Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Dactylorhiza hatagirea</i> (D. Don) Soo.","authors":"Megha Sharma, Kumud Saklani, Gulshan K Dhingra, Sumit Purohit, Subhash Chandra","doi":"10.2174/0118722083369496250502071714","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083369496250502071714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Plant secondary metabolites include chemical compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids. The use of these ingredients in traditional medicine to prevent or treat diabetes and cancer is becoming more prevalent because of their capacity to function as antioxidant agents. The objective of the research was to estimate the quantities of total phenols and flavonoids, together with the antioxidant capacity of various Dactylorhiza hatagirea extracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu techniques, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphuric acid (ABTS) approaches were used for assessing the scavenging of free radicals. Employing standard methods, the preliminary phytochemical activity of the extract was assessed, and its reducing power was tested in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A maximum concentration of 58.88 ± 0.32 of gallic acid was identified per gram of methanolic extract as phenolic content. Quercetin, at 85.51 ± 0.40 mg/gram, had the most flavonoid content. The strongest reducing power output measured was 1.968 ± 0.01 g. In comparison, the IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays were 162.79 ± 0.24 and 39.75 ± 0.20 μg/ml, respectively. Thus, this plant differs from others in that it has potent antioxidant capabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The methanolic crude extract of D. hatagirea and the estimated contents of phenols and flavonoids exhibited potent antioxidant action, particularly against DPPH and ABTS assays. Due to its relatively high phenolic and flavonoid contents, this plant is an exciting option for treating diseases. Therefore, secondary metabolites can be found and employed as low-resistance, multi-target antioxidant drugs for treating a variety of cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as other chronic diseases that are resistant to existing antibiotics. Our plant will be patented for its pharmacological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"477-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Alcoholic Extract of <i>Allium Jesdianum</i> on Fungi-Contaminated Dairy Products.","authors":"Fatemeh Fallahi, Shirin Naghdifar, Zahra Sadri Irani, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Kazemi, Pegah Shakib, Mahboobeh Madani","doi":"10.2174/0118722083332626241129061731","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083332626241129061731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the main sources of contaminated dairy products is moldy fungi, specifically species of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of <i>Allium jesdianum</i> plant on the growth of molds contaminating dairy products in Isfahan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this patent research, 200 samples of dairy products were gathered from different areas of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of buttermilk, 40 samples of yogurt, 20 samples of curd, and 10 samples of cream. The antifungal activity of <i>Allium jesdianum</i> plant was investigated by the diffusion method in disc, well, and agar dilution in various concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fatal concentration (MFC) were also determined. <i>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium</i>, and <i>Acremonium</i> fungi were the most commonly found fungal contaminants of this investigation. Antifungal activity was not observed by disc diffusion and well diffusion methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the agar dilution method, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem and leaves in concentrations of 80, 60, 40, and 30 mg/ml, and ethanolic and methanolic extracts of plant bulbs in concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/ml revealed antifungal activity against <i>Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum</i>, and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>. The MIC of stem and leaf ethanol extracts and onion ethanol for Aspergillus niger was 18.7, and for Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum, it was 37.5, 37.5, 37.5, and 37.5 mg/ml. Fungal contamination of dairy products is a serious threat to the public health of society. Therefore, identifying medicinal plants with antifungal activity can be an effective step in preventing fungal contamination and increasing the shelf life of these products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this research have shown that the Allium jesdianum plant can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Adaption of Microbiomes to Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: An Alternate Approach to Environment Sustainability.","authors":"Kiran Dobhal, Ruchika Garg, Sayantan Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.2174/0118722083343885250326070617","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083343885250326070617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as catastrophic pollutants that can damage both the environment and human health. To restore a healthy surrounding, an environmental expert targeted the PAH contamination reduction strategy. Bioremediation techniques are overruling the conventional techniques due to their high disbursement and inefficient outcomes. Several PAHs, including Pyrene (PYR), Chrysene (CHY), Benz[a]anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Fluoranthene (FLU) Indenol [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (INP), Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), and, Dibenz [a, h] anthracene (DBA) have been identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Since PAHs are less hydrophilic and have more lipophilic properties, they are readily absorbed from the GIT of mammals. Grilled beef and chicken meat that had been charcoal-grilled contained Anthracene (ANT), BaP, Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), Phenanthrene (PHE), and PYR. The highest dietary daily intake of BkF was reported to be 1.09 μg/ day in the intestine of grilled beef and 23.22 μg/day in the stomach of grilled chicken. A number of bacterial