Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"A novel approach to treating Endometriosis-Related Repeated IVF failures- insights from single case report.","authors":"Raoul Orvieto","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01610-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01610-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report explores the case of a young, normal-responder nulligravida with peritoneal endometriosis and recurrent implantation failure, with poor embryo quality during multiple failed attempts at IVF treatment. The patient underwent Dienogest (Visabelle®) pretreatment followed by a combination protocol of Stop GnRH-agonist/GnRH-antagonist for controlled ovarian stimulation, culminating in a natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer with modified luteal phase support. This combined approach produced several high-quality embryos leading to a successful singleton pregnancy. These findings provide new insights into addressing endometriosis-associated infertility and repeated IVF failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of animal models on translating male infertility research from bench to bedside: a narrative review.","authors":"Shengnan Li, Tengfei Chen, Hongyan Chen, Boxian Gao, Chongfu Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01607-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01607-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility (MI) represents a complex clinical issue affecting millions of couples worldwide. Its diverse etiologies and incompletely elucidated mechanisms limit the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Animal models, serving as a bridge between basic research and clinical practice, play an indispensable role in simulating the pathophysiological processes of human MI, deciphering key underlying mechanisms, and screening and evaluating potential therapeutic agents. This review systematically summarizes the various animal models employed in MI research, including chemically induced models (e.g., using tripterygium glycosides or cyclophosphamide), endocrine-disrupting agent-induced models (e.g., using Bisphenol A (BPA) or finasteride), and physically induced models (e.g., via heat stress or experimental varicocele). We focus on elucidating the core pathological mechanisms these models recapitulate, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, novel cell death pathways such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as endocrine disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Through an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of each model, associated signaling pathways-including the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and identified pharmacological targets, this article aims to provide insights into the complex etiology of human MI and offer a crucial theoretical foundation and experimental framework for the development and translation of novel mechanism-based therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal to meet specific criteria before fully integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the IVF lab.","authors":"David B Seifer, Charles L Bormann","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01591-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01591-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is generating genuine excitement in reproductive medicine for good reason. The promise of more consistent embryo assessment, reduced inter-observer variability, better outcome prediction and meaningful support for the embryologist's judgment represents a real opportunity to improve care for patients who have already invested enormously in the pursuit of a family. Realizing that promise, however, depends on something the field has not always done well which is insisting on rigorous validation before widespread adoption. This editorial is written in that spirit, as advocates for AI who believe the technology's long-term acceptance by patients, clinicians and embryologists will be determined by how carefully we deploy it now and how we proceed going forward. How will we know when AI is ready to fully deploy in the IVF lab? The answer requires distinguishing between being safe and being safe and effective and the medical community has not yet reached consensus on either standard for most applications. Professional societies will need to lead that process. However, in the meantime, with commercial adoption accelerating and stakeholder incentives not always aligned with patient welfare, we propose criteria as a starting framework for that discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating plasma microRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers in infertile women with adenomyosis: an observational study.","authors":"Ana Corachán, Mar Pérez-Ferrer, Amparo Faus, Pilar Alamá, Carmen Vidal, Juan Giles, Antonio Pellicer, Juan Antonio García-Velasco, Hortensia Ferrero","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01598-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01598-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advancements in imaging techniques, the non-invasive diagnosis of adenomyosis remains particularly challenging due to the overlap of imaging features with other uterine diseases, and the lack of consistent correlation with clinical presentation, with histological confirmation after hysterectomy still necessary. In this context, circulating miRNAs emerge as promising candidates for accurate non-invasive diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine whether women with adenomyosis exhibit a distinct circulating plasma miRNA profile that can serve as a diagnostic marker, miRNA sequencing was performed to compare the plasma miRNA profile of women with adenomyosis with infertile and healthy fertile controls (n =  10/group). Adenomyosis was diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound using Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) criteria. Plasma and endometrial biopsies were collected during the secretory phase from women undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Total RNA was extracted from plasma, libraries were prepared using NEXTFLEX® Small RNA-Seq v4 kits, and miRNAseq was performed on the NextSeq 550 NGS platform. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified using the edgeR method (false discovery rate < 0.05). The discriminatory potential of DEmiRNAs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using the area under the curve (AUC). Validation was performed by quantitative PCR on plasma and endometrium (n =  15/group). The target genes of DEmiRNAs were retrieved from miRTarBase and subjected to functional enrichment analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 disease-specific DEmiRNAs were identified in adenomyosis compared to infertile controls (5 up- and 6 downregulated), and 23 healthy control-referenced DEmiRNAs compared to fertile controls (19 up- and 4 downregulated). Among disease-specific DEmiRNAs, miR-4433 and miR-652-5p demonstrated strong diagnostic performance for adenomyosis compared to infertile controls (AUC = 0.92 and 0.91, respectively; p < 0.001). For healthy control-referenced DEmiRNAs, 11 miRNAs showed statistically significant diagnostic value (p < 0.01), with the highest AUCs observed for miR-3200-5p, miR-193b-5p, and miR-4732-5p (AUC = 0.88, 0.88 and 0.87, respectively). Validation experiments corroborated the upregulation of miR-4433 and miR-92a-3p upregulation in plasma and endometrium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports the potential of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for adenomyosis and contributes to understanding its molecular basis. The concordance between circulating and endometrial miRNA expression suggests a possible link between systemic molecular alterations and endometrial pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the female urogenital-rectal axis microbiome: focus on endometriosis and recurrent implantation failure.","authors":"Bárbara A Folch, Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto, Eduardo Salas-Espejo, Alberto Sola-Leyva, Analuce Canha-Gouveia, Nerea M Molina, Eva Vargas, Irene Leonés-Baños, Miriam Gámiz-Aguilera, Celia M Tenorio, María José Sáez-Lara, Susana Ruíz-Durán, Rocío Sánchez-Ruíz, Bárbara Romero, José Antonio Castilla, Signe Altmäe","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01595-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01595-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests microbial dysbiosis may contribute to gynaecological pathologies, including endometriosis and recurrent implantation failure (RIF). The vaginal microbiome is well-characterised, with Lactobacillus-dominance as a hallmark of health, yet interactions between vaginal, cervical, and endometrial microbiomes remain inconclusive. The adjacent sites to the vagina, rectal and urinary environments in infertile women are scarcely studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 136 reproductive-aged women, enrolled at the Reproductive Unit of the University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Granada, Spain) between March 2019 and March 2024. Each participant provided five samples during the mid-secretory phase: vaginal and cervical swabs, endometrial brushing, urine, and rectal swabs. The microbiome was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) with functional profiles inferred using PICRUSt2. Diversity and bacterial abundance were compared between endometriosis, RIF, and controls, adjusting for age, body mass index, and antimicrobial use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 520 samples from 104 women were analysed and revealed shared microbial profiles across the vagina, cervix, endometrium, and urine. The rectal microbiome differed significantly from urogenital sites (Global PERMANOVA, adj p-value = 0.001, R² = 0.259). A Lactobacillus gradient in the reproductive tract was observed, with dominance > 98% in the lower tract, 69.72% in urine, and 46.25% in the endometrium. Moreover, Lactobacillus negatively correlated with all other genera within the reproductive tract. Significant differential abundance was detected between body sites: 15 bacteria between vagina-cervix, 166 vagina-uterus and 172 cervix-uterus (all adj p-values < 0.05). Diversity comparisons between the condition groups (endometriosis and RIF) and controls at each anatomical sites revealed no significant differences in microbial communities and functional pathways. However, four bacterial genera showed a significantly different abundance between the endometriosis and controls in the vagina.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study results provide knowledge about the microbial composition throughout the female urogenital tract and rectum, highlighting the interindividual variability rather than the site-specificity. The vaginal bacteria that associated with endometriosis should be investigated further for clarifying their potential as non-invasive biomarkers of the disease. Microbiomes of other urogenital sites do not seem to associate with endometriosis, and microbiomes of the urogenital-rectal axis do not seem to correlate with RIF.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theca cells: active orchestrators of ovarian aging.","authors":"Hongbo Wu, Zhao Zhang, Qianyi Huang, Bo Liu, Lidan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01593-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01593-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian aging is characterized by the progressive depletion of the follicular reserve and deterioration of reproductive endocrine function, yet its cellular basis has been disproportionately attributed to oocyte and granulosa cell decline. Theca cells - the principal androgen-producing cell type of the ovarian follicle - have remained critically underappreciated in this context. Operating through the classical two-cell, two-gonadotropin model, theca cells supply androgen precursors that granulosa cells aromatize into estradiol, and their dysfunction therefore impairs estrogen biosynthesis irrespective of granulosa cell competence. During ovarian aging, theca cells undergo quantitative decline, transcriptional reprogramming, and progressive steroidogenic impairment. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal age-dependent upregulation of senescence pathways - including CDKN1A, NF-κB, and SASP-associated factors - alongside downregulation of FOXP1, a transcription factor that normally suppresses cellular senescence through direct repression of CDKN1A. Senescent theca-interstitial cells elaborate pro-inflammatory mediators, most notably CCL5, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which suppress steroidogenic gene expression, induce granulosa cell apoptosis, and promote ovarian fibrosis, collectively accelerating follicular atresia. At the molecular level, mitochondrial dysfunction driven by aberrant GSK3β activation impairs oxidative phosphorylation and steroidogenic capacity, while dysregulation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 axis uncouples theca cells from LH-dependent gonadotropin signaling. Theca cell dysfunction further underlies distinct clinical entities, including premature ovarian insufficiency, diminished ovarian reserve, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Emerging therapeutic strategies - encompassing mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, senolytics, mitochondria-targeted interventions, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation - have demonstrated efficacy in restoring theca cell function in preclinical models. This review repositions theca cells as active, bidirectionally regulated participants in ovarian aging-integral to, rather than upstream of, the oocyte-granulosa-theca unit-and proposes theca-specific biomarkers and targeted interventions as priorities for future translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm on in-vitro fertilization outcomes in couples with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Dana R Siegel, Laura K Kaizer, Mary D Sammel, Cassandra Roeca","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01594-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01594-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is associated with male factor infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and poor reproductive outcomes. An option for management includes the utilization of testicular sperm; however, the comparative reproductive efficacy of fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm men with elevated SDF remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify differences in reproductive outcomes between fresh and cryopreserved testicular sperm in patients with elevated SDF who are undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) after testicular sperm extraction (TESE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of a multi-site fertility network of patients with elevated SDF who underwent TESE and subsequent ICSI using either fresh or cryopreserved testicular sperm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 60 men with elevated SDF underwent TESE and subsequent IVF with ICSI. 66.7% (n = 40) used fresh testicular sperm while the remaining 33.3% (n = 20) used cryopreserved testicular sperm following TESE. There were no significant differences in patient demographics or SDF (median 46.5 (IQR: 34.0, 59.0) vs. 48.0 (IQR: 38.0, 64.0), p = 0.525) between those that used fresh or cryopreserved testicular sperm. Among all initiated treatment cycles, there was no statistically significant difference in cumulative live birth (42.5% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.656), clinical pregnancy (55.0% vs. 35.0% p = 0.144) or miscarriage rates (10% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.185) between fresh and cryopreserved testicular sperm. Similarly, there were no significant differences in fertilization (median 48.8 (IQR 33.5, 61.3) vs. 43.7 (IQR:32.8, 63.1), p = 0.937) or blastocyst conversion (median 16.7 (IQR: 0.0, 40.0) vs. 26.1 (IQR: 16.7, 52.8), p = 0.106).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Live birth, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, fertilization and blastocyst yield were not significantly different when using fresh or cryopreserved testicular sperm in couples undergoing TESE for elevated SDF. Although this is the largest study examining these clinical outcomes to date, our study may have low statistical power and additional prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods to assess trustworthiness of data from peer-reviewed, published randomised controlled trials.","authors":"Lyle C Gurrin, Nicole Au, Jeremy Nielsen, Nicholas J L Brown, Kylie E Hunter, Ben W Mol","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01583-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01583-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Untrustworthy randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and other study types are an increasingly recognised problem in health and medical research. Assessing and responding to this problem is essential for ensuring the reliability of scientific evidence informing clinical practice. We consider theory, methods and tools for assessing research integrity and the trustworthiness of both aggregate and individual-level data from peer-reviewed, published RCTs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We review approaches to the assessment of trustworthiness based on published checklists, the statistical analysis of aggregate and individual participant data, and the use of AI tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found checklists that examine the trustworthiness of data considering questions about the timeframe, authors, governance, and plausibility of a published, peer-reviewed paper. These checks of authenticity are complemented by statistical techniques that identify unusual patterns in aggregate or individual data, including new procedures for simulating data to determine if any of the possible distributions are realistic. The unique character of RCTs provides additional opportunities for checks, specifically for the baseline data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The approaches presented offer a series of novel, quantitative tools for assessing research integrity and data trustworthiness across published RCTs. These techniques can detect instances of data duplication, questionable research practices, and check if any aspects of the study or results are unrealistic. They work best when employed beyond isolated, single-trial analyses and, when embedded in AI platforms, should scale to meet the volume of corrupted papers already published and the stream of fake research from paper mills.