Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第8页

Overview of the diagnostic suite for the Proto-Lite experiment. Proto-Lite实验诊断套件概述

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350530

T M Biewer, J B O Caughman, G D Dhamale, K Fujii, C Johnson, J Larson, Y Wang, E A Unterberg

{"title":"Overview of the diagnostic suite for the Proto-Lite experiment.","authors":"T M Biewer, J B O Caughman, G D Dhamale, K Fujii, C Johnson, J Larson, Y Wang, E A Unterberg","doi":"10.1063/5.0350530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350530","url":null,"abstract":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been developing RF-driven, linear plasma devices for plasma-material interaction (PMI) studies. The physics basis for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), under construction at ORNL, was established through experimental measurements on the Proto-MPEX device. The Proto-MPEX device has recently been reconfigured as the \"Proto-Lite\" platform, with the removal of auxiliary electron and ion heating capabilities and the reduction of the number of magnet coils from 13 to 8. Proto-Lite is a risk-reduction platform for MPEX, where helicon wave RF-technologies can be tested, plasma scenarios developed, new workforce members trained, diagnostic systems explored, and control architectures vetted, in addition to short-pulse PMI target exposures. The diagnostic suite for Proto-Lite largely consists of systems that were ported from Proto-MPEX or that are being readied for deployment on MPEX. The current Proto-Lite diagnostic set includes (typical achieved range; data rate): double Langmuir probes (Te ∼ 1-20 eV, ne ∼ 1018-1020 m-3; 1 kHz), infrared camera imaging (T ∼ 20-150 °C; 50 Hz full frame), filtered visible camera imaging (1-18 kfps), neutral pressure gauges (P ∼ 10-4-10-2 Torr; 100 Hz), residual gas mass spectroscopy (1-100 amu), survey (400-900 nm; 1 Hz), and high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy (200 Hz). Plasma exposed samples are removed via a vacuum load-lock for ex situ analysis. This paper will give an overview of experimental measurements from Proto-Lite diagnostic systems and describe how those systems are contributing to risk-reduction research for MPEX.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid deep learning-based phase diversity method for wavefront retrieval. 基于混合深度学习的相位分集波前检索方法。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0341668

Y Rodimkov, A Kotov, K Burdonov, S Perevalov, V Volokitin, I Meyerov, A Soloviev

{"title":"Hybrid deep learning-based phase diversity method for wavefront retrieval.","authors":"Y Rodimkov, A Kotov, K Burdonov, S Perevalov, V Volokitin, I Meyerov, A Soloviev","doi":"10.1063/5.0341668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0341668","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of high-power laser systems is limited by wavefront distortions in the beam, particularly non-common path aberrations, which reduce the peak intensity at the focal plane. Compensating for non-common path aberrations requires the calibration of the adaptive optics system. Conventional calibration methods rely on a time-consuming iterative optimization that is highly sensitive to initial conditions. While deep learning-based models offer high speed, they often demonstrate insufficient accuracy. In this work, we present a hybrid wavefront retrieval method that combines a convolutional neural network to generate an initial estimate of the wavefront distortions with the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm for its subsequent refinement. In numerical simulations, this method achieved an efficiency exceeding 0.99 in 80% of the cases for a root-mean-square (RMS) of wavefront distortions up to 1.3λ. The hybrid method was experimentally validated with initial RMS wavefront distortion values ranging from 0.18 to 0.64λ. A Strehl ratio above 0.9 was reached within two correction iterations of the hybrid method in 90% of the series and within four iterations in all cases. The final average Strehl ratio was 0.96 ± 0.01, and the residual measured RMS of wavefront distortions was 0.025 ± 0.005λ.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental setup for testing nanocalorimeter sensors as a plasma diagnostics tool. 实验装置测试纳米热计传感器作为等离子体诊断工具。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350880

Carles Corbella, Feng Yi, Andrei Kolmakov

引用次数: 0

Generalized theory of second-harmonic orthogonally polarized dispersion interferometry and implementation for pulsed power electrode plasma measurements. 脉冲功率电极等离子体测量的二次谐波正交偏振色散干涉广义理论及实现。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350688

