Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

{"title":"Design and experimental study of piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with variable pitch beam.","authors":"Tianbing Ma, Yuqing Ouyang, Fei Du, Rui Shi, Ziliang Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0237652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In view of the shortcomings of wired sensing equipment used by roadheaders, such as difficult power supply and difficult to replace power supply under complex working conditions, the vibration signal of the cutting part of a roadheader is collected and analyzed by using the environmental characteristics of strong working vibration of a roadheader, and a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with variable pitch beam is proposed. Based on theory and simulation, experimental verification was carried out to explore the influence of different structural parameters on the output characteristics of the energy harvester. Through the application experiments of the energy trapping structure and interface circuit array installation, the feasibility of the energy trap to supply power to the wireless sensing node of the roadheader is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the designed array energy harvester has a higher voltage output at 13-15 Hz, and a better output effect at 70 kΩ load, with an output power of 5.6 mW. Finally, the power supply experiment of the energy trap is carried out to verify that the designed energy trap meets the power supply requirements of the low-power acceleration sensing node and is highly matched with the vibration signal characteristics of the roadheader under working conditions, and the energy acquisition efficiency is higher, which is of great significance for the health monitoring of the underground roadheader.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High power UV lasers employing elliptically focusing enhancement cavities.","authors":"J Gumm, D Schwarz, T Walther","doi":"10.1063/5.0253513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous wave UV lasers have a plethora of applications in many fields, among others, laser spectroscopy, atom trapping, and other related areas. We present a high power continuous wave UV laser system based on twofold second harmonic generation of IR radiation for cooling bunched relativistic ion beams and laser spectroscopy with an output power exceeding 2.4 W in the UV range. Laser operation in the UV regime is often limited by degradation of β-barium borate (BBO) due to two-photon absorption (TPA). We were able to overcome this issue with a novel design of an elliptically focusing enhancement cavity employing commercially available BBO as the nonlinear medium. Building on previous results, we implemented a novel elliptically focusing enhancement cavity featuring an extreme waist ratio of w0,sag/w0,tan = 27.5 at the center of the BBO crystal, aiming to further reduce the peak intensity. This paper details the results as well as our advanced locking scheme for the enhancement cavities for both second harmonic generation steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty evaluation for aneroid barometer measurement. Part I. \"Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement method\".","authors":"Mingming Wei, Chunhua Wen, Yinbao Cheng, Shun Yao, Ling Hong, Taocheng Zhou","doi":"10.1063/5.0233766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0233766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing the oversight in the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for traditional aneroid barometers, where the performance of calibration equipment (in particular, the temperature coefficient calibration box, henceforth termed the coefficient box, and the indication calibration box, referred to as the indication box) and the uncertainty associated with the temperature coefficient are frequently neglected, this paper introduces an enhanced evaluation framework. The objective of this framework is to achieve a more precise evaluation of measurement uncertainty and to enhance the accuracy of calibration outcomes. Initially, a comprehensive calibration methodology is devised, accounting for the impact of the coefficient box's performance on the temperature coefficient and the influence of the indication box's performance on the indication error. By executing this methodology, detailed empirical test data are procured. Subsequently, incorporating various factors that affect the measurement outcomes, the measurement uncertainty is evaluated utilizing the collected data. The evaluation results reveal that the uncertainty of the temperature coefficient is U = 0.004 hPa/°C (k = 2), and the uncertainty of the indication error is U = 0.12 hPa (k = 2). For comparison, the traditional calibration approach yields an uncertainty of the temperature coefficient of U = 0.004 hPa/°C (k = 2) and an uncertainty of the indication error of U = 0.09 hPa (k = 2). Through a comparative analysis, it is evident that the coefficient box's performance has little effect on the temperature coefficient's uncertainty; however, neglecting the performance of the indication box and the temperature coefficient's uncertainty can result in the evaluation of the indication error's uncertainty deviating from actuality. Consequently, it is recommended that the effects of the indication box's performance and the temperature coefficient's uncertainty be thoroughly considered when evaluating the measurement uncertainty of an aneroid barometer's indication error. By doing so, more authentic and reliable evaluation results can be obtained, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of the aneroid barometer's calibration outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotary microwave applicator for rapid drying and uniform heating.","authors":"Hsien-Wen Chao, Hung-Chun Hsu, Chun-Jui Chang, Jun-Yan Jiang, Tsun-Hsu Chang","doi":"10.1063/5.0242106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing demand for sustainable fuel solutions and efficient waste management, biofuels have emerged as a