Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Carvacrol: Innovative Synthesis Pathways and Overview of its Patented Applications.","authors":"Reda El Boukhari, Ahmed Fatimi","doi":"10.2174/0118722083292888240223094707","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083292888240223094707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research concerns the patentability of carvacrol; it could be helpful for researchers to easily identify any innovation in the biotechnological application of this monoterpene as well as other similar compounds.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Like thyme or oregano, several plants in the Lamiaceae family produce carvacrol. It is one of the secondary metabolites with several biological activities, including the improvement in plants' resistance and their protection. Carvacrol has many chemical properties, such as antioxidant and anti-microbial, which have made it interesting for multiple biotechnological applications in the fields of food, feed, pharmacology, and cosmetology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We have made an attempt to demonstrate the value of carvacrol, first by studying quantitative data from patent documents, and then, through some relevant patents, we have tried to highlight the various fields of innovation related to the properties of carvacrol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For the study, we have collected and sorted patent documents (i.e., patent applications and granted patents) from specialized patent databases, using \"carvacrol\" and some of its synonyms as keywords. The selected documents have included these keywords in their titles, abstracts, or claims. Then, thanks to patent analysis, we have tried to provide an overview of the useful properties of organic compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have shown that about 90% of the patent documents studied have been published in the 2000s. The number of publications, which is constantly increasing, demonstrates the growing interest in carvacrol. Although the applications of carvacrol are varied, the data on the IPC classification show that most published innovations are concerned with formulations in the fields of health, food, and feed. The study of the most relevant patents has allowed us to highlight some developments in the extraction and synthesis of carvacrol and some examples of patents that illustrate the wide possibilities offered by the exploitation of carvacrol. Thus, we have discussed its use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural fields.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carvacrol is a natural compound with beneficial properties. Several applications using this monoterpene have already been patented in different fields. However, the evolution of patentability has grown this past year and revealed the potential of carvacrol in biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Anthraquinones: Diverse Health Benefits of an Essential Secondary Metabolite.","authors":"Mushfa Khatoon, Amita Dubey, Km Janhvi","doi":"10.2174/0118722083301761240628083511","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083301761240628083511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since ancient times, plants have been used as a remedy for numerous diseases. The pharmacological properties of plants are due to the presence of secondary metabolites like terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Anthraquinones represent a group of naturally occurring quinones found generously across various plant species. Anthraquinones attract a significant amount of attention due to their reported efficacy in treating a wide range of diseases. Their complex chemical structures, combined with inherent medicinal properties, underscore their potential as agents for therapy. They demonstrate several therapeutic properties such as laxative, antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc. Anthraquinones are found in different forms (derivatives) in plants, and they exhibit various medicinal properties due to their structure and chemical nature. The precursors for the biosynthesis of anthraquinones in higher plants are provided by different pathways such as plastidic hemiterpenoid 2-C-methyl-D-erthriol4-phosphate (MEP), mevalonate (MVA), isochorismate synthase and polyketide. Anthraquinones possess several medicinal properties and a complex biosynthetic pathway, making them good candidates for patenting new products, synthesis methods, and biotechnological production advancements. By conducting a thorough analysis of scientific literature, this review provides insights into the intricate interplay between anthraquinone biosynthesis and its broad-ranging contributions to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"179-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of Microorganisms in Causing Rain and Snow.","authors":"Rimple Kaul, Sunita Devi, Megha Sharma, Subhash Chand","doi":"10.2174/0118722083330941240910120542","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083330941240910120542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various natural phenomena (such as solar fluctuations, oceanic patterns, volcanic eruptions, and tectonic movements) alongside human activities (including deforestation, CO and CO₂ emissions, and desertification) contribute to ongoing climate change and subsequent global warming. However, human actions significantly exacerbate global warming, amplifying its adverse impacts worldwide. With rising temperatures, water evaporation from water bodies and soils intensifies, leading to heightened water scarcity, particularly in drought-prone regions. This scarcity compounds rainfall deficits, posing significant challenges. Precipitation, essential for the biosphere's hydrological cycle, replenishes much of the world's freshwater. It occurs when condensed water vapor in the atmosphere falls back to Earth as rain, drizzle, sleet, graupel, hail, or snow due to gravity. Literature highlights the indispensable role of microbial populations in this process, termed bio-precipitation. This phenomenon begins with microbial colonization on plant surfaces, with colonies subsequently dispersed into the atmosphere by winds, triggering ice crystal formation. Through their ice nucleating property, these microbes facilitate the growth of larger ice crystals, which eventually melt and precipitate as rain or snow. This mechanism aids in nutrient transfer from clouds to soil or vegetation. Pseudomonas syringae stands out as the most notable microorganism exhibiting this ice-nucleation property, serving as the primary source of ice nucleators driving bio-precipitation. Despite limited literature on \"rain and snow-causing microorganisms,\" this review comprehensively explores the conceptual background of bio-precipitation, the involved bioprocesses, and the critical