Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第8页

Multi-camera orientation tracking method for anisotropic particles in particle-laden flows. 颗粒流中各向异性颗粒的多相机方向跟踪方法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0268815

Mees M Flapper, Elian Bernard, Sander G Huisman

引用次数: 0

On environment-related instrumental effects of ROMY (ROtational Motions in seismologY): A prototype, multi-component, heterolithic ring laser array. 地震学中的旋转运动（ROMY）的环境相关仪器效应：一个原型，多分量，异质环形激光阵列。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0242127

Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, Jan Kodet, Karl Ulrich Schreiber, Jannik Zenner, Simon Stellmer

{"title":"On environment-related instrumental effects of ROMY (ROtational Motions in seismologY): A prototype, multi-component, heterolithic ring laser array.","authors":"Andreas Brotzer, Heiner Igel, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, Jan Kodet, Karl Ulrich Schreiber, Jannik Zenner, Simon Stellmer","doi":"10.1063/5.0242127","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0242127","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) are essential scientific instruments to study a variety of geophysical phenomena. The first and so far only large-scale RLG array ROMY (ROtational Motions in seismologY) comprises four triangular, heterolithic, active RLGs and can provide high-quality, three-component rotational ground motion observations. Compared to other RLGs, often being located in underground laboratories, ROMY is a near-surface installation that is more exposed to environmental influences. The prototype design of ROMY could serve as a blueprint for high-sensitivity, six degree-of-freedom stations for geoscientific rotation sensing. Understanding and quantifying instrumental effects caused by its environment is, therefore, essential to enhance the design toward a stable and continuous operation. Geometric deformation of a heterolithic optical ring resonator introduces undesired instrumental drifts that are challenging to mitigate. Applying a classic correction for backscatter-induced errors, we achieve a reduction in short-term Sagnac frequency fluctuations of several millihertz. A new sensor network inside ROMY monitors key environmental parameters such as barometric pressure and temperature. In order to quantify deformation of the resonator, we use camera-based beam tracking and free spectral range measurements. Based on these observations, we discuss the current operational stability of ROMY and recovery methods. We relate the observed instrumental drifts to dominant environmental drivers. Using a linear, multivariate modeling approach, we can identify dominant drivers and reduce long-term drifts of the Sagnac frequency. A quantification and better understanding of environment-induced instrumental effects allows to develop strategies for a further improvement in operational stability.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

X-ray tomographic measurement and modeling for inferring tungsten impurity distribution in WEST plasmas: A review. 推断WEST等离子体中钨杂质分布的x射线层析测量和模型：综述。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0261113

D Mazon, M Chernyshova, A Jardin, Y Peysson, A Wojenski, J Colnel, D Guibert, T Czarski, K Malinowski, P Linczuk, D Colette, G Kasprowicz, K Król, K T Poźniak, R Tieulent, M Walsh

{"title":"X-ray tomographic measurement and modeling for inferring tungsten impurity distribution in WEST plasmas: A review.","authors":"D Mazon, M Chernyshova, A Jardin, Y Peysson, A Wojenski, J Colnel, D Guibert, T Czarski, K Malinowski, P Linczuk, D Colette, G Kasprowicz, K Król, K T Poźniak, R Tieulent, M Walsh","doi":"10.1063/5.0261113","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0261113","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of tungsten walls in ITER, the problem of precisely reconstructing the distribution of tungsten (W) concentration in the plasma has become all the more relevant. Among the different possible approaches, those using x-ray measurements seem particularly promising. Indeed, essential plasma parameters can be inferred from x-ray line-integrated measurements such as magnetic equilibrium, electron temperature, concentration of impurities, and their spatial distribution after tomographic inversion. Despite being extremely rich in information, the access to continuous spectral measurements is nevertheless a technical challenge rarely implemented in actual tokamaks. In this work, we review recent work on different techniques dedicated to the inference of the W impurity distribution in WEST plasmas, based on x-ray tomography diagnostics with or without energy discrimination, in particular with semiconductor and gas detectors. For this purpose, synthetic diagnostic tools have been developed for the different used detectors to validate the measurements in the presence of partially ionized W impurities in the core plasma and provide prediction for future applications in ITER.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mid-infrared asynchronous and interferometric transient absorption: Coherent averaging with sustained ergodicity for observing ultrafast dynamics in heterogeneous samples. 中红外非同步和干涉瞬态吸收：用于观察非均质样品中超快动力学的持续遍历相干平均。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0253581

Hyunmin Jang, Gi Rim Han, Tai Hyun Yoon, Minhaeng Cho

引用次数: 0

Frequency offset system to feed RF power to accelerating cavity with keeping field uniformity. 频率偏移系统，将射频功率馈送到加速腔，保持场均匀性。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0258275

Takashi Ohshima, Naoyasu Hosoda, Eito Iwai, Kota Ueshima, Shunya Takahashi, Takato Tomai, Takao Asaka, Nobuyuki Nishimori, Takahiro Inagaki

