Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第5页

Reconfigurable Bitter-type electromagnet for Zeeman slowing. 可重新配置的苦味型电磁铁塞曼减速。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350903

Emma G Hataway, Emma K Falk, Kaia E O'Neill, Morgan P Berghof, Ben A Olsen

引用次数: 0

Fast-detection of hard x-ray emission and correlation with magnetohydrodynamic instabilities on the High-Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP). 高β托卡马克扩展脉冲（hpt - ep）上硬x射线发射的快速检测及其与磁流体动力学不稳定性的相关性。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350773

N J DaSilva, S N Sobel, J P Levesque, J E Chiriboga, M N Notis, M E Mauel, C A Paz-Soldan, G A Navratil

{"title":"Fast-detection of hard x-ray emission and correlation with magnetohydrodynamic instabilities on the High-Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP).","authors":"N J DaSilva, S N Sobel, J P Levesque, J E Chiriboga, M N Notis, M E Mauel, C A Paz-Soldan, G A Navratil","doi":"10.1063/5.0350773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350773","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the spatial and energy dynamics of runaway electrons is essential to preventing damage to next-generation fusion experiments and pilot plants. In the High-Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) device, hard x-rays (HXRs) are produced through thick-target bremsstrahlung radiation when energetic electrons are deconfined and strike limiting surfaces. This paper describes a new HXR detector system composed of ten scintillator detectors and a visible-light fast camera, which is used to detect fast bursts of HXR emission that correlate with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) perturbations. Hard x-rays cause spatially uncorrelated speckling on the fast camera, and the appearance of speckles is strongly correlated in time with x-ray bursts. We also observe a threshold below which an HXR signal is insufficient to produce a given speckle signal. Using these detectors, HBT-EP can measure the toroidal and temporal characteristics of HXRs, which are used to infer the characteristics of deconfined electrons. We report a strong correlation between the phase of a rotating n = 1 HXR source and an n = 1 MHD mode, suggesting that MHD activity directly enhances the radial transport of energetic electrons.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A thermopile array and stereo vision fusion system for small-tube temperature sensing. 用于小管温度传感的热电堆阵列与立体视觉融合系统。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0346570

Dexin Hou, Tiancheng Xie, Yiming Lv, Ji Mi, Jiong Ding, Dongfang Hu

引用次数: 0

Development of an ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible cryogen-free scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometer. 超高真空兼容无低温扫描氮空位磁强计的研制。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0345285

Sihai Jiao, Chunzheng Wang, Haoran Zheng, Zhongjie Wang, Maosen Guo, Changjiang Zhu, Chunlei Gao

{"title":"Development of an ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible cryogen-free scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometer.","authors":"Sihai Jiao, Chunzheng Wang, Haoran Zheng, Zhongjie Wang, Maosen Guo, Changjiang Zhu, Chunlei Gao","doi":"10.1063/5.0345285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0345285","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometry has emerged as a powerful technique for nanoscale magnetic imaging owing to its high spatial resolution, high magnetic sensitivity, and noninvasive optical readout. For low-temperature operation, existing scanning NV microscopes have been implemented in different cryogenic systems, including liquid-helium cryostats and closed-cycle refrigerators. However, ultrahigh-vacuum compatibility and in situ sample/probe exchange remain largely unavailable in these systems, hindering measurements on pristine and surface-sensitive quantum materials. Here, we report a cryogen-free ultrahigh-vacuum scanning nitrogen-vacancy microscope equipped with an in-vacuum three-axis vector superconducting magnet, reaching a base pressure of 2 × 10-10 Torr and sample temperatures down to 2 K. The system enables in situ exchange and separate temperature control of both the sample and the probe. A pillar-array diamond probe architecture is implemented to provide flexible selection of NV centers with different crystallographic orientations, allowing access to complementary magnetic-field projections of a single spin texture. System performance is verified through thermal characterization, single-NV characterization, NV-sample distance calibration, and magnetic imaging demonstrations, which include imaging the same skyrmion bubble with two nitrogen-vacancy centers of different orientations in CoFeB and resolving individual superconducting vortices in bulk NbSe2.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opto-mechanical design of long-strip space reflector applied to satellite perpendicular orbit scanning. 用于卫星垂直轨道扫描的长条空间反射器的光机械设计。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0307583

