Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"From Potential to Reality: Unraveling the Factors Limiting the Use of Microalgae as Sustainable Blue Food Protein Sources - A Critical Review.","authors":"Luisa Chitolina Schetinger, Marcele Leal Nörnberg, Tatiele Casagrande do Nascimento, Leila Queiroz Zepka, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes","doi":"10.2174/0118722083358276250703100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083358276250703100020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae are promising and sustainable sources of blue food proteins, offering high nutritional quality, environmental resilience, and the potential to meet the rising demand for alternative proteins. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder their large-scale adoption, including production costs, regulatory barriers, protein extraction difficulties, and consumer perception. This review explores the key factors limiting the use of microalgae in the food industry, addressing economic and technological feasibility, regulatory aspects, and consumer acceptance. The analysis includes commonly used microalgae species, their nutritional profiles, and strategies for optimizing their incorporation into food products. Moreover, developing circular biorefineries and utilizing industrial wastewater for cultivation presents a viable solution to reduce costs and enhance sustainability. Additionally, advancements in protein extraction techniques, combined with technological innovations such as microencapsulation, may overcome sensory challenges, expanding consumer acceptance of microalgae-enriched products. Raising consumer awareness of the nutritional and environmental benefits of microalgae is also crucial for market adoption. Given the global need for sustainable food sources, microalgae represent a viable alternative but require scientific, regulatory, and strategic advancements to become a widely adopted solution in the alternative protein industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Biosurfactant Isolated from Actinobacteria on the bfp Gene Expression of Aeromonas hydrophila, Isolated from Children's Stool Samples.","authors":"Sina Ghobadi, Pegah Shakib, Ashkan Dirbaziyan, Mohsen Zargar","doi":"10.2174/0118722083366860250623142119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083366860250623142119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aeromonas hydrophila, a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, is frequently found in aquatic surroundings and additionally present in drinking water, sewage, and food sources. This microbe is gaining recognition as a potential threat to health, classifying it as an emerging pathogen. Biosurfactants are microbial-derived compounds that share hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that are surface active. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biosurfactant isolated from Actinobacteria on the expression of the bfp gene of A. hydrophila isolated from the stool samples of children referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom, Iran, from May 2022 to March 2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples of the desert areas of Qom province, Iran. Biochemical and molecular tests of 16S rRNA were used to identify Actinobacteria isolates. The produced biosurfactant was investigated by methods of hemolysis, oil droplet destruction, lipase production, oil expansion, emulsifying activity, and surface tension reduction measurement. The structure of biosurfactant was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and its effect on bfp gene expression was measured. Also, isolates of A. hydrophila were obtained from stool samples of children referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom from May 2022 to March 2023. Then, the effect of a biosurfactant isolated from Actinobacteria on the bfp gene expression of A. hydrophila isolates was measured by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on sequencing data, the Streptomyces genus with the ability to produce biosurfactant was isolated from the soil of the studied area, which could reduce the expression of the bfp gene after treatment with biosurfactant in clinical isolates of A. hydrophila.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the present study show that the desert soils of Qom province are a potential area for finding actinobacterial isolates with the ability to produce biosurfactants and influence the expression of pathogenic genes of clinical isolates of A. hydrophila.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacognostical and Anti-Ulcer Potential of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd Seed in Aspirin-Induced Ulcer Rats.","authors":"Nidhi Bisht, Divya Jain, Neeraj Bainsal, Chandan Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0118722083376311250526075839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083376311250526075839","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., commonly known as Kalijiri, has been used for the treatment of different ailments, including stomach aches, skin diseases, asthma, and cough, and is popular as a powerful anthelmintic agent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters along with the in-vivo antiulcer activity of the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The pharmacognostical evaluation included macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the seed and powder of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Physicochemical parameters, such as moisture content, ash values, and extractive values, were evaluated, and fluorescence analysis was carried out. Phytochemical screening, including total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC), was conducted, along with antioxidant analysis. The anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds was also evaluated using an aspirin-induced ulcer model by employing multiple biochemical and histopathological assessment parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The morphological characteristics of V. anthelmintica seeds demonstrated that the seed was 0.8-1 cm in length and 0.1-0 in width, with a bitter taste, whereas microscopical findings revealed the presence of pericarp, endosperm, sclerenchymatous zone, parenchymatous zone, bundles of sclereids, seed coat, and prismatic crystals. Moisture content and ash values, including total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash, were approximately 10.05%, 8.50%, 2.06%, and 4.35%, respectively. Extractive values of different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, ethanol, and water) were approximately 16.00%, 15.80%, 2.00%, 7.05%, and 1.06%, respectively. Moreover, fluorescence analysis revealed a characteristic brown colour. