, ultralow phase-noise, and tunable polarization are crucial for stabilizing and manipulating ultracold polar molecules, which have emerged as a promising platform for quantum science. In this article, we present the design, characterization, and performance of a robust MW setup tailored for precise control of molecular states. This setup achieves a high electric field intensity of 6.9 kV/m in the near-field from a dual-feed waveguide antenna, enabling a Rabi frequency as high as 71 MHz for the rotational transition of sodium-potassium molecules. In addition, the low noise signal source and controlled electronics provide ultralow phase-noise and dynamically tunable polarization. Narrowband filters within the MW circuitry further reduce phase noise by more than 20 dB at 20 MHz offset frequency, ensuring prolonged one-body molecular lifetimes up to 10 s. We also show practical methods to measure the MW field strength and polarization using a simple homemade dipole probe and to characterize phase-noise down to -170 dBc/Hz using a commercial spectrum analyzer and a notch filter. Those capabilities allowed us to evaporatively cool our molecular sample to deep quantum degeneracy. Furthermore, the polarization tunability enabled the observation of field-linked resonances and facilitated the creation of field-linked tetramers. These techniques advance the study of ultracold polar molecules and broaden the potential applications of MW tools in other platforms of quantum science.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a broadband hard x-ray radiography platform for pulsed-power experiments. 用于脉冲功率实验的宽带硬x射线照相平台的研制。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0320865

H Sawada, L Chen, S Gulihar, D Gray, B Bauer, V Ivanov

{"title":"Development of a broadband hard x-ray radiography platform for pulsed-power experiments.","authors":"H Sawada, L Chen, S Gulihar, D Gray, B Bauer, V Ivanov","doi":"10.1063/5.0320865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0320865","url":null,"abstract":"We develop and demonstrate a broadband hard x-ray radiography platform at the Zebra Pulsed Power Laboratory that integrates point-projection radiography, bremsstrahlung measurements, and hard x-ray pinhole imaging, designed to diagnose current-driven, cylindrically compressed matter. Initial laser-pulsed-power coupled experiments revealed that intense background radiation generated during 1 MA Zebra current shots overwhelmed laser-produced hard x-rays, obscuring radiographic images. Using combined spectral and spatial diagnostics, we identify energetic electrons accelerated by return currents as the dominant source of background hard x-rays, with electron energies inferred to be 3-4 MeV based on Monte Carlo simulations, and demonstrate mitigation through modifications to the radiation shielding and return-current configuration. The diagnostic platform was validated using a wire-pinch hard x-ray source, allowing radiographs of static 1-mm-diameter aluminum wires to be obtained while simultaneously measuring x-ray source spectra and spatial emission distributions within a single shot. Measured wire transmission profiles were quantitatively reconstructed using radiation transport simulations that incorporate an experimentally inferred two-temperature exponential x-ray spectrum from bremsstrahlung signal analysis and spatially distributed emission sources identified by pinhole imaging. Agreement between measured and simulated transmission profiles demonstrates the validity of the radiographic and x-ray source characterization approach, establishing this diagnostic platform as a promising tool for diagnosing magnetically driven, high-density plasmas relevant to warm dense matter and inertial fusion energy research.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A plasma-injection-triggered long-spacing air gap switch for fast protection of series compensation device. 一种用于串联补偿装置快速保护的等离子注入触发长间距气隙开关。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0327176

Xiaoang Li, Ling Xiang, Simiao Chen, Zhibing Li, Ran Zhang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yin Liu, Qiaogen Zhang

