Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第4页

Step-by-step design guide of a cryogenic three-axis vector magnet. 一步一步的设计指南的低温三轴矢量磁铁。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0270187

Gaia Da Prato, Yong Yu, Ronald Bode, Simon Gröblacher

引用次数: 0

Crossflow membrane filtration system for operando fouling characterization using transmission x-ray scattering. 横流膜过滤系统中operando污染的透射x射线散射表征。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0264117

Mostafa Nassr, Matthew R Landsman, Suzana Ivandic, Eric Schaible, Dylan McReynolds, Nathaniel A Lynd, Kristofer L Gleason, Lynn E Katz, Benny D Freeman, Gregory M Su

{"title":"Crossflow membrane filtration system for operando fouling characterization using transmission x-ray scattering.","authors":"Mostafa Nassr, Matthew R Landsman, Suzana Ivandic, Eric Schaible, Dylan McReynolds, Nathaniel A Lynd, Kristofer L Gleason, Lynn E Katz, Benny D Freeman, Gregory M Su","doi":"10.1063/5.0264117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264117","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane-based separations are widely used for wastewater treatment due to their low cost and efficiency. However, membrane fouling, which is the unwanted deposition or attachment of contaminants on membrane surfaces and/or within membrane pores, remains a major challenge as it increases the mass transfer resistance and reduces membrane productivity. Membrane fouling is typically probed by macroscopic performance metrics, such as flux decline, and ex situ characterization. However, this does not capture the membrane and fouling layer evolution under operating conditions, potentially masking important mechanisms and nonequilibrium pathways that impact fouling. Here, we present a remotely controlled crossflow membrane system and a custom membrane cell for operando fouling characterization using transmission small/wide angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). This approach allows direct observation of the nanoscale changes occurring at the membrane surface during pressurized water treatment processes, enabling a new way to understand the connections between dynamic fouling behaviors and membrane performance. Nanoparticle fouling of porous membranes during ultrafiltration was investigated using operando SAXS, and mineral scaling of reverse osmosis membranes was investigated using operando WAXS. This system allows for tracking membrane fouling in real time and under realistic conditions, providing fundamental physical insights into how water chemistry and operating conditions affect macroscopic membrane performance. Moreover, this system opens the door for future in situ and operando studies, and it serves as a testbed for evaluating novel materials/processes for membrane-based separations.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integral expressions for self and mutual inductances of circular coils with rectangular winding cross sections. 矩形绕组截面圆形线圈自感和互感的积分表达式。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0258993

A Ivanov

引用次数: 0

Multiframe X-ray diffraction on the OMEGA EP laser. OMEGA EP激光器上的多帧x射线衍射。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0260046

D N Polsin, J R Rygg, D T Bishel, D A Chin, F Coppari, X Gong, S T Ivancic, S P Regan, K Werellapatha, G W Collins, M C Marshall, L R Benedetti

引用次数: 0

A laser-based annealing methodology to speed-up the study of thermo-activated restoration mechanisms in metals. 一种基于激光退火的方法来加速金属热活化修复机制的研究。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202933

Maxime Lemetais, Jean-Baptiste Pruvo, Marco Minissale, Alan Durif, Matthieu Lenci, Claire Maurice, Marilyne Mondon, David Piot, Victor Somlay, Marianne Richou, Guillaume Kermouche, Laurent Gallais

{"title":"A laser-based annealing methodology to speed-up the study of thermo-activated restoration mechanisms in metals.","authors":"Maxime Lemetais, Jean-Baptiste Pruvo, Marco Minissale, Alan Durif, Matthieu Lenci, Claire Maurice, Marilyne Mondon, David Piot, Victor Somlay, Marianne Richou, Guillaume Kermouche, Laurent Gallais","doi":"10.1063/5.0202933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0202933","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of polycrystalline materials are significantly influenced by annealing treatments. This article introduces a laser-annealing method that facilitates the investigation of high-temperature transformations, with a specific focus on tungsten restoration. The aim of this research is to establish a controlled temperature gradient in the examined sample to expedite the study of restoration at high temperatures by reducing the number of samples. To achieve this, simulations are employed to design the desired temperature profile, and a laser-based setup is adapted to generate and regulate this profile. Furthermore, uncertainties and errors associated with temperature measurements in the experimental setup are quantified. The proposed laser-annealing method enables precise temperature control during the annealing process. By heating one side of a tungsten rod using the laser system, a steady-state temperature gradient is induced. The annealing process consists of two steps: the initial heating phase to reach the desired temperature profile, followed by the maintenance of constant temperatures at specific positions along the rod for a defined duration. The study investigates the impact of absorbed power by the sample on the temperature profile and assesses the softening of tungsten after annealing using hardness measurements. Overall, the proposed laser-annealing method offers a promising avenue for advancing material science research. Its ability to precisely control temperature gradients and observe material behaviors at high temperatures opens up new opportunities to optimize the properties of polycrystalline materials beyond tungsten, thus providing broader applications in material engineering and manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High accuracy measurement of virtual source size of a field emission electron source. 场发射电子源虚源尺寸的高精度测量。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0252781

