Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"FTO regulates testosterone secretion in Leydig cells: insights into the role of m⁶A modifications and the therapeutic potential of hCG.","authors":"Chenglu Wang, Kebing Yang, Fang Gao, Min Zheng, Xiaohua Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01456-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01456-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Testosterone plays a pivotal role in male reproductive health and is synthesized primarily by Leydig cells (LCs) in the testes. Alterations in testosterone levels can lead to sexual dysfunction, reduced fertility, and various systemic health issues. FTO, an m⁶A demethylase, has been implicated in the regulation of RNA modification and has significant roles in various biological processes. However, its influence on testosterone secretion in LCs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the role of FTO in regulating testosterone secretion by LCs and to explore the potential impact of hCG treatment in rescuing the effects of FTO inhibition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression levels of FTO in LCs from 39 male patients diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia. Additionally, FTO knockdown was performed in TM3 cells, followed by analysis of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone secretion. The effect of hCG on rescuing FTO inhibition-induced changes was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a positive correlation between FTO expression levels and testosterone concentrations in LCs from 39 male patients with obstructive azoospermia. FTO knockdown in TM3 cells significantly reduced testosterone secretion, cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Specifically, 48 h post-transfection, the apoptosis rate in shRNA-FTO-transfected TM3 cells was 6.26%, significantly higher than in mock-transfected cells (3.03%, P = 0.013). FTO inhibition also markedly suppressed cell proliferation by 26.2% (P < 0.0001) at 24 h, 34.3% (P = 0.0006) at 48 h, and 21.5% (P = 0.002) at 72 h, as measured by CCK-8 assay. However, the addition of 10 IU hCG significantly rescued the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis rate in the FTO knockdown group. Testosterone secretion in the FTO inhibition group was also significantly lower than in controls at all time points (6, 24, 48, and 72 h), but hCG treatment restored testosterone levels by 26.4% (P = 0.003) at 6 h, 29.4% (P = 0.0026) at 24 h, 18.8% (P = 0.028) at 48 h, and 36.6% (P = 0.0005) at 72 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides new evidence that FTO plays a critical role in regulating testosterone secretion in LCs. Additionally, we demonstrate that hCG treatment can restore testosterone production impaired by FTO inhibition. These findings offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying testosterone secretion and may inform therapeutic strategies for male infertility and hypogonadism.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance as a determinant of fertilization efficiency in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing IVF/ICSI: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ruiteng Zhang, Xuejin Wang, Meilan Mo, Zhiqiang Liu, Su Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01453-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01453-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on clinical outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,768 PCOS patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles at Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital between October 2010 and November 2024 were stratified into two cohorts: non-IR group (HOMA index < 2.69, n = 867) and IR group (HOMA index ≥ 2.69, n = 901). Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Linear logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess the independent impact of IR on fertilization efficiency and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with IR exhibited significantly higher BMI (25.44 ± 3.55 vs. 21.59 ± 3.20, p < 0.001), longer infertility duration (3.74 ± 2.75 vs. 3.25 ± 2.43, p < 0.001), increased antral follicle counts (26.74 ± 10.74 vs. 25.05 ± 9.79, p < 0.001) and lower basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level (9.78 ± 3.25 vs. 10.64 ± 3.83, p < 0.001) compared to those without IR. Additionally, the fertilization rate (82.02% vs. 83.86%, p = 0.005) and 2PN rate (81.07% vs. 83.96%, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in PCOS patients with IR. Linear regression indicated that IR had a more pronounced inverse effect on 2PN rate (B: -2.540, p = 0.009) than on fertilization rate (B: -0.664, p = 0.490). Subgroup analysis and interaction analysis demonstrated that IR functioned as an independent risk factor for impaired oocyte fertilization in normal-weight PCOS patients (B: -22.694, p = 0.011). No statistically significant associations between IR status and clinical or live birth pregnancy outcomes were observed in the regression models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IR adversely affects oocyte fertilization competence and early embryonic development in normal-weight PCOS patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). These effects may be attributable to IR-induced metabolic dysregulation, which compromises folliculogenic and cytoplasmic maturation processes critical to gamete competence. These findings underscore the importance of addressing metabolic dysfunction in IR-affected PCOS populations to optimize ART outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This is a retrospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freeze all for all- is it justified?","authors":"Raoul Orvieto","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01459-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01459-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle in flux: urbanization, dietary shifts, and endocrine health in emerging adulthood.","authors":"Om Vijay Joshi, Ronit Rohidas Savale, Dinesh Nalage, Ashwini Biradar, Tejswini Sontakke","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01442-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01442-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence highlights the decline of testosterone levels among young males, linked to modern lifestyle shifts rather than aging alone. This exploratory cross-sectional study investigates the interplay between modifiable lifestyle factors and testosterone levels in 50 males aged 18-22 years, focusing on underrepresented variables such as exercise type, carbonated beverage intake, and sunlight exposure. Serum testosterone levels were measured via chemiluminescent immunoassay, and lifestyle data were collected through previously validated questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses revealed hypertrophy training (β = 20.3, p < 0.001), sunlight exposure > 60 min (β = 10.3, p = 0.03), and supplement use (β = 20.5, p < 0.001) as positive predictors of testosterone. Conversely, daily carbonated beverage consumption (β=-10.2, p = 0.01), tobacco use (β=-15.6, p < 0.001), and sleep deprivation (β=-18.2, p < 0.001) were significant negative correlates. Diet type influenced outcomes, with non-vegetarians showing higher testosterone (β = 8.7, p = 0.03) compared to vegetarians. Notably, BMI and chronic diseases were nonsignificant in this young cohort. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of testosterone regulation, emphasizing holistic lifestyle interventions-such as resistance training, reduced ultra-processed food intake, and sleep optimization-as critical for endocrine health in urbanized youth. The study challenges traditional obesity-centric frameworks, advocating for holistic approaches to mitigate endocrine disruption in emerging adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles therapy for intrauterine adhesions: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies.","authors":"Yuanyuan Sun, Yan Luo, Jinyao Ning, Yitong Chai, Jingjing Chen, Fen Xiao, Ge Li, Xu Zhou, Fen Tian, Bin Xu, Qiong Zhang, Hankun Su, Jing Zhao, Yanping Li, Hui Li","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01448-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01448-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144848535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semaglutide and human reproduction: caution at the intersection of energy balance, ovarian function, and follicular development.","authors":"E Scott Sills, Conor Harrity, Howard I Chu, Jing-Wen Wang, Fan Yang, Samuel H Wood","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01435-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01435-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obese or overweight patients considering IVF are generally counselled to reduce weight closer to target BMI (i.e., < 30 kg/m²) by interventions entailing dietary change with a structured exercise program. There is little disagreement that supervised weight loss can improve reproductive outcome when successful, although there are refractory cases where weight goals are unmet. Because low-grade chronic inflammation and altered immune function are characteristic of obesity and antagonize implantation, any pre-IVF weight loss facilitated by semaglutide (SG) would be helpful. However, no preclinical data have considered the ovarian implications of SG. Several formulations of SG are now available to assist in chronic weight management, treatment of type-2 diabetes, or both. SG is 31-amino acid lipopeptide with action at the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, which augments insulin secretion while lowering hepatic glucagon output. SG thus enters a multiorgan network where insulin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and sirtuin pathways manage ambient nutritional conditions. As GLP-1 directly influences insulin release and curtails satiety, SG adjusts many biochemical cascades where potential interference with oocyte development or embryo/endometrial crosstalk require clarification. Particularly if used outside manufacturer's guidance (i.e., for aesthetic or personal reasons), SG could bring unwelcome challenges to fertility clinics where obesity and dyslipidemia are merely exchanged for the new problems of starvation and sarcopenia. Here we examine known GLP-1 actions where energy balance, ovarian aging, and oocyte competence converge; off label SG use should be avoided until its signaling effects throughout the reproductive axis are more carefully studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age does not affect maximal endometrial thickness achieved in frozen embryo transfer cycles: a SARTCORS study.","authors":"Anat Chemerinski, Kristin Blackledge, Patricia Greenberg, Nataki C Douglas, Peter G McGovern, Sara S Morelli","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01451-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01451-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age is known to affect the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. While significant research efforts have been directed at investigating the effects of aging on oocytes, few studies have examined the effect of aging on the endometrium. We sought to assess whether age negatively impacts peak endometrial thickness achieved in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System (SART CORS) database between 2016 and 2020. Young (< 35) and older (≥35yo) non-identified oocyte donor (NOD) recipients were included to assess the impact of age on endometrial thickness; young and older gestational carriers (GCs) served as the respective controls for these two groups. The primary outcome was peak endometrial thickness achieved in an FET cycle; additional outcomes included cycle cancellation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a weak association between age and endometrial thickness in both NOD recipient and GC cycles. Though pregnancy rates were slightly lower at endometrial thicknesses < 8 mm, we observed no difference in clinical pregnancy rate with endometrial thicknesses between 8 and 18 mm. We found a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate in GCs compared to NOD recipients in both the young and older age groups, and noted a decreasing clinical pregnancy rate with age in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest an age-related decline in pregnancy rates in donor oocyte recipients and gestational carrier cycles, in which