{"title":"Frequency offset system to feed RF power to accelerating cavity with keeping field uniformity.","authors":"Takashi Ohshima, Naoyasu Hosoda, Eito Iwai, Kota Ueshima, Shunya Takahashi, Takato Tomai, Takao Asaka, Nobuyuki Nishimori, Takahiro Inagaki","doi":"10.1063/5.0258275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0258275","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a novel system to feed RF power to a higher-order resonant mode (HOM)-damped cavity while maintaining field uniformity. An HOM-damped TM020 cavity has slots located at the node of the magnetic field of the accelerating mode to absorb the HOMs. The temperature of the ferrite absorbers should be kept low to maintain the damping performance of the HOMs. However, if the uniformity of the TM020 field distribution is broken, part of the power of the TM020 mode leaks into the slots, heats the absorbers, and degrades the absorbing capability of the HOMs. Therefore, it is important to maintain the field uniformity. However, the movement of the frequency tuner to resonate with the cavity during startup may cause field deformation. One solution to avoid this situation is to fabricate cavity dimensions such that the insertion of the tuner is small under the nominal RF feeding power. In this case, the resonant frequency at the cold start was higher than the designed value owing to the low cavity temperature. As a countermeasure, we added a function to the low-level RF system to shift the frequency of the RF signal fed to the cavity during startup. The system consists of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an in-phase and quadrature modulator combined with dedicated firmware running on the field-programable gate array of the DAC module. This system was introduced in NanoTerasu, a Japanese synchrotron radiation facility, and has worked as expected.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Picosecond Josephson samplers: Modeling and measurements. 皮秒约瑟夫逊采样器：建模和测量。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0255228

L Howe, B van Zeghbroeck, D Olaya, J Biesecker, C J Burroughs, S P Benz, P F Hopkins

{"title":"Picosecond Josephson samplers: Modeling and measurements.","authors":"L Howe, B van Zeghbroeck, D Olaya, J Biesecker, C J Burroughs, S P Benz, P F Hopkins","doi":"10.1063/5.0255228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255228","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of signals generated by superconducting Josephson junction (JJ) circuits require ultra-fast components located in close proximity to the generating circuitry. We report a detailed study of optimal design criteria for a JJ-based sampler that balances the highest sampler bandwidth (shortest 10%-90% rise time) with minimal sampled waveform distortion. We explore the impacts on the performance of a sampler, realized using a single underdamped JJ as the logical sampling element (the comparator), due to the type of signal-comparator coupling scheme that is utilized (galvanic, inductive, or capacitive). In these simulations, we emulate the entire waveform reconstruction sampling process, via comparator threshold detection, while sweeping the time location at which the waveform is being sampled. We extract the sampled waveform rise time [or full width at half maximum (FWHM)] as a function of the comparator's Stewart-McCumber parameter and as a function of the coupling strength between the device under test and comparator. Based on our simulation results, we design, fabricate, and characterize a cryocooled (3.6 K operating temperature) JJ sampler utilizing the NIST state-of-the-art Nb/amorphous-Si/Nb junctions. We separately sample a step signal and an impulse generator co-located on-chip with the comparator and sampling strobe generator by implementing the same binary search comparator threshold detection technique during sampler operation as is used in simulation. With this technique, the system is fully digital and automated, and the operation of the fabricated device directly mirrors simulation. Our sampler technology shows a 10%-90% rise time of 3.3 ps and the capability to measure transient pulse widths of 2.5 ps FWHM. A linear system analysis of sampled waveforms indicates a 3 dB bandwidth of 225 GHz, but we demonstrate effective measurement of signals well above this-as high as 600 GHz.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A unified system for high aspect ratio non-line-of-sight wet etching of silicon carbide via two-photon absorption. 基于双光子吸收的碳化硅高纵横比非视线湿法刻蚀的统一系统。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0248268

Jared E Payne, Hunter R J Stevenson, Gregory N Nielson, Stephen Schultz

引用次数: 0

Passage And Resonance In Synergy - PARIS: A molecular jet chirp- and tone-excitation Fourier transform microwave spectrometer for broad acquisition and high resolution. 通过和共振在协同-巴黎：分子射流啁啾和音调激发傅里叶变换微波光谱仪广泛采集和高分辨率。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0256434

Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen, Sven Herbers, Xavier Landsheere, Jens-Uwe Grabow