vital renewable fuel resource. This study presents a rotary microwave applicator designed to rapidly dry high-moisture biofuel materials, such as brewers' spent grain and sorghum distillery residue, by utilizing recycled factory waste. The applicator leverages microwave technology to achieve efficient moisture removal through selective heating of polar molecules, supporting resource efficiency manufacturing while addressing the heat accumulation issues prevalent in conventional methods. In addition, the system demonstrated consistent and uniform heating, as evidenced by the even roasting of coffee beans, which exhibited nearly no color variation inside and out. This uniform heating capability enhances the drying process and overall processing efficiency in biomass fuel applications. The results underscore the potential of this microwave applicator to advance biomass fuel production and contribute to more sustainable fuel manufacturing processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-compact piezoelectric motor with self-satisfied symmetry for enhanced performance.","authors":"Yalong Yang, Shengxin Cheng, Qingyou Lu, Zihao Li, Shuai Dong, Wenjie Meng, Xulai Zhu, Jihao Wang, Yubin Hou, Yalin Lu","doi":"10.1063/5.0246031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0246031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symmetry and compactness of the structure has a considerable impact on the properties of piezoelectric motors, including step size, threshold voltage, and effective length. This is particularly evident in motors driven by the inertia principle. Asymmetric and eccentric designs have been observed to result in greater deflections and wobbling during operation, which in turn leads to additional energy loss derived from the energy generated by piezoelectric deformation and further impedes enhancements in overall compactness. In order to address this issue, we present an inertial piezoelectric motor that offers high stability and adaptive symmetry in this paper. The motor's structure ensures that the four edges of the sliding shaft always remain tangent to the inner wall of the piezoelectric tube, thereby achieving a uniform distribution of pressure and friction while ensuring the motor's self-satisfying symmetry and coaxial alignment. The effective length of the piezoelectric motor is only 9 mm, which is just 30% of the length of a conventional inertial piezoelectric motor, exemplifying a remarkably high degree of compactness. With a step size ranging from 0.1 to 1 μm at room temperature and a threshold voltage of about 30 V, these motors are small, simple, and extremely compact, demonstrating significant potential for applications in scanning tunneling microscopes used in narrow and confined spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy distribution and dissipation characteristics in a 12-stage linear-transformer-driver facility.","authors":"Zhenyu Wang, Jian Wu, Tianxiao Cheng, Fengju Sun, Xiaofeng Jiang, Zhiguo Wang, Penghui Li, Hao Wei, Zhigang Liu, Xingwen Li, Aici Qiu","doi":"10.1063/5.0235213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linear transformer driver (LTD) is one of the promising technologies for the next-generation petawatt Z-pinch facility. Mismatch between the driver and load can cause energy reflections, resulting in more energy being dissipated in the LTD and causing damage to the devices. An equivalent circuit model based on a 12-stage LTD facility under different operating conditions was established and validated through experimental results over a relatively long time (∼2 μs). Then, circuit simulations were carried out to explore energy distribution under various load impedances, particularly focusing on the reflected energy to the LTD. The simulation results were used to predict capacitor lifetimes in discharge bricks, analyze output gap electric field strengths, and evaluate protective measures for LTD devices. The results with constant load impedance indicate that a near-matched load impedance can dissipate over 83% of the energy in the load region upon its first arrival, significantly higher than that in short-circuit or open-circuit scenarios (less than 1%). However, in practical experiments, the dynamic load is often closer to a short-circuit condition, resulting in LTD devices operating under more strenuous conditions. This is characterized by faster discharge frequencies (f > 1 MHz), higher voltage reversal factors (Q > 2), and stronger electric field strengths across output gaps (>40 kV/cm), all of which may lead to insulation failures or reduced lifetime of LTDs. Increasing the length of the coaxial water transmission line is expected to enhance device longevity and reduce insulation failure risks, offering valuable insights into optimizing design of LTD-based facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and commissioning of a THz time-domain spectro-goniometer in a cryogenic comet simulation chamber.","authors":"Linus Leo Stöckli, Mathias Brändli, Daniele Piazza, Rafael Ottersberg, Antoine Pommerol, Axel Murk, Nicolas Thomas","doi":"10.1063/5.0252742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present our newly developed laboratory setup, called COCoNuT (Characteristic Observation of Cometary Nuclei using THz-spectroscopy), consisting of a THz spectro-goniometer in a vacuum chamber along with a cryo-cooler intended for cooling down samples rich in ices expected in cometary environments. This setup allows the use of THz time domain spectroscopy on analogs including refractory materials in the spectral range from 0.1 to 5.5 THz with a spectral resolution of up to 0.005 THz. Since the optical setup is mounted on a precision controlled x/y-stage, imaging or spatial averaging can be performed. In this work, we present the design decisions and selection of components. Furthermore, the commissioning of the setup is described and the capabilities are shown. The system can reach pressures of 10-7 mbar and temperatures of 50 K. For 2D scanning, a spatial resolution of 0.3 line-pair per mm is obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of