Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Optimized Protocol for Sorghum Regeneration: Enhancing Embryogenic Callus Formation from Immature Inflorescences.","authors":"Bangaru Naidu Thaddi","doi":"10.2174/0118722083362270250116101522","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083362270250116101522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to develop an efficient and reproducible in vitro protocol for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration in multiple sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L. Moench) cultivars, thereby establishing a foundation for genetic transformation, mutation breeding, and other biotechnological applications aimed at enhancing sorghum crop improvement and productivity.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) is an important cereal crop known for its adaptability to harsh environments and nutritional value. Despite its significance, sorghum remains challenging for <i>in vitro</i> propagation due to difficulties in regenerating callus tissue, especially from monocotyledonous explants. Callus induction and regeneration protocols are crucial for genetic transformation, mutation breeding, and biotechnological applications in sorghum improvement.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish an effective <i>in vitro</i> protocol for callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration using different sorghum cultivars, optimizing conditions for highfrequency embryogenic callus formation and plant regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six sorghum cultivars (IS 3477, IS 33095, IS 7155, IS 2898, IS 7005, and IS 1202) were selected. Immature inflorescence explants were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction. After 14 days, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli were distinguished. Regeneration media were optimized using embryogenic calli, with 1.5 mg/l 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) for shoot development and 1 mg/l NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) in a half-strength MS medium for root development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two distinct forms of calli were observed: a non-embryogenic light yellow callus and a white, granular embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus induction frequency varied from 40% to 96% among the cultivars, with IS 3477 and IS 33095 exhibiting the highest frequencies (96% and 88%, respectively), while IS 1202 showed the lowest (40%). Regenerated shoots were successfully developed within 6-18 days and later transferred to a rooting medium, resulting in healthy plantlets. Transplanted plantlets showed normal growth and no morphological abnormalities in the field.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a reliable protocol for efficient callus induction and plant regeneration in multiple sorghum cultivars. The optimized conditions can be utilized for genetic studies, crop improvement, and biotechnological applications, thus contributing to the advancement of sorghum breeding and biotechnology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"194-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction and Characterization of Iturin A as a Key Factor in the Antagonism of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> M13RW01 Toward Pathogenic Fungi.","authors":"Mahsa Aghaali Marnani, Mahboobeh Madani, Pegah Shakib","doi":"10.2174/0118722083352297250326041149","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083352297250326041149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> contains several fungal inhibitory compounds, such as peptides and lipopeptides, representing the remarkable potential for biotechnological, agricultural, and biopharmaceutical applications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research aimed to extract and characterize iturin A as the key antagonism factor of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> M13RW01 toward pathogenic fungi, using HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain M13-RW01 isolated from Isfahan soil was used. The lipopeptide compounds of B. amyloliquefaciens were examined for antagonistic performance against Aspergillus niger PTCC 5010, Mucor hiemalis PTCC 5292, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> CBS 62087, and Penicillium chrysogenum PTCC 5037 by well diffusion and percentage of growth inhibition. The crude extract was run on Waters μBondpak C18 column in the HPLC system to separate the antibiotics. Major antibiotics were analyzed based on MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPLC analysis demonstrated that the lipopeptide compound is similar to iturin A. Moreover, MS analysis of these compounds and purified iturin A revealed a high similarity between them, with the same molecular ion peaks identified. Results showed that the produced lipopeptides by <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> were of iturin A genum. The molecular ion peaks of the B. amyloliquefaciens M13RW01 methanolic fraction were at 1027.10, 1043.05, 1058, 1066, 1072, 1088.95. These compounds restrained fungal germination and growth. Inhibition growth percentages were 79.28, 76.13, 84.47and 59.15% for <i>Aspergillus niger, Mucor hiemalis, Fusarium oxysporum</i>, and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the present study, <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> M13RW01 lipopeptides are able to inhibit the growth of some fungi. B. amyloliquefaciens M13-RW01 isolated from Isfahan soil plays an essential part in antagonizing pathogenic fungi. Thus, this antifungal lipopeptide is supposed to be a biological protection agent for agricultural products and patents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intellectual Property Rights Effects on India's Pharmaceutical Industry.","authors":"Virendra S Gomase, Suchita P Dhamane, Swati C Jagdale","doi":"10.2174/0118722083344893250411032817","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083344893250411032817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Indian pharmaceutical industry took full advantage of the \"process patent regime\". It aggressively pursued the expansion of its market share by offering the most reasonably priced generic versions of pharmaceuticals to emerging and developing nations. The Indian government remained neutral over the