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury and recovery patterns of the blood-testis barrier and spermatogenic function in a surgical unilateral cryptorchidism model in rats.","authors":"Yan He, Run-Long Wang, Li-Peng Li, Hao-Xuan Yang, Yi-Fei Liu, Wen-Nuo Zhang, Hao-Yang Song, Ming-Xin Zhao, Jin-Chun Qi","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01590-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01590-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptorchidism is one of the most common congenital disorders of the pediatric urogenital system. In addition to regulating the passage of substances into and out of the seminiferous epithelium, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) plays a critical role in maintaining a stable microenvironment for spermatogenesis. BTB alterations in cryptorchidism remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to establish a surgical unilateral cryptorchidism model in rats (SUCMR) and to investigate the injury and recovery patterns of both the BTB and spermatogenic function within this model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SUCMR was performed on 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, and testicular changes were observed after maintaining the modeling state for multiple time points. Simultaneously, another batch of rats underwent testicular descent surgery after maintaining the modeling for different durations to observe testicular recovery. The testis mass and volume, epididymal mass, epididymal sperm count and sperm malformation rate were quantified. After HE staining of testicular tissue, the seminiferous tubule structure was observed, and the seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium thickness were statistically analyzed. Biotin tracing experiments and transmission electron microscopy were performed to detect the BTB integrity. The expression of key BTB proteins ZO-1, OCCLUDIN, and CLAUDIN-11 was detected by WB. According to the normality of data distribution, a paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, an unpaired t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal-Wallis test were used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In SUCMR, sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium was observed, resulting in testicular atrophy and spermatogenic abnormalities. The SUCMR impaired the integrity of the BTB and leaded to a progressive decrease in the expression of the key barrier proteins. Testicular atrophy and spermatogenic function injury induced by short-term SUCMR were reversible. But the disruption to the BTB was irreversible when the SUCMR was maintained for 4 weeks or longer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this model, spermatogenic dysfunction and BTB injury progressed with increasing duration of abdominal retention, and abnormalities induced by 4 or 6 weeks of SUCMR did not recover within the post-orchiopexy observation period.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of follicular granulosa cells in young women with diminished ovarian reserve.","authors":"Peizhe Tian, Yanfang Lu, Lei Zhang, Huanhuan Chen, Chenyue Dong, Cuilian Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01589-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01589-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is defined as the decline in both quantity and quality of oocytes in the ovarian cortex. In recent years, DOR has shown an increasing trend among young women. However, the specific etiology and detailed pathogenesis in this population remain unclear. Granulosa cells (GCs) play crucial roles in oocyte growth, development, energy absorption, and transcriptional regulation. This study aimed to investigate the differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in GCs from young women with DOR, and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms through competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 80 young women (≤ 35 years) undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were prospectively enrolled between April 2024 and December 2024, including 40 with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) and 40 with DOR. Granulosa cells were collected during oocyte retrieval. High-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment was conducted. The ceRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the sequencing results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Compared with the NOR group, young women with DOR showed significantly higher basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and significantly lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count (AFC) (all P &lt; 0.05). The DOR group also had significantly lower numbers of retrieved oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, two-pronuclear zygotes, and day 3 available embryos (all P &lt; 0.05). A total of 36 differentially expressed miRNAs (5 upregulated, 31 downregulated), 102 differentially expressed lncRNAs (55 upregulated, 47 downregulated), and 234 differentially expressed mRNAs (69 upregulated, 165 downregulated) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these differentially expressed RNAs were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, apoptosis, DNA damage and repair, and steroidogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted a ceRNA network containing 20 lncRNA-mRNA pairs, 108 lncRNA-miRNA pairs, and 89 miRNA-mRNA pairs. Two potential ceRNA axes were identified by qRT-PCR-based expression validation: lncRNA MSTRG.39605.16/miR-143-5p/FADS1 and lncRNA NONHSAT208904.1/miR-199b-3p/ACP3, both associated with fatty acid metabolism regulation. However, direct molecular interactions within these axes remain to be functionally validated.\"&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Transcriptional alterations in granulosa cells from young women with DOR are primarily enriched in fatty acid metabolism, AKT-mTOR signaling, and apoptosis pathways. The predicted ceRNA network","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}