Nathan R Hines, Jens Schwarz, Thomas J Awe, Mark A Gilmore

{"title":"Generalized theory of second-harmonic orthogonally polarized dispersion interferometry and implementation for pulsed power electrode plasma measurements.","authors":"Nathan R Hines, Jens Schwarz, Thomas J Awe, Mark A Gilmore","doi":"10.1063/5.0350688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350688","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generalized theoretical framework for Second-Harmonic Orthogonally Polarized Dispersion Interferometry (SHOP-DI) and the diagnostic's implementation for time-resolved electron areal-density measurements of pulsed-power Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line (MITL) electrode plasmas. The theoretical treatment extends standard SHOP-DI analysis by deriving the detected intensity response for arbitrary second-harmonic polarization angles, establishing a detector-bandwidth-limited criterion for the maximum trackable rate of change in electron areal density, modeling a counter-rotating phase-control-window system that enables reproducible phase-offset calibration, and introducing a power-normalized analysis method which separates refractive-index-induced phase shifts from static channel imbalance and common-mode optical-power fluctuations. Guided by these developments, the diagnostic was redesigned for operation on Sandia National Laboratories' (SNL's) 1 MA Mykonos accelerator, where MITL plasmas evolve on nanosecond time scales within sub-mm Anode-Cathode (A-K) gaps. The implemented system combines a 2 GHz bandwidth, corresponding to a maximum measurable areal-density rate of change of 4.8 × 1016 1/cm2/ns, with an overlapping 1/e2 probing beam waist diameter of ∼100μm. Improved optical throughput and optomechanical stiffness enabled the experiments at Mykonos to achieve a noise-limited 1σ areal-density uncertainty of 1.6 × 1014 1/cm2. These results provide design criteria for future SHOP-DI systems and demonstrate a high-bandwidth, high-sensitivity design useful for pulsed-power electrode plasma measurements.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine-learning-based model for motional Stark effect calibrations. 基于机器学习的运动Stark效应校准模型。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350330

Jinseok Ko, Juyoung Ko

{"title":"Machine-learning-based model for motional Stark effect calibrations.","authors":"Jinseok Ko, Juyoung Ko","doi":"10.1063/5.0350330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350330","url":null,"abstract":"The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic on the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device requires a beam-into-gas calibration to remove the Faraday-rotation contribution to the measured polarization angle. Because the secondary-neutral emission that contaminates this calibration grows with the torus gas pressure, the calibration is obtained by measuring the polarization angle over a range of pressures at a fixed vacuum field and extrapolating to zero pressure. Such measurements, however, exist only for a finite and irregularly sampled set of the major experimental parameters-the neutral-beam energy, the toroidal magnetic field, and the beam source-so that a calibration matching a given plasma discharge frequently does not exist and the conventional remedy of a simple linear interpolation between the nearest calibrated points remains incomplete. This work develops a supervised machine-learning model that infers the deviation of the MSE-measured polarization angle from the vacuum field for an arbitrary combination of these parameters, using the beam-into-gas data accumulated over the KSTAR FY2025 and FY2026 campaigns. A two-stage scheme that first reproduces the zero-pressure extrapolation and then learns the configuration dependence of the resulting angle is found to perform best. The improvement over the conventional linear-interpolation approach is demonstrated through the magnetic-axis evolution and through the safety factor and current density profiles of off-axis current-drive discharges.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualization of energetic electron loss channels of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) plasma in ring trap 1 (RT-1) using an x-ray CCD camera. 环形阱1 （RT-1）中电子回旋加热等离子体高能电子损失通道的x射线CCD成像

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0355015

H Saitoh, S Aoyagi, K Watanabe, R Ishikawa, K Ueda, N Kenmochi, M Nishiura

{"title":"Visualization of energetic electron loss channels of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) plasma in ring trap 1 (RT-1) using an x-ray CCD camera.","authors":"H Saitoh, S Aoyagi, K Watanabe, R Ishikawa, K Ueda, N Kenmochi, M Nishiura","doi":"10.1063/5.0355015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0355015","url":null,"abstract":"An x-ray CCD camera was installed on RT-1, a dipole magnetic field device with a magnetically levitated superconducting (SC) coil. The diagnostic was used to investigate the loss channels of energetic electrons in electron cyclotron heating plasmas by imaging bremsstrahlung x rays generated at material surfaces. The camera views a region including the SC coil case and the coil elevator structures and has sensitivity to photons in the energy range of ∼1-12 keV. It can, therefore, visualize locations where energetic electrons, which produce a major fraction of the plasma pressure, are lost to metallic surfaces. Initial measurements were performed under mechanically supported, partially levitated, and fully levitated coil conditions. In the mechanically supported case, intense localized x-ray emission was observed from the support structure located in the relatively low-field region, indicating that this structure is the dominant energetic-electron loss surface. Magnetic levitation strongly reduced the localized emission and revealed a weaker ring-shaped loss region near the inner surface of the SC coil. Test particle orbit calculations were consistent with the observed x-ray emission patterns and qualitatively reproduced the upward shift of the energetic electron loss locations under the partially levitated condition. These observations demonstrate that energetic-electron losses in mechanically supported dipole plasmas are strongly influenced by the magnetic connectivity between the ECR region and exposed support structures. The results highlight the importance of considering energetic-electron orbit losses, in addition to mechanical constraints, when designing coil-support structures for higher-field dipole devices.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tungsten impurity behaviors from x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR). 韩国超导托卡马克超前研究（KSTAR）中钨杂质行为的x射线成像晶体光谱仪。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0345810