role of bacteria like P. syringae, offering insights into future research directions and patent innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Patent Landscape on Methane Oxidizing Bacteria (MOB) or Methanotrophs.","authors":"Abhishek Bokad, Manasi Telang","doi":"10.2174/0118722083316359240915173125","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083316359240915173125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) or methanotrophs are a category of bacteria that rely on methane as their primary carbon and energy source. Methane is the second most abundant greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and is comparatively far more potent in trapping heat in the atmosphere. MOBs are important microorganisms in the global carbon cycle where they play a crucial role in the oxidation of methane. The present review provides a comprehensive patent landscape on technology development using MOB. The first patent in this technology domain was recorded in 1971, with a notable surge in activity observed in 2020. A detailed patent analysis revealed that the early inventions were mainly focused on the production of various metabolites and bioremediation using MOB. In the later years, patents were filed in the area of identification of various species of MOB and their large-scale production. From 2010 onwards, consistent patent filing was observed in the genetic engineering of MOB to enhance their methane oxidizing capacity. The United States and China have emerged as the global leaders in terms of patent filing in this technology space. Precigen Inc. and Exxon Research Engineering Co., US were the top patent assignees followed by the University of Tsinghua and Calysta Inc. The Highest number of patent applications have claimed metabolite production by using MOB followed by their use in bioremediation. Methylosinus has emerged as the predominant microorganism of choice for methane oxidation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"301-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Orchids.","authors":"Saranjeet Kaur, Akash Deb","doi":"10.2174/0118722083312186240822051057","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083312186240822051057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In nature, orchid plants are obligate myco-heterotrophs, and rely on mycorrhizal nutrient resources to grow and sustain in the wild, until they become physiologically active photosynthetic plants. Their seeds lack nutrient reserves and receive the necessary carbon from symbiotic fungi during germination. A mycorrhizal fungus provides nutrients, especially sugars, as well as water to the corresponding host plant. The range and distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi influence the survivability of orchid populations in their natural habitats. Mycorrhizae form symbiotic connections with the parenchymatous tissues of the roots of orchid plants. That the symbiotic orchid mycorrhiza can invade through roots of orchid seedling, raised <i>in vitro</i>, has been patented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the presence of mycorrhiza in the roots of <i>Aerides multiflora</i> during the vegetative phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh roots were hand-sectioned, and thin sections were observed under the microscope to locate the presence of mycorrhiza. Simultaneously, to observe the expansion of mycorrhiza in the cortical region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the vegetative phase of plant growth, a peloton-like structure forms within the cortical region of the orchid roots. Mycorrhizae was observed to be distributed throughout the cortical layer of the root.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This communication reviews the role of mycorrhiza in orchid plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"210-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Developmental Variants of Predatory Ladybird, <i>Coccinella septumpunctata</i> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on an Artificial Diet.","authors":"Arshi Siddiqui, Shaizee, Danish Khan","doi":"10.2174/0118722083313758240813102715","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083313758240813102715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to focus on the identification, rearing, and exploration of developmental variants of the predatory ladybird, <i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> L., renowned for its efficacy as a biological control agent and its predation on agricultural pests. However, comprehensive knowledge concerning the occurrence and characteristics of developmental variants in this species remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, through meticulous monitoring and exploration, we identified developmental variants exhibiting distinct sexual attributes, as well as survival rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research outcomes enhance our understanding of the developmental variations within an egg batch of <i>C. septempunctata</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moreover, the findings hold practical implications for the implementation of biological control strategies in agriculture, as specific variants may possess unique characteristics that enhance their effectiveness as natural enemies against pests. Furthermore, the increasing competitiveness in the artificial diet space for scientific models raises questions about intellectual property rights (IPR), patents, and strategies. This overview looks at recent developments and advanced protection strategies in this field to help understand the present state of IPR and patents in an artificial food for insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn in Traditional Medicine.","authors":"Ajay Ramdas Nannar","doi":"10.2174/0118722083304962240619101244","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083304962240619101244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This patent article offers a thorough analysis of the contemporary application of <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn, or sapodilla, in conventional medicine. Tropical fruit-bearing <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn has long been used in many traditional medical systems. The study examines <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn's phytochemical makeup and pharmacological characteristics with an emphasis on the plant's possible medical uses in the treatment of a range of illnesses. Moreover, it highlights the safety and efficacy characteristics of <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn and talks about new research and clinical trials that back up its traditional applications. This study also discusses obstacles and potential avenues for further research and application of <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn in contemporary medicine. All things considered, it emphasizes how important <i>Achras sapota</i> Linn is to traditional medicine as a therapeutic resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"263-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Methods in the Identification of Bacterial Respiratory Tract Pathogens.","authors":"Flora Kiaghobadi, Ali Dehshahri, Younes Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat","doi":"10.2174/0118722083309510240625085931","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083309510240625085931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Here, we will review different bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections and discuss the available diagnostic methods. Moreover, we will provide some recently published patents and newer techniques, such as respiratory panels and omics approaches, and express the challenges in this path.