Xiaoguang Xie, Yuan Hu, Tong Zhao, Jun Feng, Xiaodong Li, Miao Li

{"title":"Opto-mechanical design of long-strip space reflector applied to satellite perpendicular orbit scanning.","authors":"Xiaoguang Xie, Yuan Hu, Tong Zhao, Jun Feng, Xiaodong Li, Miao Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0307583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0307583","url":null,"abstract":"Perpendicular orbit scanning is a novel satellite imaging mechanism proposed in recent years, which greatly enhances the efficiency of remote sensing imaging. However, its ultra-high-speed scanning requirements can only be fulfilled by using line-scan Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) and long-strip space mirrors. So far, most common rectangular mirrors have a length-to-width ratio of no more than 3, employing a universal single-point or non-collinear three-point support design, with lack of further optimization exploration. Moreover, beyond static gravity and thermal loads, the mirror is required to maintain the surface shape and deformation during rotary scanning. Thus, balancing static and dynamic performance requires research and design. In this paper, we combine simulation calculations and topology optimization for the opto-mechanical design of a 360 × 60 mm planar mirror, using a dual-point flexible support with a spacing of 140 mm, which unlike the vast majority of published cases. After lightweighting, the mass of the whole mirror is less than 1.2 kg, the gravity surface deformation is less than λ/30 (λ = 632 nm), and the fundamental frequency is greater than 120 Hz. Under the unique 60°/s rotating imaging mechanism in the project, the surface deformation is 4.65 nm, and the displacement is less than 0.1 μm, which meets the engineering requirements. The design idea and the dynamic imaging working condition simulation in this paper can be used as a reference for other optical engineering.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and synthetic diagnostic of a vertical multi-energy soft x-ray camera for the WEST tokamak. 用于WEST托卡马克的立式多能软x射线相机的设计与综合诊断。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0346401

T Barbui, L F Delgado-Aparicio, S Nyhus, A Fil, K W Hill, N A Pablant, B Stratton, D Vezinet

{"title":"Design and synthetic diagnostic of a vertical multi-energy soft x-ray camera for the WEST tokamak.","authors":"T Barbui, L F Delgado-Aparicio, S Nyhus, A Fil, K W Hill, N A Pablant, B Stratton, D Vezinet","doi":"10.1063/5.0346401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0346401","url":null,"abstract":"A vertical multi-energy soft x-ray (SXR) camera is presently under design for installation on the Tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST). This camera will complement an already installed equivalent horizontal system to enable 2D tomographic reconstruction of the plasma soft x-ray emissivity at different energies. The two cameras employ two identical PILATUS3 pixelated x-ray detectors, in which the lower energy threshold for photon detection can be adjusted independently on each pixel in the range of 2-21 keV. Energy-resolved measurements are used to infer impurity concentrations, effective charge (Zeff), electron temperature, plasma centroid position, and radiated power density. With the installation of the vertical camera, all these quantities will be determined in 2D and possibly in real time. This contribution presents the design of the vertical camera. The detector is mounted inside a retractable stainless steel vacuum chamber, which is inserted into a re-entrant sleeve installed on a vertical port. A pinhole located after a beryllium vacuum window determines the geometry of the sightlines, which cover a large portion of the plasma cross section. A synthetic diagnostic is created using the FAST tool, which simulates the SXR emissivity for typical WEST plasma parameters and impurity mixtures, coupled with the ToFu tool, which computes the camera synthetic signal. The expected photon count rate on the detector is determined for a typical WEST plasma scenario. The tomographic inversion capability using measurements from the two cameras is investigated with ToFu using phantom emissivities of different shapes.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and initial characterization of a modular tabletop Penning ion-source beamline for low-energy ion irradiation. 用于低能离子辐照的模块化台式彭宁离子源光束线的设计和初步表征。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0321643

Manjeet Mor, Manish Kumar Vishwakarma, Puneet Jain

{"title":"Design and initial characterization of a modular tabletop Penning ion-source beamline for low-energy ion irradiation.","authors":"Manjeet Mor, Manish Kumar Vishwakarma, Puneet Jain","doi":"10.1063/5.0321643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0321643","url":null,"abstract":"Ion beam implantation is an effective technology for material modification, including surface engineering, doping, and irradiation. Its use in laboratories is, however, not very common due to the expensive nature and rigidity of commercial systems. To address this gap, we present the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of a new, modular tabletop Penning Ion Gauge source system. This system uniquely integrates high-precision beam optics, including an electrostatic quadrupole triplet for beam focusing and a Wien velocity filter for ion species selection. IBSimu and COMSOL Multiphysics® were used to model the extraction system and downstream beam dynamics, respectively. Experiments demonstrated multi-species operation (H+, He+, N+) over a large operating energy range. A key achievement is the system's exceptionally broad, tunable beam current, with on-target currents spanning three orders of magnitude (1 nA-3 μA), accessed by adjusting the plasma discharge, gas pressure, and beam-transport conditions, delivered to an aperture-defined, approximately circular 0.5 cm2 on-target spot. The nitrogen transmission scan at 25 keV demonstrates coarse separation between N+ and N2+, with a first-order experimental resolving power of 2.43, as determined from the N+ peak. This system provides a reproducible and accessible platform, offering a useful and accessible resource for researchers in materials science, low-energy nuclear physics, and particle accelerators.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overview of the diagnostic suite for the Proto-Lite experiment. Proto-Lite实验诊断套件概述

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350530

T M Biewer, J B O Caughman, G D Dhamale, K Fujii, C Johnson, J Larson, Y Wang, E A Unterberg

