Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

{"title":"Smart MDD-A portable optical device for rapid, automated, and ultra-sensitive detection of malathion in liquid samples.","authors":"Kavini V, Maitrayee Trivedi, Sudha Karthik, Vishal Balaji, Nishima Wangoo, Rohit Kumar Sharma, Sujatha Narayanan Unni","doi":"10.1063/5.0277097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0277097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticides are often used in agriculture to reduce post-harvest losses due to contamination and to increase productivity. Long-term exposure to these pesticides in food leads to serious health issues in humans and animals. Advanced sensing techniques are crucial for detecting pesticide traces in agricultural products present in low amounts. This study demonstrates an aptamer-based colorimetric assay for detecting organophosphorus pesticides, namely, malathion. In the absence of malathion, the aptamer binds with cationic polymer PDDA, preventing its aggregation with gold nanoparticles. Upon binding with malathion, the PDDA is left free, forming aggregation with AuNPs, resulting in a color change from red to blue. This assay is integrated into a smart optical detection device with a built-in display for standalone operations. The optical absorbance ratio (518/633 nm) was utilized as a marker to detect malathion traces in water, achieving a limit of detection of 248.36 pM within the quantification range (100-1000 pM) and a sensitivity of 0.0015 a.u./pM. Polynomial regression models were applied to compare the performance of the spectrophotometer and the device, yielding R2 values of 0.9468 and 0.9489, demonstrating a strong correlation between the intensity ratio and malathion concentration. A predictive model developed using polynomial regression to estimate malathion concentration based on the device's measured intensity ratio achieved a root mean square error of 9.85%. These findings highlight the potential of the developed device for accurate and reliable pesticide detection. The portability and cost-effectiveness promise its use for on-site monitoring in environmental and precision agriculture settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual magnetic piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester with enhanced output performance.","authors":"Ji Qi, Jie Li, Liang Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0280293","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0280293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Widespread mechanical energy in the environment can be converted to electrical energy using energy harvesting devices, providing a new option for powering sensing devices. A new piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvesting device is proposed in this paper, which achieves higher output power and broadens the prototype's operating bandwidth to a certain extent through the reasonable arrangement of magnetic poles and bilateral magnetic drive. Through experimental analysis and theoretical modeling, we have analyzed the influence of factors affecting the experimental output, such as magnet diameter, pole arrangement, and motor speed, etc. Load tests were conducted at 135 r/min. When the load is 6 KΩ, the maximum output power is 0.74 mW and stabilized voltage under load conditions is 5.08 V. A series of experiments proves the feasibility of the device, which provides a feasible solution for improving the efficiency of energy harvesting in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel high-pressure low-temperature interface shear apparatus: Mechanical behavior of interface between hydrate-bearing sediment and foundation structure.","authors":"Zhan Huang, Qing Yang, Peng Wu, Long Yu, Yunrui Han, Yubin Ren, Gang Yang, Qianyong Liang, Lin Yang, Yanghui Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0273611","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0273611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastable hydrates are widely distributed in shallow deep-sea sediments, posing significant risks to the long-term stability of offshore foundation structures. Unveiling the weakening mechanisms at the hydrate-bearing sediment-structure interface is crucial for establishing a theoretical framework for the safe design of deep-sea structures. A high-pressure (up to 12.5 MPa), low-temperature (down to -30 °C) interface shear test apparatus suitable for investigating the hydrate-bearing sediment-structure interface has been designed for the first time. The key innovations of this system include the dynamic sealing and precise regulation of interface temperature and pore pressure. This apparatus enables in situ hydrate generation under simulated deep-sea conditions, precise pore pressure regulation, and real-time monitoring of shear behavior. Verification experiments demonstrate excellent repeatability, with variations in peak and residual shear stresses at the hydrate-bearing sediment-steel interface remaining below 5%. Comparative tests reveal distinct mechanical responses: the hydrate-bearing interface exhibits strain-softening behavior, whereas the hydrate-free interface shows strain-hardening characteristics. This apparatus addresses the limitations of existing systems and provides a foundational structure for precise measurement and comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly accurate adjustment and stabilization of a fiber interferometer for displacement measurements.","authors":"Alexander von Schmidsfeld, Knarik Khachatryan, Michael Reichling","doi":"10.1063/5.0269765","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0269765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An interferometer used for displacement measurement is typically adjusted to the center or another appropriate