{"title":"Passage And Resonance In Synergy - PARIS: A molecular jet chirp- and tone-excitation Fourier transform microwave spectrometer for broad acquisition and high resolution.","authors":"Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen, Sven Herbers, Xavier Landsheere, Jens-Uwe Grabow","doi":"10.1063/5.0256434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256434","url":null,"abstract":"Jet-expansion Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for investigating isolated molecules and molecular aggregates. The coaxial beam-resonator arrangement offers unrivalled resolution, but requires repetitive frequency retuning of a high-Q resonator for survey spectra using short, resonant single-tone excitation pulses. Chirp-excitation methods, using a fast but powerful frequency-ramp signal passing over spectral line positions, dramatically reduce survey time, but at the cost of lower resolution and sensitivity for individual lines. As a consequence, many laboratories employ both spectrometer types. However, setting up individual machines with their own vacuum systems, high-frequency electronics, and control software is costly and time-consuming. We developed and constructed the PARIS (Passage And Resonance In Synergy) FTMW spectrometer, operating in the 2-20 GHz range, integrating both tone-excitation and chirp-excitation techniques in a single, resource-efficient setup: Using a modular design, most electronic components serve dual-purpose, with the integration of reflector-refocused and resonator-enhanced interaction setups in a spherical high-vacuum chamber. The chirp and single-tone excitation setups are arranged perpendicularly, with instant mode-switching, both using microwave propagation coaxial with the molecular jet-expansion. PARIS achieves a sensitivity of a few parts-per-billion for OCS diluted in neon (1%) on the resonator axis and a few parts-per-million on the broadband axis. A resolution (full width at half maximum, FWHM, of the amplitude spectrum) of ∼2 kHz is attained with both experiments, capable of resolving complex hyperfine structures, such as those from two 14N nuclei of 4-methylpyrimidine, already in broadband operation at minimum resolvable peak separation matching the respective FWHM.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced Simulation of ITER Core X-ray Crystal Spectroscopy. ITER核心x射线晶体光谱的高级模拟。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0253335

Xinyi Jin, Zhifeng Cheng, Junli Zhang, Wei Yan, Zhongyong Chen, Novimir Pablant, Lan Gao, Dian Lu, Martin O'Mullane, Raphael Tieulent, Robin Barnsley

{"title":"Advanced Simulation of ITER Core X-ray Crystal Spectroscopy.","authors":"Xinyi Jin, Zhifeng Cheng, Junli Zhang, Wei Yan, Zhongyong Chen, Novimir Pablant, Lan Gao, Dian Lu, Martin O'Mullane, Raphael Tieulent, Robin Barnsley","doi":"10.1063/5.0253335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253335","url":null,"abstract":"X-Ray Simulation Analysis (XRSA) is an analytical ray-tracing mixed code developed specifically for the ITER Core X-Ray Crystal Spectroscopy (XRCS-Core) diagnostic, which employs a dual-reflection configuration incorporating multiple pre-reflectors made of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and spherically curved analyzing crystals. The ITER XRCS-Core is designed for high spectral resolution measurement in specific wavelength ranges, including narrow bands around 1.354 Å for W64+, 2.19 Å for Xe51+, and 2.555 Å for Xe44+ and Xe47+, enabling diagnostic capability across a broad electron temperature range in the ITER plasma. XRSA facilitates efficient simulation of the spectral performance of this complex X-ray spectroscopic system. Recent updates to the XRSA code have incorporated two critical effects: auto-focusing, which specifically applies to HOPG, and polarization. These two effects are particularly important in the dual-reflection configuration used in the ITER XRCS-Core system to provide more accurate modeling results. Simulations conducted with the updated code demonstrate that polarization has a substantial impact on the performance of the dual-reflection system. Additionally, the combined influence of polarization and system layout introduces performance variations across channels through the same crystal.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective optimization of measurement accuracy of rotational viscometers based on the double cylindrical perturbation model. 基于双圆柱摄动模型的旋转粘度计测量精度的有效优化。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0251999

Yue Li, Qiangsheng Zou, Lifeng Ma

{"title":"Effective optimization of measurement accuracy of rotational viscometers based on the double cylindrical perturbation model.","authors":"Yue Li, Qiangsheng Zou, Lifeng Ma","doi":"10.1063/5.0251999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251999","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce an optimized principle for measuring liquid viscosity based on the rotational method. This principle can be further utilized in an improved dynamic torque viscosity testing system to obtain a wide range of viscosities with high accuracy. Newton's law of viscosity serves as the foundation for the traditional rotational viscosity measurement principle, which measures a liquid's viscosity by measuring its resistance to a rotating cylinder. Throughout the studies, it was discovered that the liquid's viscous interaction with the vessel's top and bottom surfaces regularly produced extra torque that would have raised the measurement results. The instability and unpredictability of the measurement core device often affect the accuracy of the measurements. Hence, we improved the calculation method for traditional viscometer measurements and used a high-precision dynamic torque sensor to modify the fundamental measuring element. To ensure the precision and dependability of the results, the experimental apparatus was calibrated and tested using standard substances (H2O and NaCl). We found that the average error of the viscosity measurements was below 2.73% within the 0-60 rpm range, with a minimum detectable difference of 1 µPa·s. Furthermore, the experimental system further stores and analyzes the data using RS485 communication with a host computer.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0