Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacognostical and Anti-Ulcer Potential of <i>Vernonia anthelmintica</i> (L.) Willd Seed in Aspirin-Induced Ulcer Rats.","authors":"Nidhi Bisht, Divya Jain, Neeraj Bainsal, Chandan Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0118722083376311250526075839","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083376311250526075839","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., commonly known as Kalijiri, has been used for the treatment of different ailments, including stomach aches, skin diseases, asthma, and cough, and is popular as a powerful anthelmintic agent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters along with the in-vivo antiulcer activity of the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The pharmacognostical evaluation included macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the seed and powder of &lt;i&gt;Vernonia anthelmintica&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Willd. Physicochemical parameters, such as moisture content, ash values, and extractive values, were evaluated, and fluorescence analysis was carried out. Phytochemical screening, including total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC), was conducted, along with antioxidant analysis. The anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds was also evaluated using an aspirin-induced ulcer model by employing multiple biochemical and histopathological assessment parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The morphological characteristics of &lt;i&gt;V. anthelmintica&lt;/i&gt; seeds demonstrated that the seed was 0.8-1 cm in length and 0.1-0 in width, with a bitter taste, whereas microscopical findings revealed the presence of pericarp, endosperm, sclerenchymatous zone, parenchymatous zone, bundles of sclereids, seed coat, and prismatic crystals. Moisture content and ash values, including total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash, were approximately 10.05%, 8.50%, 2.06%, and 4.35%, respectively. Extractive values of different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, ethanol, and water) were approximately 16.00%, 15.80%, 2.00%, 7.05%, and 1.06%, respectively. Moreover, fluorescence analysis revealed a characteristic brown colour. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenolic, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, saponins, diterpenes, steroids, and amino acids. The TFC and TPC revealed that the ethanolic extract contained more phenolic content, whereas the aqueous extract contained more flavonoids. The ethanolic extract exhibited 90% DPPH radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, while the aqueous extract showed 85.71% activity at the same concentration. In comparison, ascorbic acid demonstrated 94.32% scavenging activity at 40 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds at doses 200 and 400mg/kg showed a significant decrease in the ulcer index values, gastric volume, and total acidity levels, whereas an increase was observed in the SOD and GSH levels. The extract demonstrated a moderate effect on the levels of Hb and total protein when compared with the disease control group. The histopathological findings revealed the antiulcer potential of ethanolic extract of V. anthelmintica seeds at both doses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dis","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"372-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Blockchain Technology in the Improvement of Supply Chain Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, Rajni Tanwar, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Nisham Lohan, Geetanjali Dahiya, Divya Jain","doi":"10.2174/0118722083347810250711232759","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083347810250711232759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blockchain technology has drawn a lot of interest in the healthcare industry in recent years. Efficient data management is crucial for pharmacies. Blockchain technology is a novel technology that has the potential to make many pharmaceutical processes safer and more transparent. In 2013, the US Congress created the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) to prevent the distribution of stolen, contaminated, or counterfeit drugs. Blockchain technology serves as an answer to this problem as it enables the tracking and tracing the product from manufacturer to patient through an electronic, immutable, digitized tracking record of all steps from inventory to consumer in the drug supply chain. To ensure the safety of a peer-to-peer network of transactions, blockchain technology employs cryptographic methods to create a distributed ledger that is not centralized. Incorporating it into a product ensures its safety and marketability. Blockchain technology offers solutions to enhance the validity, reliability, and efficiency of medication manufacturing by facilitating easy compliance with legislation. Additionally, it offers an opportunity to address a major problem: the proliferation of counterfeit drugs that enter the system and ultimately reach consumers. The pharmaceutical industry's deficient supply chain management results in counterfeit and fake drug entering the supply chain and negatively affecting patients' health, leading to serious complications or even death. Supply chain management may benefit from blockchain technology's transparency and immutability at every step of the process, which increases confidence, security, traceability, and transparency. Blockchain technology, designed to manage electronic data, holds promise for enhancing clarity. Every user of a computer network has access to the same immutable record of transactions known as a blockchain. Patent innovations have significant implications for pharmaceutical patent protection, supply chain transparency, and counterfeit prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"242-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosurfactants Used in the Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Hydrocarbons - Overview of the State of the Art and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Maria Auxiliadora de Oliveira, Vinícius Souza Tarabal, Felipe Ferreira Silva, Diego Fernandes Livio, Daniela Regiane da Silva, Adriano Guimaraes Parreira, Daniel Bonoto Goncalves, Jose Antonio da Silva, Pedro Pires Goulart Guimaraes, Paulo Afonso Granjeiro","doi":"10.2174/0118722083343490241130163344","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083343490241130163344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing industrialization and hydrocarbon use have led to concerning soil contamination. Oil spills and improper disposal of oily waste pose threats to ecosystems and human health. The recovery of these environments is essential, but separating oily components from soil remains challenging. Current bioremediation strategies using synthetic surfactants can cause secondary contamination. Microbial biosurfactants, which are biodegradable and low in toxicity, emerge as promising solutions, and this study reviews methods for utilizing these biosurfactants in the environmental bioremediation of hydrocarbons.