point of the interferometer fringe as a working point to yield maximum detection sensitivity and linearity. The interferometer is prone to varying misalignment in the course of measurements, most noticeable due to thermal drift affecting the interferometer dimensions. We introduce an automatic correction mechanism based on a proportional/integral (PI) control loop to remove any error in the alignment of the fiber interferometer, specifically long-term drift. The method is based on introducing a harmonic displacement by driving an optical element, which is a micro-cantilever in this work. The second harmonic of the interferometric signal that is shown to be present only for a misaligned Michelson or low-finesse Fabry-Pérot interferometer is processed using a lock-in detector, phase-locked to the drive signal, where the in-phase output signal is used as the feedback signal of the PI control loop operated with zero signal setpoint. The loop output control signal is amplified and supplied to the piezo element, adjusting the optical element to yield perfect alignment. As thermal drift is a slow process, the control loop can mostly be operated with a large time constant, allowing for a highly accurate stabilization, limiting misalignment to less than 2% of the interferometer fringe.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodic disturbance suppression of UAV-mounted ISP via adaptive generalized high-order ESO.","authors":"Lu Wang, Xiantao Li, Jinzhao Li, Zongyuan Yang, Shitao Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0273056","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0273056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inertial stabilization platforms (ISPs) on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are critical for clear imaging and accurate measurement of ground/water targets. However, ISPs often suffer from performance degradation due to complex disturbances, especially the dominant periodic disturbances. Traditional extended state observers (ESOs) struggle to effectively handle these time-varying periodic disturbances, limiting line-of-sight stabilization accuracy. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel third-order Adaptive Generalized Extended State Observer (3-AGESO). This method integrates disturbance frequency information directly into the observer's state expansion. A tracking differentiator, dynamically tuned via adaptive control parameters, reconstructs the disturbance frequency in real-time, ensuring robustness against frequency variations. The experiments show that the velocity fluctuations at the disturbance frequency of 1 Hz are reduced from 0.075 to 0.005°/s. The visual axis jitter of the ISP is reduced from 15.11 pixels to 3.77 pixels. These results demonstrate that the 3-AGESO effectively addresses the limitations of traditional ESOs in handling periodic disturbances. Consequently, it significantly enhances ISP stabilization and improves the precision of UAV-based imaging and measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compact UHV negative halogen ion source with narrow energy spread for ion soft-landing study.","authors":"Qiwei Chen, Xianzheng Liu, Yuchen Bai, Liluo He, Zhongyi Wu, Haoyang Deng, Xiong Zhou, Jing Liu, Kai Wu","doi":"10.1063/5.0272024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0272024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A compact ultrahigh vacuum negative halogen ion source has been developed to generate ion beams with small energy spread for soft-landing applications. Thermionic emission of a halogen atom from a hot tantalum surface carries an extra electron to form a negative halogen ion. Based on this principle, a tantalum helical ionizer is designed to efficiently produce Cl- ions from Cl atoms generated by CuCl2 decomposition. The intrinsic kinetic energy distribution, quantified by a retarding field energy analyzer, exhibits a full width at half maximum of ∼0.83 eV. Beam profiling confirms a controllable diameter within 8 mm. Isotopes of 35Cl- and 37Cl- have been successfully resolved with a Wien filter. The compact ion source has been integrated into an ion transport study apparatus, with initial experiments verifying ion soft-landing and surface charge dynamics. This ion source provides a reliable tool for probing ion-involved interfacial processes under ultra-high vacuum conditions, while advancing ion chemistry and relating sciences as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative heterodyne microwave interferometer for plasma density measurements on the Madison AWAKE prototype.","authors":"Marcel Granetzny, Barret Elward, Oliver Schmitz","doi":"10.1063/5.0271408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Madison AWAKE Prototype (MAP) is a high-power, high-density helicon plasma experiment. The project's main goal is to develop a scalable plasma source for use in a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator as part of the AWAKE project. We measure the plasma density with a new 105 GHz heterodyne microwave interferometer that features several improvements over traditional approaches. The design uses a single microwave source combined with an upconverter to avoid frequency drift and reduce overall cost. Elliptical mirrors focus the probe beam into the plasma and guide it back to the receiver. The transmitter and receiver, along with the measurement electronics, are co-located in a small enclosure and are assisted by two small mirrors on the opposite side of MAP. Both halves of the system move independently on computer-controlled motion platforms. This setup enables fast repositioning of the interferometer to measure at any axial location despite MAP's magnets, wiring, and structural supports that would block movement of a waveguide-based system. A