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenolic, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, saponins, diterpenes, steroids, and amino acids. The TFC and TPC revealed that the ethanolic extract contained more phenolic content, whereas the aqueous extract contained more flavonoids. The ethanolic extract exhibited 90% DPPH radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, while the aqueous extract showed 85.71% activity at the same concentration. In comparison, ascorbic acid demonstrated 94.32% scavenging activity at 40 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds at doses 200 and 400mg/kg showed a significant decrease in the ulcer index values, gastric volume, and total acidity levels, whereas an increase was observed in the SOD and GSH levels. The extract demonstrated a moderate effect on the levels of Hb and total protein when compared with the disease control group. The histopathological findings revealed the antiulcer potential of ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds at both doses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/str","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Biosensors in Phytochemical Research: Challenges and Breakthroughs.","authors":"Hanuman Ram Choudhary, Dileep Kumar B, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Deepak S Khobragade, Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0118722083381223250612181959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083381223250612181959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosensors are devices that generate signals by interaction of biological elements and analytes, mainly based on their concentration. These are especially composed of enzymes or antibodies. They are associated with a physio-chemical transducer. Their rapid, simple, and real-time detection is of great importance in chemistry, analysis, and drug discovery and development. Phytoconstituents are biologically active compounds mainly synthesized by plants to support their growth and defend against various stresses. Medicinal plants and their products have a vast history of use in traditional medicine, but they are not reliable due to their narrow range and adverse and toxic effects. Moreover, they have vast therapeutic effects on humans, from antibiotics to anti-neoplastic agents. Hence, there is a need for an efficient method to detect and measure these phytoconstituents, and biosensors seem to be the solution. This article provides an overview of various biosensors that can be utilized to identify widely used phytoconstituents, also known as secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The article discusses different types of biosensors, including impedimetric immunosensors, Riboswitch-based biosensors, DNA biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and others.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.","authors":"Yuping Qin, Xiangxia Deng, Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0118722083358924250606173812","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083358924250606173812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the global population ages, the health of older adults has become a growing concern. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common ailment affecting older adults, but the diagnosis and treatment of AD are difficult given our insufficient understanding of the disease. This review aims to provide reliable information for patients and their families by presenting a detailed overview of the pathogenic factors, diagnostic methods, and clinical manifestation of AD, as well as advances in drug and physical therapies. The information presented here should help provide a more comprehensive understanding of AD for patients and their families and encourage family- or self-screening based on clinical manifestations, thus improving early AD detection. In addition, the current treatment methods for AD are summarized. Although a gold-standard treatment for AD is yet to be developed, controlled-release therapies and medications that slow disease progression or improve cognitive function are available. The appropriate treatment method depends on the patient's diagnosis and the local medical level, and the effectiveness of the treatments may vary. Therefore, improving our understanding of AD and cognition-related symptoms in the public is necessary to improve early AD diagnoses. This review provides information that will facilitate self-screening for AD based on clinical manifestations, which can improve the early clinical diagnosis rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Nikolaos E Labrou","doi":"10.2174/0118722083417806250605092351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083417806250605092351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Protocol for Sorghum Regeneration: Enhancing Embryogenic Callus Formation from Immature Inflorescences.","authors":"Bangaru Naidu Thaddi","doi":"10.2174/0118722083362270250116101522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083362270250116101522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to develop an efficient and reproducible in vitro protocol for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration in multiple sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars, thereby establishing a foundation for genetic transformation, mutation breeding, and other biotechnological applications aimed at enhancing sorghum crop improvement and productivity.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important cereal crop known for its adaptability to harsh environments and nutritional value. Despite its significance, sorghum remains challenging for in vitro propagation due to difficulties in regenerating callus tissue, especially from monocotyledonous explants. Callus induction and regeneration protocols are crucial for genetic transformation, mutation breeding, and biotechnological applications in sorghum improvement.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish an effective in vitro protocol for callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration using different sorghum cultivars, optimizing conditions for highfrequency embryogenic callus formation and plant regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six sorghum cultivars (IS 3477, IS 33095, IS 7155, IS 2898, IS 7005, and IS 1202) were selected. Immature inflorescence explants were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction. After 14 days, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli were distinguished. Regeneration media were optimized using embryogenic calli, with 1.5 mg/l 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) for shoot development and 1 mg/l NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) in a half-strength MS medium for root development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two distinct forms of calli were observed: a non-embryogenic light yellow callus and a white, granular embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus induction frequency varied from 40% to 96% among the cultivars, with IS 3477 and IS 33095 exhibiting the highest frequencies (96% and 88%, respectively), while IS 1202 showed the lowest (40%). Regenerated shoots were successfully developed within 6-18 days and later transferred to a rooting medium, resulting in healthy plantlets. Transplanted plantlets showed normal growth and no morphological abnormalities in the field.