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the efficient and eco-friendly use of biosurfactants for hydrocarbon- contaminated soil management, providing a market-oriented analysis of recent patents and trends, and highlighting the transition from academic research to industrial applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methodology involves an extensive literature review, careful selection of recent studies and patents on biosurfactants in hydrocarbon bioremediation, critical analysis of in-situ and ex-situ application methods, assessment of commercial viability, and synthesis of findings to contribute to sustainable solutions in contaminated environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrates the extensive applicability of biosurfactants across various industrial sectors. The increasing interest in incorporating biosurfactants into industrial processes is driven by the pressing need for sustainable solutions to address tangible market challenges. Notably, the cosmetics industry exhibited the highest number of patents related to the use of biosurfactants, underscoring its significant role in advancing the adoption of these environmentally friendly agents. This trend highlights the critical demand for sustainable alternatives in product formulations and underscores the pivotal role of biosurfactants in fostering eco-innovation within the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Patents of Stent Grafts for Intravascular Aortic Repair.","authors":"Yiwen Wang, Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0118722083355380250716073539","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083355380250716073539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endovascular aortic repair involves the placement of stents through minimally invasive methods to seal rupture sites near the aortic inflow tract, thereby preventing blood entry into the false lumen and promoting thrombosis, which reduces the risk of aortic rupture. Endovascular stents typically consist of a metal framework and a flexible membrane graft designed to reopen obstructed aortic segments and maintain blood flow through the true lumen. Consequently, stents are widely used to treat aortic expansion diseases and aortic occlusive stenosis. However, traditional stents have limitations in terms of adaptability to complex anatomical structures, long-term durability, biomechanical stability, and reliance on radial support force for fixation, lacking active fixation mechanisms. These shortcomings remain the primary causes of postoperative complications, significantly impacting the quality of life for patients with aortic dissection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Integrating patent and academic literature, the research status of the endovascular stent was discussed in depth, and the main factors for the optimal design of the stent (geometry, pattern configuration, additional fixtures, and optimization methods) were analyzed and summarized according to the complications targeted by the repair device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The composition structure, working principle, and development status of the stent grafts under review are elaborated in detail. Stent grafts attempt to alleviate postoperative complications through three approaches: enhancing the flexibility of the stent framework, improving the fit between the vessel wall and the stent, and reducing vascular injury. Blood flow guiding channels are established to alleviate the obstruction of branch blood flow. Additional self-anchoring devices are added to adapt to the dynamic remodeling of blood vessels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The effects of various factors, including geometric parameters, structural design, and parameter optimization techniques, on the optimization of stent primary mechanical performance are discussed. The current research status of functional improvement methods for stents is also summarized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Refining the quantitative relationship between stent structural parameters and mechanical performance, as well as exploring the balance criteria between flexibility and radial support force, represent promising directions for future development. These objectives necessitate further in-depth analysis and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"325-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Alcoholic Extract of <i>Allium Jesdianum</i> on Fungi-Contaminated Dairy Products.","authors":"Fatemeh Fallahi, Shirin Naghdifar, Zahra Sadri Irani, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Kazemi, Pegah Shakib, Mahboobeh Madani","doi":"10.2174/0118722083332626241129061731","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083332626241129061731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the main sources of contaminated dairy products is moldy fungi, specifically species of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of <i>Allium jesdianum</i> plant on the growth of molds contaminating dairy products in Isfahan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this patent research, 200 samples of dairy products were gathered from different areas of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of buttermilk, 40 samples of yogurt, 20 samples of curd, and 10 samples of cream. The antifungal activity of <i>Allium jesdianum</i> plant was investigated by the diffusion method in disc, well, and agar dilution in various concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fatal concentration (MFC) were also determined. <i>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium</i>, and <i>Acremonium</i> fungi were the most commonly found fungal contaminants of this investigation. Antifungal activity was not observed by disc diffusion and well diffusion methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the agar dilution method, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem and leaves in concentrations of 80, 60, 40, and 30 mg/ml, and ethanolic and methanolic extracts of plant bulbs in concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/ml