Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional Health Connection of Algae and its Pharmaceutical Value as Anticancer and Antioxidant Constituents of Drugs","authors":"S. Mirza, Sidra Akbar, Muhammad Umer Ijaz, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, Ayesha Ishaque, Kalsoom Fatima","doi":"10.2174/0118722083287672240321081428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083287672240321081428","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The marine environment is one of the major biomass producers of algae and\u0000seaweed; it is rich in functional ingredients or active metabolites with valuable nutritional\u0000health effects. Algal Metabolites derived from the cultivation of both microalgae and\u0000macroalgae may positively impact human health, offering physiological, pharmaceutical\u0000and nutritional benefits. Microalgae have been widely used as novel sources of bioactive\u0000substances. Bioactive polymers extracted from algae, such as algal fucans, Galatians, alginates\u0000phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin B12, and peptides possess antioxidant, anticoagulant,\u0000antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, anticancer, and hypocholesterolemic\u0000properties. It emphasizes that using marine-derived compounds with bioactive\u0000properties as functional food ingredients may help promote human health and prevent\u0000chronic diseases. Utilizing bioactive compounds has demonstrated notable advantages in\u0000terms of effectiveness more than conventional treatments and therapies currently in use.\u0000Despite the availability of numerous microalgae-derived products catering to human\u0000health and nutrition in the market, there remains a lack of social acceptance and awareness\u0000regarding the health benefits of microalgae. Hence, this review aims to offer a comprehensive\u0000account of the current knowledge on anticancers, antioxidants, commercially\u0000available edible algal products and therapeutics isolated from algae.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery to Revolutionize\u0000the Pharmaceutical Industry: Resources, Methods and Applications","authors":"P. Singh, Kapil Sachan, Vishal Khandelwal, Sumita Singh, Smita Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118722083297406240313090140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083297406240313090140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Traditional drug discovery methods such as wet-lab testing, validations, and\u0000synthetic techniques are time-consuming and expensive. Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches\u0000have progressed to the point where they can have a significant impact on the\u0000drug discovery process. Using massive volumes of open data, artificial intelligence\u0000methods are revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry. In the last few decades, many\u0000AI-based models have been developed and implemented in many areas of the drug development\u0000process. These models have been used as a supplement to conventional research\u0000to uncover superior pharmaceuticals expeditiously. Drug research and development\u0000to repurposing and productivity benefits in the pharmaceutical business through\u0000clinical trials. AI is studied in this article for its numerous potential uses. We have discussed\u0000how AI can be put to use in the pharmaceutical sector, specifically for predicting a\u0000drug's toxicity, bioactivity, and physicochemical characteristics, among other things. In\u0000this review article, we have discussed its application to a variety of problems, including\u0000de novo drug discovery, target structure prediction, interaction prediction, and binding affinity\u0000prediction. AI for predicting drug interactions and nanomedicines were also considered.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Peptide with RGD Tumor Homing Motif: Evaluation of its Anticancer Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colon Cancer Cells","authors":"Reda Abdallah Mohamed, Ohoud M. Marie, Dahlia I. Badran, O. Hammam, Hend Okasha","doi":"10.2174/0118722083300452240315035722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083300452240315035722","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Peptide-based therapy has emerged as a promising avenue for\u0000treating various disorders, and recent research has highlighted the potential of anti-cancer\u0000peptides (ACPs) in cancer treatment. In this context, this study aimed to design a novel\u0000peptide incorporating a tumor-homing peptide (RGD) and C-amidation to enhance its anticancer\u0000activity, particularly against liver (HepG2) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The primary objective was to design a peptide with improved anticancer\u0000properties by leveraging the tumor-homing capabilities of RGD and enhancing its activity\u0000through C-amidation. The study sought to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the designed\u0000peptide against red blood cells (RBCs) and normal Vero cells. Furthermore, the anticancer\u0000efficacy of the peptide was assessed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colon\u0000cancer (HCT-116) cell lines. The specific objectives included examining the apoptotic\u0000induction and morphological changes in treated cells compared to untreated cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The peptide was designed using the ACPred-FL bioinformatics tool, and its\u0000cytotoxicity was assessed through hemolysis assays against RBCs and normal Vero cells.