{"title":"A plasma-injection-triggered long-spacing air gap switch for fast protection of series compensation device.","authors":"Xiaoang Li, Ling Xiang, Simiao Chen, Zhibing Li, Ran Zhang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yin Liu, Qiaogen Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0327176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0327176","url":null,"abstract":"The series capacitor compensation technology can improve the transmission capacity of long-distance transmission lines and the stability of the power grid. However, it faces limitations due to quick failure of the mainstream capacitor protection device, the metal oxide varistor, after multiple actions. To improve the conduction performance and service life of the fast protection device for series compensation capacitors, this paper proposes a long-spacing air gap switch (LAGS) based on double capillary discharge triggered plasma jet and focuses on the influence of microcavity structure parameters on trigger characteristics of the LAGS. The results show that the conduction performance of LAGS is optimal under the structure of a 20-25 mm long secondary cavity, a 4 or 5 mm long primary cavity, and a 10 mm thick ground electrode. Under the optimized parameters, the switch can be conducted stably for about 110 times at a 1.4 kV trigger voltage. Due to the recoil effect of the secondary cavity on the primary cavity, the primary cavity is severely eroded, which lowers the density and velocity of initial plasma, making it hard to penetrate the gap. By transforming the middle electrode into a 2-0.6 mm contracted shape, the recoil effect can be mitigated without reducing trigger energy. Therefore, at a 1.4 kV trigger voltage, the service life of the gap switch can be extended to 220 times with a less than 500 μs conduction delay. The research results indicate that a 10 cm long LAGS is expected to meet the sub-millisecond and reusable conduction requirements of the series compensation protection system.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multilayer coatings for a multichannel Wolter-like x-ray imager with large field of view and high resolution: Experimental development and study of the instrument performance. 大视场高分辨率多通道Wolter-like x射线成像仪的多层涂层：仪器性能的实验开发与研究。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0316988

N Ravinet, E Meltchakov, A Lejars, L Cibik, C Gollwitzer, T N Tran Thi, M Vallet, F Delmotte

{"title":"Multilayer coatings for a multichannel Wolter-like x-ray imager with large field of view and high resolution: Experimental development and study of the instrument performance.","authors":"N Ravinet, E Meltchakov, A Lejars, L Cibik, C Gollwitzer, T N Tran Thi, M Vallet, F Delmotte","doi":"10.1063/5.0316988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0316988","url":null,"abstract":"The Toroidal x-ray Imager (TXI) is a multi-channel x-ray imager with a pseudo-Wolter configuration, allowing a large field of view and a high resolution for plasma characterization. The imager has three energy bands centered at 8.7, 13, and 17.5 keV. We propose an innovative solution to fulfill the scientific requirements of TXI by combining two aperiodic multilayer coatings with different bandwidths, a narrowband on one mirror and a broadband on the other mirror for each channel. This article presents the experimental development of the W/SiC multilayer coatings on the toroidal mirrors of TXI. The coatings were deposited by the magnetron sputtering technique and characterized at-wavelength in the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt laboratory at BESSY II and at the ESRF synchrotron. The measurements indicate a good agreement with the simulations using a two-layer model for the W/SiC multilayers. Interfacial defects were modeled using roughness values of 0.3-0.4 nm at each interface. We also report on the final performance of the instrument, which was estimated using a ray-tracing code including a simulation of the multilayers based on the fit of experimental mirror reflectance spectra. Finally, we discuss the effect of the field of view on each criterion: the total throughput, the spectral purity, and the spatial uniformity in the detector plane for each channel of TXI.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Near-infrared multispectral light-field thermography with ambient radiation correction for wide-range temperature measurement. 近红外多光谱光场热成像与环境辐射校正用于大范围温度测量。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0313373

Chunhui Yao, Hua Fang, Fei Zeng, Yumeng Zhao, Shan Gao, Liangliang Xu, Fei Qi, Shengxian Shi

{"title":"Near-infrared multispectral light-field thermography with ambient radiation correction for wide-range temperature measurement.","authors":"Chunhui Yao, Hua Fang, Fei Zeng, Yumeng Zhao, Shan Gao, Liangliang Xu, Fei Qi, Shengxian Shi","doi":"10.1063/5.0313373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313373","url":null,"abstract":"Near-infrared multispectral light-field (NIR-MSLF) thermography was developed for wide-range temperature measurement. By integrating an optical-filter-array with a near-infrared light-field camera, the system enables single-shot acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) temperature distributions of high-temperature objects. Blackbody calibration experiments demonstrated the lower temperature threshold successfully extended to 573 K compared with that of visible multispectral light-field thermography, and errors were maintained below ±10 K over 573-1873 K. Furthermore, to address the effect of intense ambient radiation on accurate temperature calculation, a three-dimensional view-factor mapping (3D-VFM) method was proposed to quantify ambient radiation. By projecting three-dimensional geometric elements onto the pixel plane, the method derives a 2D view-factor distribution, enabling pixel-level correction of ambient radiation. The reliability of the proposed NIR-MSLF thermography and 3D-VFM method was validated through turbine blade film cooling experiments. Under various coolant flow rates, in conditions where ambient radiation may exceed the radiation from turbine blade itself, the NIR-MSLF thermography measured blade surface temperatures with deviations consistently within ±15 K when compared to the buried thermocouples.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-strategy hybrid particle swarm algorithm for magnetometer error calibration. 磁强计误差标定的多策略混合粒子群算法。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0295663