Erina Kawamoto, Soichiro Matsunaga

{"title":"High accuracy measurement of virtual source size of a field emission electron source.","authors":"Erina Kawamoto, Soichiro Matsunaga","doi":"10.1063/5.0252781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252781","url":null,"abstract":"The size of the effective electron source in a field emission (FE) gun within a high-performance electron microscope significantly impacts spatial resolution. Therefore, a standardized method for evaluating effective source size is essential. It is crucial to note that the effective source of the FE gun differs from the actual electron emission surface. In fact, it functions as an imaginary virtual source approximately several tens of nanometers in size, typically located several tens of millimeters behind the actual emission surface. While a magnification projection method has been proposed to measure these microscopic virtual sources, previous reports have highlighted the need for large-scale equipment at the building level. In addition, ensuring magnification accuracy with laboratory-level equipment is difficult. To address these difficulties, this study developed an optical system utilizing double lenses to magnify virtual sources. This double-lens method achieved high magnification with laboratory-level equipment and enabled the evaluation of magnification accuracy by adjusting the balance between the two lenses. We discuss the configuration of the developed double-lens optical system, the method for evaluating magnification accuracy, and we present the results of source size evaluation with nanometer precision, achieving an accuracy of ±6.0%. This report demonstrates a highly accurate system for measuring the size of virtual sources using laboratory-level equipment.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ion-imaging detector for high count rates. 用于高计数率的离子成像探测器。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0259895

Kai Golibrzuch, Florian Nitz, Stefan Hörandl, Mark E Bernard, Alice Bremer, Daniel J Auerbach, Theofanis N Kitsopoulos, Alec M Wodtke

{"title":"An ion-imaging detector for high count rates.","authors":"Kai Golibrzuch, Florian Nitz, Stefan Hörandl, Mark E Bernard, Alice Bremer, Daniel J Auerbach, Theofanis N Kitsopoulos, Alec M Wodtke","doi":"10.1063/5.0259895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0259895","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of high-power ionizing light sources with repetition rates greater than 100 kHz promises vastly improved data acquisition times for electron and ion imaging experiments; however, optimal means to record ion images at high average ion flux are challenging. A popular ion imaging detector uses a double (chevron) microchannel plate (MCP) stack operating at high gain (∼106) and a phosphor screen floated to 4 kV while images are recorded using a CCD or CMOS camera. Such imaging detectors tend to exhibit severe inhomogeneity at high incidence ion flux due to saturation effects in the MCP, even when the amplified current is far below the strip-current limit. This inhomogeneity arises from a local loss of gain in channels experiencing a high frequency of ion-amplification events, even when most channels are behaving normally. Here, we describe an alternative ion imaging scheme using a detector based on a single microchannel plate, a phosphor screen that can be floated to 20 kV, and a Timepix3 based event camera and demonstrate its performance in an ion-imaging experiment performed at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The reduced gain of the single MCP avoids gain inhomogeneity up to higher count-rates, while the high-voltage phosphor helps maintain high single ion detection efficiency. The detector performs well at an ion flux of 107 ions cm-2 s-1.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Full duty cycle laser ablation plasma spectrometry (LAPS) combining a hollow-core toroidal coil with artificial intelligence classification. 全占空比激光烧蚀等离子光谱法（LAPS）将空心环形线圈与人工智能分类相结合。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0240493

Janosch von Ballmoos, Sharath Rameshbabu, Davide Bleiner

引用次数: 0

Multiplexed photonic Doppler velocimetry enabled by multichannel optical switching: An optimization methodology for crosstalk suppression. 多通道光交换实现的多路光子多普勒测速：串扰抑制的优化方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0260251

Jianzhong Li, Shouxian Liu, Jing Wang, Jiangbo Lei, Jun Liu, Qixian Peng

{"title":"Multiplexed photonic Doppler velocimetry enabled by multichannel optical switching: An optimization methodology for crosstalk suppression.","authors":"Jianzhong Li, Shouxian Liu, Jing Wang, Jiangbo Lei, Jun Liu, Qixian Peng","doi":"10.1063/5.0260251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0260251","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in velocity measurement, leveraging the benefits of photonic Doppler velocimetry in the domains of shock and detonation physics, explosive safety, and materials physics, have led to the development of array or area velocity measurements for high-fidelity research. However, the direct superimposition of multiple PDVs can result in significant increases in volume, cost, and complexity. In recent years, multiplexed photonic Doppler velocimetry (MPDV) has emerged as an effective solution for measuring velocities at numerous points. While time-division multiplexed MPDV systems have gained attention for circumventing the bandwidth constraints inherent in frequency-division multiplexed approaches, the critical issue of optical crosstalk induced by optical switching components remains insufficiently addressed. Current commercial optical switches with limited isolation performance may introduce channel interference that compromises measurement accuracy in precision experiments. This study presents a novel time-division multiplexed MPDV architecture employing multichannel optical switching modules. Through precise timing control, eight distinct velocity signals with different delay times can be obtained from a single channel, enabling simultaneous recording of 64 velocity signals using two conventional four-channel digitizers. Furthermore, the crosstalk issue can be significantly mitigated through optimized optical switch configurations and probe design modifications. The method's validity has been experimentally verified through an experiment involving explosive-driven metal flyers. This method holds significant potential for further expanding the number of measurement points in MPDV applications.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance frequency reference based on cryogenic sapphire oscillator. 基于低温蓝宝石振荡器的高性能频率基准。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0268903

Encai Zhong, Yan Zheng, Jinxu Hong, Mingming Liu, Yijun Luo, Hongli Liu, Ke Deng, Jie Zhang, Zehuang Lu

引用次数: 0