high-speed, high-precision mixed-signal printed circuit board and FPGA analyze the probe signal directly within the enclosure, eliminating the need for a digitizer or oscilloscope. The interferometer resolves phase shifts down to 3.6°, resulting in a line-averaged resolution of 1.5 × 1017 m-3. The system provides a real-time density measurement every 5 μs up into the mid-1019 m-3 density range with a noise level of 1.0 × 1017 m-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of potential distribution in the secondary winding of low-turns-ratio Tesla transformer.","authors":"Yiting Zhang, Junna Li, Yongliang Wang, Haoliang Shi, Xiaoyu Zhou, Qin Shang","doi":"10.1063/5.0287546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0287546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The miniaturized low-turns-ratio Tesla transformer features fewer turns and a larger distance between adjacent windings, resulting in a potential distribution in its secondary winding that differs from that of the high-turns-ratio Tesla transformer. In this paper, considering the coupling process between the primary and secondary windings, an equivalent circuit model of the Tesla transformer is established by considering each turn of the winding as a unit, and its distribution parameters were extracted using the finite element method. Through circuit simulations, the voltage waveform of each turn winding during the charging process is obtained, which can provide a reference for subsequent analysis and optimization of insulation performance. The reliability of the simulation model is also verified by an experimental platform based on the Tesla transformer. The results reveal that the potential distribution in the secondary winding is evidently uneven. First, the highest turn-to-turn voltage is observed in the middle section near the high-voltage (HV) side of the winding. Second, the turn-to-turn voltage in the HV part is overall higher and varies significantly with the number of turns. Finally, the uneven potential distribution results in a stronger electric field around the HV part compared to the electric field under conditions of uniformly distributed potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neutron spectrometer based on recoil proton track imaging for high-yield inertial confinement fusion primary deuterium-tritium neutrons.","authors":"Yaodong Sang, Qingmin Zhang, Jinliang Liu, Haoxuan Guo, Silong Zhang, Kangfu Zhu, Naizhe Zhao, Shiyi He, Yapeng Zhang, Yang Li, Liang Chen, Xiaoping Ouyang","doi":"10.1063/5.0275466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The energy spectra of primary deuterium-tritium (DT) neutrons provide essential information about the implosion performance in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. Recoil proton track imaging is a recently developed technique for measuring neutron energy spectra, which optically records the track image of recoil protons in a gas scintillator using high-performance imaging devices, then derives the neutron spectrum through an unfolding procedure. Here, focusing on the ICF primary DT neutrons with a yield of up to 1019, we design a neutron spectrometer based on this method. Considering the trade-off between energy resolution and detection efficiency, we optimize key system parameters, including recoil angle, recoil proton flight distance, aperture size, polyethylene foil thickness, and gas scintillator pressure through simulation, achieving a recoil proton conversion efficiency of 8.68×10-7 for 14.1 MeV neutrons. In addition, since the high-precision spectrum unfolding requires a high-quality track image, we specially design a large-aperture fixed-focus lens to enhance the efficiency of scintillation photon collection. Furthermore, we propose a realistic track image simulation method that combines Monte Carlo simulation with optical imaging simulation, allowing for a more accurate calculation of the neutron energy response. Based on the designed system, we simulate track images for mono-energetic neutrons, neutrons with spectra from National Ignition Facility ignition experiments, and neutrons with a Gaussian spectrum. The results demonstrate that high-quality track images can be obtained under the designed system. Subsequently, the spectrum unfolding for simulated track images corresponding to energy spectra is performed using MLEM and GRAVEL algorithms. The high quality of the unfolded spectra indicates that the recoil proton track imaging is a promising approach for diagnosing ICF primary DT neutron spectra.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a 10.8-eV tabletop femtosecond laser with tunable polarization for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.","authors":"Jisong Gao, Qiaoxiao Zhao, Wenbo Liu, Dong Li, Zhicheng Gao, Yudian Zhou, Xuegao Hu, Zhihao Cai, Zhilin Li, Youguo Shi, Peng Cheng, Zhaojun Liu, Lan Chen, Kehui Wu, Zhigang Zhao, Baojie Feng","doi":"10.1063/5.0268243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of extreme ultraviolet sources is critical for advancing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), a powerful technique for probing the electronic structure of materials. Here, we report the construction of a tabletop 10.8-eV femtosecond laser through cascaded third-harmonic generation, which operates at a repetition rate of 1 MHz and delivers a photon flux of ∼1012 photons/s. The system achieves a high energy resolution of ∼11.8 meV and tunable polarization. This flexibility enables detailed studies of orbital and (pseudo)spin characteristics in quantum materials. We demonstrate the capabilities of this laser-ARPES system by investigating several prototypical materials, showcasing its potential for elucidating complex phenomena in quantum materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}