Junting Zheng, Jinxin Xu, Jiqing Fu

引用次数: 0

High-voltage nanosecond/subnanosecond pulse generators based on avalanche transistors. 基于雪崩晶体管的高压纳秒/亚纳秒脉冲发生器。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0322888

Yuchen Cheng, Qi Yuan, Bowang Cheng, Haorui Xue, Ziqiang Yin, Weidong Ding

{"title":"High-voltage nanosecond/subnanosecond pulse generators based on avalanche transistors.","authors":"Yuchen Cheng, Qi Yuan, Bowang Cheng, Haorui Xue, Ziqiang Yin, Weidong Ding","doi":"10.1063/5.0322888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0322888","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed-power technology is transitioning from military use to dual-use integration, and requirements have shifted toward higher output voltages, short rise times, high pulse-repetition frequencies (PRF), and compact, portable form factors. Because the switching device largely sets the attainable voltage, waveform fidelity, and PRF, device choice is decisive. Owing to their small size, simple drive, high-PRF capability, long lifetime, fast switching, low jitter, and ready availability, avalanche transistors (ATs) are increasingly favored. This review synthesizes methods for generating high-voltage nanosecond/subnanosecond pulses based on ATs. Generation schemes are organized as basic, composite, and pulse-stacking circuits, and their trade-offs are compared. Triggering challenges and failure mechanisms across topologies are analyzed, with emphasis on pre-stage conduction failure and current filamentation in M × N-stage Marx bank circuits. Mitigation strategies are summarized, including an auxiliary triggering topology and a triggering acceleration circuit. Representative applications are outlined-low-temperature plasma actuation, gas-switch triggering, biomedical uses, ultrawideband systems, and high-speed imaging-and prospective directions for avalanche-transistor pulse circuitry are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diamond-loaded polyimide aerogel scattering filters and their applications in astrophysical and planetary science observations. 载金刚石聚酰亚胺气凝胶散射滤光片及其在天体物理和行星科学观测中的应用。

IF 1.7 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0297862

Kyle R Helson, Carol Yan Yan Chan, Stefan Arseneau, Alyssa Barlis, Charles L Bennett, Thomas M Essinger-Hileman, Haiquan Guo, Tobias Marriage, Manuel A Quijada, Ariel E Tokarz, Stephanie L Vivod, Edward J Wollack

{"title":"Diamond-loaded polyimide aerogel scattering filters and their applications in astrophysical and planetary science observations.","authors":"Kyle R Helson, Carol Yan Yan Chan, Stefan Arseneau, Alyssa Barlis, Charles L Bennett, Thomas M Essinger-Hileman, Haiquan Guo, Tobias Marriage, Manuel A Quijada, Ariel E Tokarz, Stephanie L Vivod, Edward J Wollack","doi":"10.1063/5.0297862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0297862","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared-blocking, aerogel-based scattering filters have a broad range of potential applications in astrophysics and planetary science instruments in the far-infrared, sub-millimeter, and microwave regimes. This paper demonstrates the ability of conductively loaded, polyimide aerogel filters to meet the mechanical and science instrument requirements for several experiments, including the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor, the Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping, and the Sub-millimeter Solar Observation Lunar Volatiles Experiment. Thermal multi-physics simulations of the filters predict their performance when integrated into a cryogenic receiver. Prototype filters have survived cryogenic cycling to 4 K with no degradation in mechanical properties. Measurement of total hemispherical reflectance and transmittance as well as cryogenic tests of the aerogel filters in a full receiver context allows estimates of the integrated infrared emissivity of the filters. Knowledge of the emissivity will help instrument designers incorporate the filters into future experiments in planetary science, astrophysics, and cosmology.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0