an endometrial factor would not necessarily be anticipated; this endometrial factor does not appear to be related to endometrial thickness. Therefore, our data support the existence of an endometrial factor that cannot be assessed by measurements of thickness, but nevertheless plays a crucial role in the success of an embryo implantation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea-associated hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a literature review and clinical management strategies.","authors":"Wei-Zhen Tang, Kang-Jin Huang, Hong-Yu Xu, Qin-Yu Cai, Ying-Ping Song, Tian-Qi Fan, Yao Zhang, Tai-Hang Liu, Ying-Bo Li","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01431-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01431-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has long been recognized as a significant risk factor for hypertension, and in recent years, its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) has gained increasing attention, especially in the unique population of pregnant women. However, this relationship remains underappreciated in clinical practice. While early studies have suggested a link between OSA and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the mechanisms connecting OSA to HDP are not fully understood. This literature review explores potential pathways, including intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. It also examines current treatments, especially CPAP therapy, and its variable effectiveness in managing HDP symptoms, as well as potential alternatives such as throat strengthening exercises and external hypoglossal stimulation. Future research should focus on improving OSA screening during pregnancy, developing better diagnostic tools, and integrating routine OSA evaluations in prenatal care for early intervention. Clarifying the mechanisms linking OSA and HDP will help refine treatment strategies. Large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of combination therapies and develop evidence-based clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private equity and reproductive medicine: \"Fertile breeding ground\" - a physician's perspective\".","authors":"Andreas Abraham Zadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01446-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01446-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing influence of private equity (PE) in reproductive medicine makes it increasingly important to examine its impact from the perspectives of physicians, patients, and investors. As PE firms increasingly acquire fertility clinics and related healthcare services, they bring promises of operational efficiency, expanded access, and innovation. At the same time, these developments have come under growing scrutiny, raising critical concerns about the commercialization of care, equity of access, and the long-term impact on clinical outcomes. From the physician's viewpoint, PE involvement presents both opportunities and challenges-shaping medical autonomy, clinical decision-making, and the ability to prioritize patient-centered care. The article critically assesses these dynamics, weighing the potential benefits of investment against concerns over profit-driven models, regulatory scrutiny, and the shifting role of healthcare professionals in an increasingly corporatized landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low anti-müllerian hormone levels increased early pregnancy loss rate in patients undergoing frozen-thawed euploid single blastocyst transfer: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Lin Sun, Congli Zhang, Beining Yin, Jingdi Li, Zhiyi Yao, Mingxin Tian, Yuwei Zhu, Danyang Li, Fang Wang, Wei Dai, Zhiqin Bu, Yihong Guo, Yile Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01445-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01445-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AMH is a dependable indicator of ovarian reserve function and assessment of ovarian responsiveness. The relationship between reduced ovarian reserve and pregnancy loss remains poorly understood and requires further investigation. Currently, it has not been systematically evaluated in populations with PGT which could exclude the influence of embryonic chromosomal abnormalities on the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 1982 non-PCOS patients who underwent PGT and had their first frozen-thawed embryo euploidy blastocyst transfer between January 2016 and August 2023. Primary outcomes included early pregnancy loss rates (defined as spontaneous miscarriage during the early first trimester) with secondary outcomes encompassing clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates. The cohort was divided into three subgroups using quintile-based categorization of AMH levels: low (≤ 1.872 ng/mL, n = 260); medium (1.873-5.276 ng/mL, n = 779); high (≥ 5.277 ng/mL, n = 258). After propensity score matching, 143 patients in each group were ultimately included in the current research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The matched data revealed a higher rate of EPL in the low AMH level group and a lower rate of clinical pregnancy and live births (P < 0.05). Compared to the medium AMH level group, the low AMH group had a considerably higher risk of EPL, with an unadjusted OR of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.10-2.82) and an adjusted OR of 1.85 (95% CI, 1.13-3.04). A significant association between low AMH levels and EPL was also found in the < 35 subgroup. Moreover, there was no discernible non-linear relationship between AMH levels and EPL rates in the restricted cubic spline (P-non-linear = 0.356). Subgroup analyses demonstrated the effect of AMH levels on EPL was more significant in younger patients, those with primary infertility, AFC ≥ 10, and transferred with D6 blastocysts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In non-PCOS women < 35 years undergoing euploid blastocyst transfer, low AMH (≤ 1.8 ng/mL) independently predicts EPL risk. AMH could as a biomarker of oocyte competence beyond chromosomal integrity. Future research should focus on mechanistic studies to elucidate non-chromosomal pathways linking AMH to pregnancy loss.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}