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a reliable protocol for efficient callus induction and plant regeneration in multiple sorghum cultivars. The optimized conditions can be utilized for genetic studies, crop improvement, and biotechnological applications, thus contributing to the advancement of sorghum breeding and biotechnology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of CuO Nanoparticles using Ephedra major Plant Extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Pegah Shakib, Zahra Yari Talib, Asadullah Asadi, Zahra Najafi","doi":"10.2174/0118722083375049250507052242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083375049250507052242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nanoparticles are nanometer-sized particles that have unique properties and are used in various fields such as medicine, environment, and technology. The Ephedra major plant, with its medicinal properties, is a rich source for extracting molecules that can be used as agents for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and improve their properties. The aim of the current study was the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Ephedra major extracts, as well as the evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was performed using the aqueous extract of the leaves of Ephedra major plant .The synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The well diffusion method investigated the antimicrobial activity of CuO-NPs synthesized against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then, the MIC and MBC of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined in 96-well microplates with different concentrations of CuO-NPs, aqueous extract, and chloramphenicol. The inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was investigated by staining with 1% crystal violet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorption at the wavelength of 385 nm was the highest, which confirmed the formation of CuO-NPs. SEM and EDX results indicated that the nanoparticles formed in a spherical shape with an average size of 30 to 80 nm. Also, EDX analysis showed the presence of copper, carbon, and oxygen elements in nanoparticles. The CuO-PNs at the concentration of 2000 μg/ml exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa. Also, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of nanoparticles were 312 μg/ml. In addition, the results showed that CuO-NPs have an effect in inhibiting biofilm formation.The inhibitory effect against biofilm was greater with increasing concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study prove that CuO-NPs synthesized from the aqueous extract of Ephedra major plant can be used as an effective option in treating infections caused by P. aeruginosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo.","authors":"Megha Sharma, Kumud Saklani, G K Dhingra, Sumit Purohit, Subhash Chandra","doi":"10.2174/0118722083369496250502071714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083369496250502071714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Plant secondary metabolites include chemical compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids. The use of these ingredients in traditional medicine to prevent or treat diabetes and cancer is becoming more prevalent because of their capacity to function as antioxidant agents. The objective of the research was to estimate the quantities of total phenols and flavonoids, together with the antioxidant capacity of various Dactylorhiza hatagirea extracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu techniques, respectively. Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS approaches were used for assessing the scavenging of free radicals. Employing standard methods, the preliminary phytochemical activity of the extract was assessed, and its reducing power was tested in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A maximum concentration of 58.88 ± 0.32 of gallic acid was identified per gram of methanolic extract as phenolic content. Quercetin, at 85.51 ± 0.40 mg/gram, had the most flavonoid content. The strongest reducing power output measured was 1.968 ± 0.01 g. In comparison, the IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays were 162.79 ± 0.24 and 39.75 ± 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, this plant differs from others in that it has potent antioxidant capabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The methanolic crude extract of D. hatagirea and the estimated contents of phenols and flavonoids exhibited potent antioxidant action, particularly against DPPH and ABTS assays. Due to its relatively high phenolic and flavonoid contents, this plant is an exciting option for treating diseases. Therefore, secondary metabolites can be found and employed as low-resistance, multi-target antioxidant drugs for treating a variety of cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as other chronic diseases that are resistant to existing antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Properties of Formulated Skin Serum Containing Coelomic Fluid of Earthworm Eisenia fetida/andrei.","authors":"Parisa Imeni, Mehdi Zarabi, Pegah Shakib, Ashkan Dirbaziyan","doi":"10.2174/0118722083342120250426085714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083342120250426085714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>In this study, the coelomic fluid of Eisenia fetida/ andrei species was used for the first time to prepare an anti-aging serum, and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties were investigated. In addition, its cytotoxicity on mouse fibroblast cells was measured as material for the production of natural anti-aging products.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of coelomic fluid extracted from Eisenia fetida/andrei. Earthworms were cultured for a year, and their coelomic fluid was extracted using an electroshock method, sterilized, and lyophilized into powder. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using MIC assays. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity effects on L929 and NHEK cell lines were assessed using MTT assays. Oxidative stress and enzymatic activities were analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity in NHEK cells treated with coelomic fluid. A serum formulation incorporating coelomic fluid was prepared and subjected to stability tests, including pH, temperature, mechanical, and heavy metal residue analysis. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the serum were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software (version 0.26). Results highlight the multifunctional potential of coelomic fluid for biomedical and cosmetic applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coelomic fluid exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs of 0.15 mg/mL for both E. coli and S. aureus, showing significant inhibition at higher concentrations. Ciprofloxacin and penicillin demonstrated stronger effects compared to the coelomic fluid. Antioxidant activity increased with concentration, achieving 77% inhibition at 10 mg/mL, with an IC50 of 10.67 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed no significant toxicity below 20 mg/mL, with enhanced cell viability at 2.5-5 mg/mL and restorative effects on fibroblasts at 10 mg/mL. Oxidative stress assays indicated reduced lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity without inducing significant oxidative stress. Measurement of residues of mercury and lead in the sera showed that they were less than 0.01 ppm for mercury and less than 0.03 and 0.05 ppm for lead, respectively. These levels are below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approved limits for these metals. Aqueous serum containing coelomic fluid showed similar antibacterial and antioxidant properties, emphasizing its potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results show that the use of earthworm coelomic fluid in skin care serum slows the aging process and restores damaged cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}