{"title":"Overview of the diagnostic suite for the Proto-Lite experiment.","authors":"T M Biewer, J B O Caughman, G D Dhamale, K Fujii, C Johnson, J Larson, Y Wang, E A Unterberg","doi":"10.1063/5.0350530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350530","url":null,"abstract":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been developing RF-driven, linear plasma devices for plasma-material interaction (PMI) studies. The physics basis for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), under construction at ORNL, was established through experimental measurements on the Proto-MPEX device. The Proto-MPEX device has recently been reconfigured as the \"Proto-Lite\" platform, with the removal of auxiliary electron and ion heating capabilities and the reduction of the number of magnet coils from 13 to 8. Proto-Lite is a risk-reduction platform for MPEX, where helicon wave RF-technologies can be tested, plasma scenarios developed, new workforce members trained, diagnostic systems explored, and control architectures vetted, in addition to short-pulse PMI target exposures. The diagnostic suite for Proto-Lite largely consists of systems that were ported from Proto-MPEX or that are being readied for deployment on MPEX. The current Proto-Lite diagnostic set includes (typical achieved range; data rate): double Langmuir probes (Te ∼ 1-20 eV, ne ∼ 1018-1020 m-3; 1 kHz), infrared camera imaging (T ∼ 20-150 °C; 50 Hz full frame), filtered visible camera imaging (1-18 kfps), neutral pressure gauges (P ∼ 10-4-10-2 Torr; 100 Hz), residual gas mass spectroscopy (1-100 amu), survey (400-900 nm; 1 Hz), and high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy (200 Hz). Plasma exposed samples are removed via a vacuum load-lock for ex situ analysis. This paper will give an overview of experimental measurements from Proto-Lite diagnostic systems and describe how those systems are contributing to risk-reduction research for MPEX.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generalized theory of second-harmonic orthogonally polarized dispersion interferometry and implementation for pulsed power electrode plasma measurements. 脉冲功率电极等离子体测量的二次谐波正交偏振色散干涉广义理论及实现。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350688

Nathan R Hines, Jens Schwarz, Thomas J Awe, Mark A Gilmore

{"title":"Generalized theory of second-harmonic orthogonally polarized dispersion interferometry and implementation for pulsed power electrode plasma measurements.","authors":"Nathan R Hines, Jens Schwarz, Thomas J Awe, Mark A Gilmore","doi":"10.1063/5.0350688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350688","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generalized theoretical framework for Second-Harmonic Orthogonally Polarized Dispersion Interferometry (SHOP-DI) and the diagnostic's implementation for time-resolved electron areal-density measurements of pulsed-power Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line (MITL) electrode plasmas. The theoretical treatment extends standard SHOP-DI analysis by deriving the detected intensity response for arbitrary second-harmonic polarization angles, establishing a detector-bandwidth-limited criterion for the maximum trackable rate of change in electron areal density, modeling a counter-rotating phase-control-window system that enables reproducible phase-offset calibration, and introducing a power-normalized analysis method which separates refractive-index-induced phase shifts from static channel imbalance and common-mode optical-power fluctuations. Guided by these developments, the diagnostic was redesigned for operation on Sandia National Laboratories' (SNL's) 1 MA Mykonos accelerator, where MITL plasmas evolve on nanosecond time scales within sub-mm Anode-Cathode (A-K) gaps. The implemented system combines a 2 GHz bandwidth, corresponding to a maximum measurable areal-density rate of change of 4.8 × 1016 1/cm2/ns, with an overlapping 1/e2 probing beam waist diameter of ∼100μm. Improved optical throughput and optomechanical stiffness enabled the experiments at Mykonos to achieve a noise-limited 1σ areal-density uncertainty of 1.6 × 1014 1/cm2. These results provide design criteria for future SHOP-DI systems and demonstrate a high-bandwidth, high-sensitivity design useful for pulsed-power electrode plasma measurements.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine-learning-based model for motional Stark effect calibrations. 基于机器学习的运动Stark效应校准模型。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350330

Jinseok Ko, Juyoung Ko

{"title":"Machine-learning-based model for motional Stark effect calibrations.","authors":"Jinseok Ko, Juyoung Ko","doi":"10.1063/5.0350330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350330","url":null,"abstract":"The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic on the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device requires a beam-into-gas calibration to remove the Faraday-rotation contribution to the measured polarization angle. Because the secondary-neutral emission that contaminates this calibration grows with the torus gas pressure, the calibration is obtained by measuring the polarization angle over a range of pressures at a fixed vacuum field and extrapolating to zero pressure. Such measurements, however, exist only for a finite and irregularly sampled set of the major experimental parameters-the neutral-beam energy, the toroidal magnetic field, and the beam source-so that a calibration matching a given plasma discharge frequently does not exist and the conventional remedy of a simple linear interpolation between the nearest calibrated points remains incomplete. This work develops a supervised machine-learning model that infers the deviation of the MSE-measured polarization angle from the vacuum field for an arbitrary combination of these parameters, using the beam-into-gas data accumulated over the KSTAR FY2025 and FY2026 campaigns. A two-stage scheme that first reproduces the zero-pressure extrapolation and then learns the configuration dependence of the resulting angle is found to perform best. The improvement over the conventional linear-interpolation approach is demonstrated through the magnetic-axis evolution and through the safety factor and current density profiles of off-axis current-drive discharges.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0