implementation of the TRIPS agreement until 2005. Indian pharmaceutical patent law is distinct from legislation in other nations in several ways, some of which are among the most critical intellectual property issues in the nation. Over the past thirty years, the lack of product patent protection has been a significant setback for the Indian pharmaceutical business. \"Molecules\" that were patented and protected internationally but which India failed to protect. The Act's ambiguity makes it common for opponents of pharmaceutical patents to file unreasonable serial pre-grant oppositions. In addition, the number of pre-grant opposition filings is surging exponentially. The potential for revocation, oppositions before and after the grant, and counterclaims in cases of infringement are just a few of the challenges that may arise during the process of a patent. The TRIPS Agreement compliance of the Indian patent system will be guaranteed by the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2005, and the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004. Nonetheless, another notable accomplishment of the Ordinance and the Rules is the progressive change of the Indian patent prosecution system. In keeping with its international obligations, the Indian government is working to create a patent system that encourages technical development. Additionally, India is working to alleviate concerns about the inadequate enforcement of its current intellectual property rules.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable and Sustainable Biorefinery: A Patent Review.","authors":"Sara Aparecida Alexandre, Paulo Afonso Granjeiro, Jose Antonio da Silva, Daniel Bonoto Goncalves","doi":"10.2174/0118722083343982250312192000","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083343982250312192000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Biorefineries can refer to forms of fuel production through renewable biomass derivatives, using different structures of lignocellulosic material, such as lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. From lignin, we can produce natural binders and adhesives, among other products. With hemicellulose, we can produce emulsifiers, resins, or lubricants, for example. Using cellulose, we can produce fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, or even solvents. Fuels from biorefineries can replace, totally or partially, non-renewable fuels that pollute the environment, such as oil. Considering the climate emergency, we are experiencing, the tendency to reduce the availability of oil, and the negative environmental impacts caused by it, fuels obtained through the processing of renewable plant materials present themselves as a good alternative to replacing fossil fuels. Firstgeneration ethanol (1G) can be obtained by fermenting, for example, sugar cane juice. Secondgeneration (2G) ethanol can be obtained by processing lignocellulosic waste. In this process, there must be pre-treatment and hydrolysis of the biomass before the fermentation and distillation processes. Third-generation ethanol (3G) can be obtained through the fermentation of substrate present in microalgae. Fourth-generation ethanol (4G), in turn, involves the integration of production processes from other generations, increasing the efficiency of 2G and 3G processes for ethanol production.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of this study was to investigate the scenario of patent registrations filed both on the google patents platform and espacenet, which proposes the production of fuels from biorefineries, that are renewable and sustainable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Although there are other lignocellulosic products originating from biorefineries, we will limit ourselves to patents aimed at the production of cellulosic ethanol. The search covered patents filed in the last 5 years (2019-2023). The 10 patents from each of the 3 biotechnological areas were selected, classified as agriculture, environment, and bioprocesses/bioengineering, totaling 30 patents to be analyzed. After selecting patents through the insertion of keywords and Boolean operators, the patents were selected by reading the title, its summary, and, finally, the full document to verify which were aligned with the study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Analysis of the documents revealed that, in most cases, China leads the way in patent applications involving the use of fuels, such as cellulosic ethanol, which are environmentally renewable and sustainable. The main strategies for the production of renewable and sustainable fuels in the context of biorefineries explore mechanisms for reusing agricultural waste, pre-treatment of residual biomass, and reuse of biorefinery waste, among other technologies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The future perspective is that the production of renewa","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"49-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Two-Way Role: Biological and Anti-Epileptic Properties of Imidazole and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivatives.","authors":"Geetika Goel, Jannat Ul Firdous","doi":"10.2174/0118722083345879250403115017","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083345879250403115017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imidazole and 2-mercapto benzimidazole analogues are a group of molecules that have various biological activities and good therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy. This review explores their dual role, focusing on their biological properties and anti-epileptic effects. A spectrum of biological activities is displayed by imidazole derivatives and 2- mercaptobenzimidazole, such as antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions, leading to their therapeutic flexibility apart from epilepsy treatment. Imidazole derivatives mechanistically modulate Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) receptors, inhibit ion channels, and exert neuroprotective effects, enabling them to be used for seizure control. Their mechanisms of action involve modulation of oxidative stress pathways as well as providing neuroprotective effects against epilepsy. In terms of structure, both imidazole and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives have gone through extensive structure-activity relationship studies to enhance