S G Lee

引用次数: 0

Measurement of radial electron density and temperature profile in the Wendelstein 7-X scrape off layer using the new outboard midplane thermal helium beam diagnostic. 利用新型外壁式中层热氦束诊断仪测量Wendelstein 7-X刮除层的径向电子密度和温度分布。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0350709

Foisal B T Siddiki, M Krychowiak, O Schmitz, M Vécsei, A Knieps, F Henke, D Gradic, Y Boumendjel, C Killer, A Pandey

{"title":"Measurement of radial electron density and temperature profile in the Wendelstein 7-X scrape off layer using the new outboard midplane thermal helium beam diagnostic.","authors":"Foisal B T Siddiki, M Krychowiak, O Schmitz, M Vécsei, A Knieps, F Henke, D Gradic, Y Boumendjel, C Killer, A Pandey","doi":"10.1063/5.0350709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0350709","url":null,"abstract":"A new helium beam diagnostic has been implemented at the outboard midplane of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) to measure edge plasma parameters in the scrape-off layer (SOL). The system provides localized measurements of electron density (ne) and temperature (Te) through spectroscopic observation of atomic helium emission lines combined with a collisional radiative model (CRM) with a radial spatial resolution of 4.5 mm. A gaseous beam of neutral helium atoms is injected radially into the plasma, and the resulting line emission is collected using a Schmidt Czerny Turner spectrometer. In this work, we discuss the successful implementation of the diagnostic, including the optical setup, data acquisition, and the analysis approach to obtain the ne(R, t) and Te(R, t) profiles using an advanced CRM. The diagnostic is benchmarked against a colocated alkali beam diagnostic and compared with other edge diagnostics, including the Multipurpose Manipulator, divertor Langmuir probes, and the divertor helium beam. These comparisons show that the midplane helium beam measurements are consistent with the expected edge plasma parameter range. A magnetic field line mapping methodology has also been established to enable cross-diagnostic comparisons in the three-dimensional island SOL geometry of W7-X. First, measurements from recent experimental campaigns demonstrate that the diagnostic can resolve radial ne and Te profiles in the main SOL region, providing a new capability for characterizing edge transport in W7-X.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A diagnostic platform for measuring mix in inertial confinement fusion experiments using narrowband self-emission imaging. 基于窄带自发射成像的惯性约束聚变实验混合测量诊断平台。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0348521

G N Hall, E Marley, S Davidovits, B Bachmann, T Ebert, B Hammel, V A Smalyuk, C R Weber, O L Landen, B J Kozioziemski, N H Nguyen, N Thompson, E R Casco, J A Tabimina, C M Krauland

{"title":"A diagnostic platform for measuring mix in inertial confinement fusion experiments using narrowband self-emission imaging.","authors":"G N Hall, E Marley, S Davidovits, B Bachmann, T Ebert, B Hammel, V A Smalyuk, C R Weber, O L Landen, B J Kozioziemski, N H Nguyen, N Thompson, E R Casco, J A Tabimina, C M Krauland","doi":"10.1063/5.0348521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0348521","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding hydrodynamic mix in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is vital to improving fusion performance. Spectroscopy of tungsten-doped high-density carbon capsules on the National Ignition Facility shows L-shell emission features associated with different mix mechanisms. This paper describes the development of a diagnostic platform that uses multiple spherically bent crystal optics to produce high-resolution (∼10μm) narrowband (∼7 eV) x-ray images of emission from the capsule hotspot. This technique isolates L-shell emission corresponding to tungsten dopant in different ionization states, providing a high-resolution (≤10μm) image of the tungsten distribution. Since tungsten dopant is initially a component of the capsule ablator, the ability to image the presence of tungsten within the hotspot or the compressed fuel provides a new method of measuring mix. Data are presented from a 1 MJ (laser energy) proof-of-principle experiment, demonstrating that the measurement technique is capable of imaging both tungsten injected deep into the hotspot by the capsule fill-tube and tungsten released into the exterior of the hotspot from the inner region of the doped ablator. Simulation work is presented that explores how this measurement technique might be combined with down-scattered neutron imaging to understand the effect of ice-ablator mix on the burn wave in high-performance ICF experiments.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"97 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cauchois x-ray spectrometer sensitivity variation as 1/R with distance from the source. Cauchois x射线光谱仪灵敏度随离源距离的变化为1/R。

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0348457

John Seely, Jack Glover, Albert Henins, Csilla I Szabo, Maylis Dozieres

引用次数: 0