\u0000Anticancer activity was evaluated against HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines. The analysis\u0000of apoptotic induction involved measuring the relative gene expression of oncogenic\u0000marker BCL2 and apoptotic markers (BAX, BID, CAS-8). Additionally, Cytopathological\u0000examination and Western Blot analysis were employed to study morphological\u0000changes and confirm the quantification of relevant markers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The designed peptide, consisting of twelve amino acids with a molecular mass\u0000of 1230.6233 Da and an isoelectric point of 9.81, exhibited low erythrocyte lysis and\u0000minimal toxicity to normal cells. The IC50 values demonstrated significant anticancer\u0000activity against both HepG2 (36.49±2.6 μg/mL) and HCT-116 (11.03±2.5 μg/mL) cell\u0000lines. Treated cells exhibited a significant decrease in the oncogenic marker BCL2 and an\u0000upregulation of apoptotic markers (BAX, BID, CAS-8). Western Blot analysis confirmed\u0000these findings, and Cytopathological examination revealed scattered apoptotic and degenerative\u0000changes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The designed peptide displayed remarkable anticancer activity against\u0000hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer cell lines, effectively modulating apoptotic\u0000and oncogenic markers. These findings highlight the potential of the peptide as a therapeutic\u0000agent for cancer treatment, emphasizing its clinical significance in combating liver\u0000and colon cancers. Nonetheless, further research and development are warranted to explore\u0000the translational potential of this peptide in clinical settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patents Selections","authors":"","doi":"10.2174/187220831801231013004218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187220831801231013004218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"46 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"Younes Ghasemi","doi":"10.2174/187220831801231012235532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187220831801231012235532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" 734","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Camelus dromedaries Immune Single Domain Antibodies Library for Development of Schistosoma mansoni Specific Nanobodies Using Phage Display Strategy","authors":"Hadeer Adel El-Kalamawy, Mohamed Awwad, Tarek Diab, Hend Okasha, Amal M. Abdel-Kareim, M. Marawan, Salma A. Shoulah, E. El-Dabaa","doi":"10.2174/0118722083275669231227063413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083275669231227063413","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Schistosoma mansoni poses a considerable global public health\u0000challenge. In Egypt, approximately 60% of the inhabitants in the Northern and Eastern\u0000areas of the Nile Delta are affected by this parasite, whereas the Southern region experiences\u0000a significantly lower infection rate of 6%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Schistosoma (S.) mansoni infect 60% of the population in the Northern and Eastern parts of the Nile Delta and only 6% in the Southern part. Therefore, seeking for cost effective, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for rapid detection of S. mansoni is necessary. Variable domains of camelid heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) which are known as nanobodies (Nb) are approximately 15 kDa in size with high affinity to their antigens. Phage display technology was used in construction of Nbs library based on the camelid VHH framework for selection of S. mansoni specific Nbs\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Construction of an immune phage display Nbs library based on the VHH framework\u0000for selecting S. mansoni-specific Nbs for seeking cost-effective, sensitive, and specific\u0000diagnostic tools for rapidly detecting Schistosoma mansoni.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Camel was immunized using soluble adult worm antigens (SAWP) for the production\u0000of Variable domains of heavy chains of camelid heavy-chain only antibodies\u0000(VHHs), which are known as nanobodies (Nb). The PBMCs repertoires VHH sequences\u0000library have been constructed with a high percentage of insertion and right orientation using\u0000pADL-23c phagmid and M13 phage followed by three rounds of bio-panning against\u0000SAWP using phage display technique. Evaluations using polyclonal phage ELISA and\u0000other techniques have been carried out to reveal the successful enrichment of anti-SAWP\u0000Nbs (VHH) clones. Evaluation of the diagnostic potentiality of these Nbs was carried out\u0000using ELISA on human serum samples confirmed for S. mansoni infection. Receiver Operator\u0000of Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used for discrimination between S.\u0000mansoni infection and both negative controls and the Fasciola hepatica group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using monoclonal ELISA, Nbs of 22 clones out of 24 selected clones showed\u0000binding affinity to SAWP. The cutoff values of the produced anti-S. mansoni Nbs was >\u00000.19, leading to 80% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 90% accuracy. Sequence analysis of\u0000three of these Nbs with high binding affinities showed diversity in their targets, considering\u0000their CDR3 aa sequences.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using monoclonal ELISA, Nbs of 22 clones out of 24 selected clones showed binding affinity to SAWP. Sequence analysis of three of these Nbs with high binding affinities showed diversity in their targets considering their CDR3 aa sequences.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study successfully produced high diversity, anti-S.mansoni VHHs enriched\u0000phage library and the generated nanobodies have high diagnostic potential for S.\u0000mansoni infection in human patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We had successfully constructed high diversity VHH immune library against S. mansoni SAWP which can be efficiently used to develop anti-S. mansoni Nbs for diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies.","authors":"Sahil Kashyap, Shikha Kamboj, Rohit Kamboj, Kumar Guarve, Sweta Kamboj","doi":"10.2174/0118722083275041231219060829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083275041231219060829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases. Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe, and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases and their Future Aspects.","authors":"Aliya Firdaus, Mohd Hadi Yunus, Syed Khalida Izhar, Uzma Afaq","doi":"10.2174/0118722083278561231212072408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083278561231212072408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilization of medicinal plants in the treatment of respiratory diseases has a rich history dating back centuries. This study delves into the diverse range of plant species known for their therapeutic properties, with a specific focus on their applications in respiratory health. Medicinal plants have played a crucial role as a source of ingredients for medications and the synthesis of drugs. Globally, over 35,000 plant species are employed for medicinal purposes, particularly in emerging countries where traditional medicine, predominantly plant-based pharmaceuticals, serves as a primary healthcare resource. This review highlights the significance of medicinal plants, such as aloe, ginger, turmeric, tulsi, and neem, in treating a wide array of common respiratory ailments. These plants contain bioactive compounds, including tannins, alkaloids, sugars, terpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids, which have diverse therapeutic applications. Some medicinal plants, notably Echinacea purpurea and Zingiber officinale, exhibit potential for adjuvant symptomatic therapy in respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, asthma, the common cold, cough, and whooping cough. The leaves of medicinal plants like Acacia torta, Ocimum sanctum, Mentha haplocalyx, Lactuca virosa, Convolvulus pluricaulis, and Acalypha indica are commonly used to address pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, colds, and cough. This review aims to shed light on specific medicinal plants with therapeutic value, providing valuable insights for researchers in the field of herbal medicine. These plants hold the potential to serve as novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139562963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Secretory form of RTX-A as an Anticancer Toxin: An\u0000In Silico Approach","authors":"Mortaza Taheri‐Anganeh, Navid Nezafat, S. Gharibi, S. H. Khatami, Farzaneh Vahedi, Zahra Shabaninejad, Marzieh Asadi, A. Savardashtaki, A. Movahedpour, Hassan Ghasemi","doi":"10.2174/0118722083267796231210060150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083267796231210060150","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is a leading cause of death and a significant public health\u0000issue worldwide. Standard treatment methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and\u0000surgery are only sometimes effective. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed\u0000for cancer treatment. Sea anemone actinoporins are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) with\u0000membranolytic activities. RTX-A is a type of PFT that interacts with membrane phospholipids, resulting in pore formation. The synthesis of recombinant proteins in a secretory\u0000form has several advantages, including protein solubility and easy purification. In this\u0000study, we aimed to discover suitable signal peptides for producing RTX-A in Bacillus\u0000subtilis in a secretory form.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Signal peptides were selected from the Signal Peptide Web Server. The probability and secretion pathways of the selected signal peptides were evaluated using the\u0000SignalP server. ProtParam and Protein-sol were used to predict the physico-chemical\u0000properties and solubility. AlgPred was used to predict the allergenicity of RTX-A linked\u0000to suitable signal peptides. Non-allergenic, stable, and soluble signal peptides fused to\u0000proteins were chosen, and their secondary and tertiary structures were predicted using\u0000GOR IV and I-TASSER, respectively. The PROCHECK server performed the validation\u0000of 3D structures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000According to bioinformatics analysis, the fusion forms of OSMY_ECOLI and\u0000MALE_ECOLI linked to RTX-A were identified as suitable signal peptides. The final\u0000proteins with signal peptides were stable, soluble, and non-allergenic for the human body.\u0000Moreover, they had appropriate secondary and tertiary structures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The signal above peptides appears ideal for rationalizing secretory and soluble RTX-A. Therefore, the signal peptides found in this study should be further investigated through experimental research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"34 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> and <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> in Hydroponic System and Compare its Chemical Constituents with Soil-Based Method: A Prospective in Agriculture.","authors":"Shilpa Debnath, Alok Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1872208317666230601104843","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1872208317666230601104843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The forthcoming problems will be of food, and soil due to environmental alteration, growing populations, pollution, and exhaustion of natural resources among other factors. Hydroponic farming has the capacity to alleviate the intimidation of these con-cerned issues in the agricultural system. Hydroponics is recommended as an alternative way to enhance product yield compared to conventional agriculture.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to determine the different growth parameters and constituents of soil-grown and hydroponically grown <i>Trachyspermum ammi </i> and <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> for the first time, which could be a patentable in future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, extraction was carried out by maceration method using methanol as a solvent whereas, growth parameters were performed by the leaves number, plant height, and leaf area. Chlorophyll content was also performed in both sources. Further, a comparison of chemical constituents from different sources was analyzed by GC-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bioactive components in hydroponically grown <i>T. ammi</i> were found more as compared to soil-grown <i>T. ammi</i>. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various compounds in the methanolic extract of plant materials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hence, hydroponics could be an alternative in agriculture and this system is now accepted globally. This method provides diverse perspectives for farmers to harvest high-yield, better quality, and enhanced bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44406029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}