their biological and pharmacological aspects. However, numerous concerns, such as bioavailability, selectivity, and side effects, hinder their effective application in the treatment of various diseases. Looking forward, further research into novel derivatives and patented formulation strategies holds promise for enhancing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. This review consolidates current knowledge, emphasizing the multifaceted roles of imidazole and 2- mercapto benzimidazole derivatives in biological systems and their potential as antiepileptic agents, thus providing insights for future research and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"222-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> Anticancer Efficacy of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> Leaf Extract in Ehrlich's Carcinoma-Bearing BALB/c Mice.","authors":"Sushmita Semwal, Neeraj Kumar, Bhuwan Chandra Joshi, Piyush Verma","doi":"10.2174/0118722083421148251202083435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083421148251202083435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The plant Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & C.H. Ebern. (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly known as 'tejpaat' in India, has leaves and bark reported to possess anticancer, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, and diuretic activities. The objective of the present study was to explore the antitumor potential of the chloroform extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves (CTCE) in BALB/c mice against Ehrlich's Carcinoma (EC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on preliminary in-vitro cytotoxicity studies, CTCE was selected for an in-vivo antitumor study. Anticancer activity of CTCE was evaluated in BALB/c mice against EC at the doses of 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight. CTCE was administered for 15 consecutive days after induction of the tumor. After 24 hours from the last administered dose and 18 hours of fasting, half of the mice were sacrificed, while the other half was kept alive to evaluate any potential for increasing the lifespan. The antitumor effect of CTCE was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, hematological parameters, and the life span of the EC-bearing host.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTCE showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in tumor volume and increased the lifespan of EC tumor-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner compared with the untreated group. The hematological profile, including RBC count, hemoglobin, WBC count, and DLC, was also improved upon treatment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>C. tamala chloroform extract (CTCE) showed significant anticancer potential by reducing cell viability, inhibiting tumor growth, and prolonging survival without toxicity, suggesting it as a promising source of bioactive compounds for anticancer drug development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that CTCE exhibits dose-dependent anticancer activity in comparison with EC control mice and demonstrates significant effects relative to doxorubicin. Its antitumor activity may be attributed to the presence of active constituents within the extract. This investigation also highlights recent advancements in intellectual property rights and patent strategies related to plant-derived anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"20 3","pages":"387-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Modern Therapeutic Properties and Folk Medicinal Riches of <i>Rubia cordifolia</i>.","authors":"Diksha Sharma, Divya Jain, Deepika Bhatia","doi":"10.2174/0118722083359338250611055647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083359338250611055647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rubia cordifolia (Manjishtha), a perennial herb of the Rubiaceae family, has been valued in traditional medicine for its diverse pharmacological properties. Predominantly cultivated in hilly regions, its roots have been historically used for their red pigment and therapeutic applications in Ayurveda. R. cordifolia has been traditionally employed for skin diseases, menstrual disorders, snake bites, herpes, eye diseases, haemorrhoids, and fractures. Modern research highlights its potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties, with evidence supporting its role in managing acne, inflammation, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and infectious diseases. Furthermore, its integration into various Ayurvedic formulations emphasizes its clinical significance. A comprehensive literature review highlights its bioactive compounds and their therapeutic relevance in modern medicine. The review aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacological impacts, the active components, and the medicinal applications of R. cordifolia. It uncovers new bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, or novel formulations, patent protection becomes essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"20 3","pages":"342-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halo-tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhancing Mustard Seed Growth Under Salinity Stress for Sustainable Agriculture.","authors":"Kusum Sharma, Pawan Kumar Sharma, S Rajendra Prasad, Anupam Singh, Divya Jain, Sachidanand Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118722083354790250202145831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083354790250202145831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salinity is one of the primary environmental factors that significantly impact global crop production. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation to crops improves the productivity of the crops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To develop a biofertilizer specifically for saline soil, bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of mustard plants along with the plant growth-promoting traits grown in saline soil (EC 6 dS m). Halotolerant 22 bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the rhizospheric soil mustard crop, Purvanchal (Indian state). According to the study, 54.54% of the isolates had phosphate solubilization efficiencies ranging from 7% to 27% on plate assays. According to quantitative measurements, 63.63% of the strains exhibited the ability to solubilize phosphate, with degrees of solubilization varying between 0.49 and 3.34 μg/ml. Furthermore, 50% of the isolates showed the ability to solubilize zinc, with solubilization rates varying from 12% to 53%. Further 59.09% of the bacterial strains showed ammonium production test; these strains were classified as having low (+), medium (++), and high (+++) levels of ammonium production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the research, these halo-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have particular functional properties that may help mustard crops grow more rapidly in salinity-stressed environments. Because these PGPR strains increase nutrient availability and stimulate plant development, they may find use in agriculture, especially in saline settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study emphasizes how crucial it is to use PGPR with particular nutrient mobilization features to promote crop growth under difficult circumstances. The identification of these efficient strains may lead to the development of patent biofertilizers designed for saline soils, further supporting their application in modern agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"180-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Approaches and Innovative Strategies for Individualized Patient Care.","authors":"Amnesh Kumar Verma, Kuldeep Singh, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Shivendra Kumar, Divya Jain","doi":"10.2174/0118722083359334250116063638","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083359334250116063638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personalized medicine is an evolving paradigm that aims to tailor therapeutic interventions to individual patient characteristics. With a growing understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, tailored therapies are becoming more feasible and effective. This review highlights the significant advancements in personalized medicine, focusing specifically on pharmacological strategies. The article explores the integration of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in drug development and therapy optimization. Pharmacogenomics, the customization of drug therapy based on an individual's genetic makeup, receives particular emphasis. This leads to the identification of specific biomarkers that can predict therapeutic response, drug toxicity, and susceptibility to various diseases. Additionally, the development of patented drugs and personalized therapeutic approaches based on these discoveries underscores the innovation in this field. Together with computational tools and artificial intelligence, these advancements contribute to tailored treatment plans for patients with conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. We also highlight the challenges and ethical considerations in implementing personalized medicine, such as data privacy, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. We outline future prospects and ongoing research in this field, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts between researchers, clinicians, pharmacists, and regulatory authorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"89-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Properties of Formulated Skin Serum Containing Coelomic Fluid of Earthworm <i>Eisenia fetida/andrei</i>.","authors":"Parisa Imeni, Mehdi Zarabi, Pegah Shakib, Ashkan Dirbaziyan","doi":"10.2174/0118722083342120250426085714","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083342120250426085714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>In this study, the coelomic fluid of Eisenia fetida/ andrei species was used for the first time to prepare an anti-aging serum, and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties were investigated. In addition, its cytotoxicity on mouse fibroblast cells was measured as material for the production of natural anti-aging products.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of coelomic fluid extracted from <i>Eisenia fetida/andrei</i>. Earthworms were cultured for a year, and their coelomic fluid was extracted using an electroshock method, sterilized, and lyophilized into powder. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using MIC assays. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity effects on L929 and NHEK cell lines were assessed using MTT assays. Oxidative stress and enzymatic activities were analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity in NHEK cells treated with coelomic fluid. A serum formulation incorporating coelomic fluid was prepared and subjected to stability tests, including pH, temperature, mechanical, and heavy metal residue analysis. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the serum were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software (version 0.26). Results highlight the multifunctional potential of coelomic fluid for biomedical and cosmetic applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coelomic fluid exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs of 0.15 mg/mL for both E. coli and S. aureus, showing significant inhibition at higher concentrations. Ciprofloxacin and penicillin demonstrated stronger effects compared to the coelomic fluid. Antioxidant activity increased with concentration, achieving 77% inhibition at 10 mg/mL, with an IC50 of 10.67 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed no significant toxicity below 20 mg/mL, with enhanced cell viability at 2.5-5 mg/mL and restorative effects on fibroblasts at 10 mg/mL. Oxidative stress assays indicated reduced lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity without inducing significant oxidative stress. Measurement of residues of mercury and lead in the sera showed that they were less than 0.01 ppm for mercury and less than 0.03 and 0.05 ppm for lead, respectively. These levels are below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approved limits for these metals. Aqueous serum containing coelomic fluid showed similar antibacterial and antioxidant properties, emphasizing its potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results show that the use of earthworm coelomic fluid in skin care serum slows the aging process and restores damaged cells. The results of the present study can be considered as a patent.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}