species have been identified in the biodegradation of PAHs, including Mycobacterium gilvum <i>(M. gilvum), Sphingobium chlorophenolicum (S. chlorophenolicum), Bacillus halotolerans, Mycobacterium flavescens (M. flavescens), Micrococcus luteus, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea gasar, and Crassostrea rhizophorae, Pseudomonas putida, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis</i>, and <i>Kocuria rosea</i>. Fungi, including <i>Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus flavus</i>, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> used PAHs as the source of carbon and energy for survival. To a certain extent, algae such as Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) also depend on PAHs to survive. There are plenty of patents that have been sanctioned, including the process for producing PAHs through recycling of low molecular weight alkanes, the removal process of PAHs from the terrestrial habitats, the identification of PAHs fingerprints, the utilization of microbes obtained from different resources to degrade the PAHs into minimum catastrophic products, and so on. This review aims to highlight the calamitous effect of high molecular weight PAHs on the surrounding, and humankind, as well as the advancement in bioremediation approaches in recent years. The authors also addressed the newly isolated microbiomes, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and others, as promising candidates for using PAHs as a source of carbon and energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technologies for Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs: A Patent Landscape Analysis.","authors":"Utpal Mallick, Sumit Biswas","doi":"10.2174/0118722083369051250708143745","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083369051250708143745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The horseshoe crab, a Xiphosurid species with an ancient lineage that dates back 450 million years, has proven to be a precious asset to the pharmaceutical industry. The blood extracted from these creatures is an irreplaceable component in detecting bacterial endotoxins, crucially important in pharmaceutical and functional settings. Unfortunately, these living ancient organisms are threatened from multiple perspectives and are now considered endangered. While efforts to conserve these creatures are underway, exploring technologies for their conservation can help us understand the latest advancements in the field and shed light on areas that have not yet been targeted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analytical report is the first of its kind in this domain and provides a comprehensive overview of the available patents associated with the conservation of horseshoe crabs. Patents associated with horseshoe crabs were searched in PatSeer and the data analysed and filtered, based on relevance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis is based on an extensive dataset (413) that describes technology for conservation of these living fossils, with a focus on recombinant proteins that can be a viable alternative to the mass utilization of the horseshoe crabs for the extraction of limulus amoebocyte lysate. Other technological advances which advocate cell-free hemolymph production and the use of artificial baits to replace the traditional grassroot practices, procedures related to efficient breeding, growth, hatching and release from artificial culture systems can go a long way in the conservation of these living fossils.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The technologies and innovation reveal possible means of reducing the dependence on live animals through non-invasive methods. Novel interventions such as recombinant Factor C for endotoxin detection provide promising alternatives to conventional methods. Additionally, technological advances in aquaculture protocols provide strategies that allow for the conservation and artificial breeding of the horseshoe crab.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transitioning to recombinant Factor C, a ban on horseshoe crab baits, diversity mapping through genetic markers and artificial breeding techniques are some of the measures that can be manifested at the policy level to enhance conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"457-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production Potential of Photosynthetic Microbes: A Sustainable Source of Bioplastic.","authors":"Saima Shahzad Mirza, Kanza Yaseen, Sumaira Aslam, Ammara Fatima, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, Ayesha Ishaque, Kalsoom Fatima","doi":"10.2174/0118722083295143241220054012","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083295143241220054012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study examined Polyhydroxy butyrate production (PHB) potential of different photosynthetic microbes such as <i>Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus</i> and <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i>-PK under different nutrient conditions. Biodegradable bioplastics, such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB), derived from these microbes provide a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based nondegradable plastics.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>As the demand for clean and sustainable alternatives rises, bio-plastic is gaining attention as a viable substitute to conventional plastics. However, conventional sources of bio-plastic production have inherent limitations, which can be effectively addressed through the utilization of photosynthetic microbes e.g., microalgae, purple non sulphur bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The production of bioplastic was evaluated by cultivating the microalgae in BG-11, BBM and PNSB in synthetic growth media (MI, MII) with different nitrogen concentrations of 0%, 50% and 100%. The biopolymer (PHB) was obtained from all experiments in a wide range of concentration (7-42.8%) of dry cell weight (DCW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, algal isolate SK1 demonstrated the highest PHB content (42.8%) in BBM under 100% nitrogen starvations rendering the bioplastic exceptionally compatible and suitable for eco-friendly applications. Additionally, various patents cited by different authors on different aspects of microbial bioplastic production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrition depletion such as nitrogen scarcity induced stressful growth conditions that resulted in highest accumulation of the biopolymer PHB. Optimizing nitrogen availability is key to maximizing PHB production, making it a viable sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"122-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Biosensors in Phytochemical Research: Challenges and Breakthroughs.","authors":"Hanuman Ram Choudhary, B Dileep Kumar, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Deepak S Khobragade, Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0118722083381223250612181959","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083381223250612181959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosensors are devices that generate signals by interaction of biological elements and analytes, mainly based on their concentration. These are especially composed of enzymes or antibodies. They are associated with a physio-chemical transducer. Their rapid, simple, and real-time detection is of great importance in chemistry, analysis, and drug discovery and development. Phytoconstituents are biologically active compounds mainly synthesized by plants to support their growth and defend against various stresses. Medicinal plants and their products have a vast history of use in traditional medicine, but they are not reliable due to their narrow range and adverse and toxic effects. Moreover, they have vast therapeutic effects on humans, from antibiotics to anti-neoplastic agents. Hence, there is a need for an efficient method to detect and measure these phytoconstituents, and biosensors seem to be the solution. This article provides an overview of various biosensors that can be utilized to identify widely used phytoconstituents, also known as secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The article discusses different types of biosensors, including impedimetric immunosensors, Riboswitch-based biosensors, DNA biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and others. Furthermore, the potential for patentable innovations in biosensor technologies targeting phytoconstituent detection is also highlighted, emphasizing their growing relevance in both scientific research and commercial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"355-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Biosurfactant Isolated from Actinobacteria on the <i>bfp</i> Gene Expression of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, Isolated from Children's Stool Samples.","authors":"Sina Ghobadi, Pegah Shakib, Ashkan Dirbazian, Mohsen Zargar","doi":"10.2174/0118722083366860250623142119","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083366860250623142119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aeromonas hydrophila, a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, is frequently found in aquatic surroundings and additionally present in drinking water, sewage, and food sources. This microbe is gaining recognition as a potential threat to health, classifying it as an emerging pathogen. Biosurfactants are microbial-derived compounds that share hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that are surface active. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biosurfactant isolated from Actinobacteria on the expression of the bfp gene of A. hydrophila isolated from children's stool samples to patent the ideal method in Qom, Iran, from May 2022 to March 2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples of the desert areas of Qom province, Iran. Biochemical and molecular tests of 16S rRNA were used to identify Actinobacteria isolates. The produced biosurfactant was investigated by methods of hemolysis, oil droplet destruction, lipase production, oil expansion, emulsifying activity, and surface tension reduction measurement. The structure of biosurfactant was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and its effect on bfp gene expression was measured. Also, isolates of A. hydrophila were obtained from stool samples of children referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom from May 2022 to March 2023. Then, the effect of a biosurfactant isolated from Actinobacteria on the bfp gene expression of A. hydrophila isolates was measured by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on sequencing data, the Streptomyces genus with the ability to produce biosurfactant was isolated from the soil of the studied area, which could reduce the expression of the bfp gene after treatment with biosurfactant in clinical isolates of A. hydrophila.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The biosurfactant-producing isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. The results indicated that the biosurfactant significantly decreased bfp gene expression in A. hydrophila. This emphasizes the potential of biosurfactants to eliminate microorganisms by reducing virulence gene expression, inhibiting biofilm formation, demonstrating antimicrobial activity, and improving emulsification. The study supports the idea that biosurfactants can interfere with bacterial mechanisms that cause disease, such as biofilm formation, which is critical for pathogen persistence and resistance. Previous research also confirms the antipathogenic activity of natural isolates against A. hydrophila.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the present study show that the desert soils of Qom province are a potential area for finding actinobacterial isolates with the ability to produce biosurfactants and influence the expression of pathogenic genes of clinical isolates of A. hydrophila.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"444-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Potential to Reality: Unraveling the Factors Limiting the Use of Microalgae as Sustainable Blue Food Protein Sources - A Critical Review.","authors":"Luisa Chitolina Schetinger, Marcele Leal Nörnberg, Tatiele Casagrande do Nascimento, Leila Queiroz Zepka, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes","doi":"10.2174/0118722083358276250703100020","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083358276250703100020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae are promising and sustainable sources of blue food proteins, offering high nutritional quality, environmental resilience, and the potential to meet the rising demand for alternative proteins. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder their large-scale adoption, including production costs, regulatory barriers, protein extraction difficulties, and consumer perception. This review explores the key factors limiting the use of microalgae in the food industry, addressing economic and technological feasibility, regulatory aspects, and consumer acceptance. The analysis includes commonly used microalgae species, their nutritional profiles, and strategies for optimizing their incorporation into food products. Moreover, developing circular biorefineries and utilizing industrial wastewater for cultivation presents a viable solution to reduce costs and enhance sustainability. Additionally, advancements in protein extraction techniques, combined with technological innovations such as microencapsulation, may overcome sensory challenges, expanding consumer acceptance of microalgae-enriched products. Raising consumer awareness of the nutritional and environmental benefits of microalgae is also crucial for market adoption. Given the global need for sustainable food sources, microalgae represent a viable alternative but require scientific, regulatory, and strategic advancements, including the development and protection of innovative processes through patent filings, to become a widely adopted solution in the alternative protein industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"422-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Variation of Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> Isolated from Patients in Ramadi City, Iraq.","authors":"Omar Salih Shallal Al-Heeti, Safaa Abed Lateef Almeani, Mohammed Mukhles Ahmed, Samah Al Tawil, Yasir Merie Nayyef","doi":"10.2174/0118722083348921250420012437","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083348921250420012437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus infections in community and hospital settings presents a significant health challenge due to growing antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to:(1) perform a molecular analysis of prevalent native strains in Anbar, Iraq, (2) differentiate between various pathogenic strains using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to enhance epidemiological and surveillance efforts by relevant patents on molecular diagnostics and pathogen typing. The objective is to trace the origins of these strains and distinguish between invasive and indigenous strains. While S. haemolyticus is generally part of the normal human microbiota, it can lead to serious infections in individuals with prior injuries or surgical procedures. It is particularly skilled at developing antibiotic resistance, making it a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, largely through the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) has developed resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin through SCCmec acquisition, and hospitalassociated MRSH strains are increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The preparation of blood agar medium followed the manufacturer's guidelines. After autoclaving at 121ºC for 15 minutes, the medium was cooled to 50ºC. The mixture was then thoroughly mixed and poured into sterile Petri dishes. This medium is used for isolating and cultivating bacteria, as well as for detecting hemolytic activity and identifying the type of hemolysis. Genomic extraction and molecular screening of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were performed, followed by MLST analysis. Data were processed using the University of Nebraska Medical Center's pubMLST website.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To explore the genetic relationships among S. haemolyticus strains, their genomic DNA was analyzed using MLST typing based on the protocol from the MLST Institute database. All S. haemolyticus isolates in the study underwent MLST gene screening through PCR to verify the presence of housekeeping genes (arc, SH1200, hemH, leuB, SH1341, cfxE, and ribose ABC). PCR electrophoresis results demonstrated successful amplification of all target genes, confirming their appropriateness for MLST analysis. Three isolates were recognized as novel global strains, designated ST153, ST154, and ST155. In addition, five other strains were previously registered as ST3, ST9, ST29, ST123, and ST124.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings diverge from the established global understanding of type distribution in Asia. To combat the spread of highly resistant strains, it is crucial to monitor virulence factors and antibiotic resistance closely.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"296-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Formononetin Against the Periodontal Pathogens <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Negar Delfan, Maryam Dalaei Moghadam, Pegah Shakib, Asma Sepahdar, Zahra Naghibeiranvand","doi":"10.2174/0118722083342082241129060918","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083342082241129060918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among the bioactive isoflavones identified from different plants is formononetin. Formononetin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer qualities have all received a lot of attention lately. The goal of the current investigation was to examine formononetin's antifungal and antibacterial activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis in vitro</i>, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of formononetin, chlorhexidine, formononetin + chlorhexidine, Formononetin + nystatin, and nystatin against <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> isolates. Next, SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. A significance cutoff of P<0.05 was taken into account.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chlorhexidine + formononetin and formononetin alone had the greatest and lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against <i>E. faecalis</i>, at 6.6 and 18.3 μg/ml, respectively. With MIC values of 0.66 and 8.3 μg/ml against a <i>C. albicans</i> isolate sensitive to nystatin, the combination of formononetin + nystatin and formononetin alone was shown to have the greatest and lowest anti-candida effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrated a considerably greater antibacterial effect (P<0.05) for the combinations of formononetin + nystatin and chlorhexidine as compared to nystatin and chlorhexidine alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}