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) include those infections that can lead to the involvement of different respiratory parts, including the sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs. Acute respiratory tract infection is the leading cause of death from infectious illnesses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 1.6 to 2.2 million deaths have occurred due to acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age. About 4 million people die annually from respiratory infections, 98% of which are caused by lower respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depending on the type of pathogen, the severity of the infection can vary from mild to severe and even cause death. The most important pathogens involved in respiratory tract infections include <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae</i>, and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>. The symptoms are often similar, but the treatment can vary greatly. Therefore, correct diagnosis is so important. There are several methods for diagnosing respiratory infections. Traditional tests include the culture of respiratory samples, considered the primary tool for diagnosing respiratory infections in laboratories, and less common standard tests include rapid and antigenic tests. It is essential to think that the culture method is reliable. In the original method of diagnosing respiratory infections, some bacteria were challenging to grow successfully, and many clinical laboratories needed to be equipped for viral cultures. Another issue is the time to get the results, which may take up to 7 days. Rapid and antigenic tests are faster but need to be more accurate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical laboratories are trying to be equipped with molecular methods for detecting respiratory pathogens and identifying the genetic material of the infectious agent in these new methods as the primary method in their agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"198-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-assisted Preparation of α-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂ Nanocomposites for Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity.","authors":"Anuskha Kala, Krati Saini, Sanjeev Kimothi, Rashmi Verma, Kamal K Kar, Pankaj Chamoli","doi":"10.2174/0118722083332040241011050802","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083332040241011050802","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Harmful microorganisms like pathogens significantly impact human health. Meanwhile, industrial growth causes pollution and water contamination by releasing untreated hazardous waste. Effective treatment of these microorganisms and contaminants is essential, and nanocomposites may be a promising solution. The present attempt demonstrates the green synthesis of α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;@TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanocomposites (FTNCs) for the effective treatment of pathogens and organic contaminants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The FTNCs have been synthesized through a green approach utilizing curcumin extract. Curcumin (Turmeric) extract (TEx) was prepared by washing, drying, and crushing 5 g of turmeric, then boiling it in 100 mL distilled water at 70°C for 1 hour. Metal salts (Fe&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;+/Ti&lt;sup&gt;4+&lt;/sup&gt;, 2:1) were added to 100 mL of TEx under continuous stirring at 70°C for 24 h. The solution was rinsed and dried at 80°C overnight and heated at 300°C for 3 h to remove impurities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Synthesized FTNCs have been tested for the potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis)&lt;/i&gt; and Gram-negative bacteria (&lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.&lt;/i&gt;). Observations discovered noteworthy inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria by FTNCs. Furthermore, the FTNCs system shows the energy band gap of ~2.6 eV which may suppress electron recombination, thereby enhancing photocatalysis. The photo-degradation is examined against Evans blue (EB) and Congo red (CR) dyes under UV and visible light (125 W) irradiation. The remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE) for CR reached ~67.4% in 60 min.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;A simple green approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of the FTNCs using curcumin-mediated reduction. As prepared FTNCs have been evaluated for potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt;) and Gram-negative bacteria (&lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.&lt;/i&gt;). The results show that the highest zone of inhibition diameter values have been obtained for 5 mg/mL concertation of FTNCs of ~14, 22, 18, 21, and 20 and 29 mm for &lt;i&gt;E. coli, S. abony, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas sp.,&lt;/i&gt; respectively. Additionally, FTNCs demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency against EB and CR dyes under UV (125 W) irradiation, achieving 56, 67% degradation within 60 min, respectively. The findings indicate that FTNCs show long-term antimicrobial effectiveness and potential for water treatment through photocatalysis. This examination highlights recent advancements in intellectual property rights (IPR) and patent strategies, shedding light on how patents influence eco-friendly synthesis and the development of multifun","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"331-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies.","authors":"Sahil Kashyap, Rohit Kamboj, Shikha Kamboj, Kumar Guarve, Sweta Kamboj","doi":"10.2174/0118722083275041231219060829","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083275041231219060829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases. Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe, and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}