revealed antifungal activity against <i>Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum</i>, and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>. The MIC of stem and leaf ethanol extracts and onion ethanol for Aspergillus niger was 18.7, and for Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum, it was 37.5, 37.5, 37.5, and 37.5 mg/ml. Fungal contamination of dairy products is a serious threat to the public health of society. Therefore, identifying medicinal plants with antifungal activity can be an effective step in preventing fungal contamination and increasing the shelf life of these products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this research have shown that the Allium jesdianum plant can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Adaption of Microbiomes to Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: An Alternate Approach to Environment Sustainability.","authors":"Kiran Dobhal, Ruchika Garg, Sayantan Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.2174/0118722083343885250326070617","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083343885250326070617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been identified as catastrophic pollutants that can damage both the environment and human health. To restore a healthy surrounding, an environmental expert targeted the PAH contamination reduction strategy. Bioremediation techniques are overruling the conventional techniques due to their high disbursement and inefficient outcomes. Several PAHs, including Pyrene (PYR), Chrysene (CHY), Benz[a]anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Fluoranthene (FLU) Indenol [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (INP), Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), and, Dibenz [a, h] anthracene (DBA) have been identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Since PAHs are less hydrophilic and have more lipophilic properties, they are readily absorbed from the GIT of mammals. Grilled beef and chicken meat that had been charcoal-grilled contained Anthracene (ANT), BaP, Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), Phenanthrene (PHE), and PYR. The highest dietary daily intake of BkF was reported to be 1.09 μg/ day in the intestine of grilled beef and 23.22 μg/day in the stomach of grilled chicken. A number of bacterial species have been identified in the biodegradation of PAHs, including Mycobacterium gilvum <i>(M. gilvum), Sphingobium chlorophenolicum (S. chlorophenolicum), Bacillus halotolerans, Mycobacterium flavescens (M. flavescens), Micrococcus luteus, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea gasar, and Crassostrea rhizophorae, Pseudomonas putida, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis</i>, and <i>Kocuria rosea</i>. Fungi, including <i>Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus flavus</i>, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> used PAHs as the source of carbon and energy for survival. To a certain extent, algae such as Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) also depend on PAHs to survive. There are plenty of patents that have been sanctioned, including the process for producing PAHs through recycling of low molecular weight alkanes, the removal process of PAHs from the terrestrial habitats, the identification of PAHs fingerprints, the utilization of microbes obtained from different resources to degrade the PAHs into minimum catastrophic products, and so on. This review aims to highlight the calamitous effect of high molecular weight PAHs on the surrounding, and humankind, as well as the advancement in bioremediation approaches in recent years. The authors also addressed the newly isolated microbiomes, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and others, as promising candidates for using PAHs as a source of carbon and energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production Potential of Photosynthetic Microbes: A Sustainable Source of Bioplastic.","authors":"Saima Shahzad Mirza, Kanza Yaseen, Sumaira Aslam, Ammara Fatima, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, Ayesha Ishaque, Kalsoom Fatima","doi":"10.2174/0118722083295143241220054012","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083295143241220054012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study examined Polyhydroxy butyrate production (PHB) potential of different photosynthetic microbes such as <i>Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus</i> and <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i>-PK under different nutrient conditions. Biodegradable bioplastics, such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB), derived from these microbes provide a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based nondegradable plastics.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>As the demand for clean and sustainable alternatives rises, bio-plastic is gaining attention as a viable substitute to conventional plastics. However, conventional sources of bio-plastic production have inherent limitations, which can be effectively addressed through the utilization of photosynthetic microbes e.g., microalgae, purple non sulphur bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The production of bioplastic was evaluated by cultivating the microalgae in BG-11, BBM and PNSB in synthetic growth media (MI, MII) with different nitrogen concentrations of 0%, 50% and 100%. The biopolymer (PHB) was obtained from all experiments in a wide range of concentration (7-42.8%) of dry cell weight (DCW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, algal isolate SK1 demonstrated the highest PHB content (42.8%) in BBM under 100% nitrogen starvations rendering the bioplastic exceptionally compatible and suitable for eco-friendly applications. Additionally, various patents cited by different authors on different aspects of microbial bioplastic production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrition depletion such as nitrogen scarcity induced stressful growth conditions that resulted in highest accumulation of the biopolymer PHB. Optimizing nitrogen availability is key to maximizing PHB production, making it a viable sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"122-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Biosensors in Phytochemical Research: Challenges and Breakthroughs.","authors":"Hanuman Ram Choudhary, B Dileep Kumar, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Deepak S Khobragade, Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0118722083381223250612181959","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083381223250612181959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosensors are devices that generate signals by interaction of biological elements and analytes, mainly based on their concentration. These are especially composed of enzymes or antibodies. They are associated with a physio-chemical transducer. Their rapid, simple, and real-time detection is of great importance in chemistry, analysis, and drug discovery and development. Phytoconstituents are biologically active compounds mainly synthesized by plants to support their growth and defend against various stresses. Medicinal plants and their products have a vast history of use in traditional medicine, but they are not reliable due to their narrow range and adverse and toxic effects. Moreover, they have vast therapeutic effects on humans, from antibiotics to anti-neoplastic agents. Hence, there is a need for an efficient method to detect and measure these phytoconstituents, and biosensors seem to be the solution. This article provides an overview of various biosensors that can be utilized to identify widely used phytoconstituents, also known as secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The article discusses different types of biosensors, including impedimetric immunosensors, Riboswitch-based biosensors, DNA biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and others. Furthermore, the potential for patentable innovations in biosensor technologies targeting phytoconstituent detection is also highlighted, emphasizing their growing relevance in both scientific research and commercial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"355-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Variation of Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> Isolated from Patients in Ramadi City, Iraq.","authors":"Omar Salih Shallal Al-Heeti, Safaa Abed Lateef Almeani, Mohammed Mukhles Ahmed, Samah Al Tawil, Yasir Merie Nayyef","doi":"10.2174/0118722083348921250420012437","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083348921250420012437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus infections in community and hospital settings presents a significant health challenge due to growing antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to:(1) perform a molecular analysis of prevalent native strains in Anbar, Iraq, (2) differentiate between various pathogenic strains using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to enhance epidemiological and surveillance efforts by relevant patents on molecular diagnostics and pathogen typing. The objective is to trace the origins of these strains and distinguish between invasive and indigenous strains. While S. haemolyticus is generally part of the normal human microbiota, it can lead to serious infections in individuals with prior injuries or surgical procedures. It is particularly skilled at developing antibiotic resistance, making it a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, largely through the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) has developed resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin through SCCmec acquisition, and hospitalassociated MRSH strains are increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The preparation of blood agar medium followed the manufacturer's guidelines. After autoclaving at 121ºC for 15 minutes, the medium was cooled to 50ºC. The mixture was then thoroughly mixed and poured into sterile Petri dishes. This medium is used for isolating and cultivating bacteria, as well as for detecting hemolytic activity and identifying the type of hemolysis. Genomic extraction and molecular screening of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were performed, followed by MLST analysis. Data were processed using the University of Nebraska Medical Center's pubMLST website.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To explore the genetic relationships among S. haemolyticus strains, their genomic DNA was analyzed using MLST typing based on the protocol from the MLST Institute database. All S. haemolyticus isolates in the study underwent MLST gene screening through PCR to verify the presence of housekeeping genes (arc, SH1200, hemH, leuB, SH1341, cfxE, and ribose ABC). PCR electrophoresis results demonstrated successful amplification of all target genes, confirming their appropriateness for MLST analysis. Three isolates were recognized as novel global strains, designated ST153, ST154, and ST155. In addition, five other strains were previously registered as ST3, ST9, ST29, ST123, and ST124.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings diverge from the established global understanding of type distribution in Asia. To combat the spread of highly resistant strains, it is crucial to monitor virulence factors and antibiotic resistance closely.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"296-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Formononetin Against the Periodontal Pathogens <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Negar Delfan, Maryam Dalaei Moghadam, Pegah Shakib, Asma Sepahdar, Zahra Naghibeiranvand","doi":"10.2174/0118722083342082241129060918","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083342082241129060918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among the bioactive isoflavones identified from different plants is formononetin. Formononetin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer qualities have all received a lot of attention lately. The goal of the current investigation was to examine formononetin's antifungal and antibacterial activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis in vitro</i>, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of formononetin, chlorhexidine, formononetin + chlorhexidine, Formononetin + nystatin, and nystatin against <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> isolates. Next, SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. A significance cutoff of P<0.05 was taken into account.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chlorhexidine + formononetin and formononetin alone had the greatest and lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against <i>E. faecalis</i>, at 6.6 and 18.3 μg/ml, respectively. With MIC values of 0.66 and 8.3 μg/ml against a <i>C. albicans</i> isolate sensitive to nystatin, the combination of formononetin + nystatin and formononetin alone was shown to have the greatest and lowest anti-candida effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrated a considerably greater antibacterial effect (P<0.05) for the combinations of formononetin + nystatin and chlorhexidine as compared to nystatin and chlorhexidine alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}