Full duty cycle laser ablation plasma spectrometry (LAPS) combining a hollow-core toroidal coil with artificial intelligence classification.

The use of a hollow-core toroidal coil (HTC) as an induction detector allows for the analysis of ions in an expanding plasma released through laser ablation by measuring the change of the magnetic flux. This simple direct setup is called Laser Ablation Plasma Spectroscopy (LAPS). LAPS enables the analysis of ultrafast transient pulses at high sensitivity. The Fourier spectrum of the image voltage was compared between a selection of samples in order to analyze the signal structure. Using a machine learning model, we have demonstrated that single-shot analysis of the laser-produced plasma allows for a reliable classification of the target materials, with an accuracy of more than 90%. This proof-of-principle is laying the foundation for a promising new fast method, which can be used for single-shot operando mass spectrometry.