high-precision restrained pressure-driven microgripper based on folded rectangular hinge.","authors":"Xiaodong Chen, Huifeng Tan","doi":"10.1063/5.0243444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0243444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The four-bar parallelogram mechanism is widely used in microgrippers due to its parallel clamping characteristics. However, the rotation process of the four-bar parallelogram mechanism will produce parasitic displacement in the vertical direction. According to this, a high-precision restrained amplification mechanism with folding rectangular hinges is introduced, and the research is to reduce the parasitic movement through the structural design of the microgripper. Compared with the traditional four-bar parallelogram mechanism, the relative parasitic displacement of the restrained four-bar parallelogram mechanism is reduced by 80%. However, folding rectangular hinges will reduce the output displacement of the mechanism while improving the clamping accuracy. To solve the problem, the driving method adopts the pneumatic drive, and its large output force and high output displacement characteristics are in line with this kind of microgripper. Based on the Castigliano second theorem, the relationship between the input pressure and the input/output displacement of the mechanism is obtained. Experimental results show that the microgripper can realize the opening and closing of the movable jaw, as well as parallel clamping. When the movable jaw is closed, the error is 2.0% compared with the FEA (finite element analysis) result. The presentation of the folded rectangular hinge is of great significance to improve the clamping accuracy of microgrippers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accuracy of measuring confined fluid properties using white light interferometry.","authors":"Michał Góra, Urs Schütz, Erwin Hack, Peng Zhang, Manfred Heuberger","doi":"10.1063/5.0245879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thin-film interferometry (type: Fabry-Pérot) with visible white-light illumination can detect sub-nanometer changes in optical path and, therefore, be utilized to study the thickness and refractive index (RI) of nano-confined fluids at a typical resolution ≤ λ/104. This type of white light interferometry is understandably at the core of the surface forces apparatus technique, where two mica sheets with identical thickness (e.g., 1-5 µm) are used to confine a fluid between their surfaces at nanometer separations and measure surface forces as a function of surface separation. In this context, the absolute accuracy of white light interferometry has received little attention historically, although accuracy is the key limiting factor for certain types of experiments, such as the measurements of RI of nanometer thin fluid films. At its root, the accuracy of interferometric RI measurement critically depends on exactly detecting secondary spectral modulations. The following spectral evaluation requires a theory based on an interferometer definition that consists of accurate values for thickness and dispersive RI for all optical layers involved. This work aims at complementing the partially existing literature toward a systematic treatment of the most relevant accuracy-limiting factors; in addition, systematic errors in the interferometer definition include the choice of dispersive RI mathematical model or other experimentally variable factors like the mechanical deformations occurring inside the interferometer under the influence of surface forces. We conclude that an accurate optical description of the layers contributing most to the optical path (e.g., mica surfaces) is currently the leading source of systematic error and that the present methodology of thin film interferometry is not sufficiently accurate to detect and quantify a change of density <10% in a nanometer confined fluid.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential spectral line analysis for accurate density and temperature diagnosis of laboratory opacity measurements.","authors":"T Nagayama, J E Bailey, G P Loisel, D C Mayes, G S Dunham, T A Gomez","doi":"10.1063/5.0237960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accuracy of iron opacity calculated in stellar interiors has been questioned since the discovery of the \"solar problem\" and the discrepancies between the measured and modeled iron opacity reported in 2015. Experimental opacity benchmarks require accurate temperature and density measurements, which were inferred by analyzing tracer magnesium spectra in those experiments. Could the observed discrepancy be explained by insufficient accuracy in the inferred temperature, density, and their uncertainties? Previous analyses may have yielded biased results due to three limitations: (1) simultaneous multi-line fitting, (2) approximations in line-shape models, and (3) exclusion of certain spectral lines due to insufficient background characterization. Notably, the first issue is a common concern for many inversion methods, including Bayesian inferences. We present a refined analysis method that overcomes these limitations, applied to three categories of iron opacity experiments (Anchor 1, 2, and 3). In particular, the sequential fitting method yields unbiased results with more realistic uncertainties by accounting for line inconsistencies in the parameter uncertainties. The average electron temperature and density values are 162 ± 6 eV and (7.0 ± 1.9) × 1021 cm-3 for six Anchor 1 experiments, 189 ± 7 eV and (3.4 ± 0.3) × 1022 cm-3 for 21 Anchor 2 experiments, and 201 ± 6 eV and (4.8 ± 1.1) × 1022 cm-3 for nine Anchor 3 experiments. These results show ∼4% temperature and ∼20% density reproducibility over a decade, which also aligns with the inferred parameter uncertainties. The resulting temperature and density uncertainties lead to a quasi-continuum iron opacity variation of ±4%-7% for wavelengths below 9.5 Å, which is insufficient to explain the significant model-data discrepancies reported in 2015.</p>","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}