Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of aging on gene expression in human oocytes: a comparative analysis of young and older patients.","authors":"Raoul Orvieto, Omri Nayshool, Louisa Cohen, Yuval Yung, Adva Aizer, Efrat Glick Saar, Dan Dominissini","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01449-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01449-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging affects gene expression in pathways essential for energy metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and antioxidant defenses, directly affecting oocyte quality and viability. Single-cell RNA deep sequencing studies of aged versus young human MII oocytes revealed many differentially expressed genes. In addition, single human oocyte transcriptome analysis at both germinal vesicle (GV) and MII stages revealed distinct stage-dependent pathways impacted by aging, with a decrease in mitochondrial-related transcripts from GV to MII oocytes, and a much greater reduction in MII oocytes with advanced age.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim was to investigate the age-related differences in gene expression of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes between young and advanced age patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Immature GV oocytes were donated by 6 patients, divided into two age groups: The \"Young\" group (ages 16-29) had three participants (mean age: 23.3 ± 6.6 years), and the \"Elderly\" group (ages 38-40) included three participants (mean age: 39 ± 1 year). After retrieval, oocytes were denuded and donated GV oocytes were cryopreserved at -196<sup>0</sup>C until analysis. For library preparation, we used the NEBNext<sup>®</sup> Single Cell/Low Input RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina, Sect. 1 (cat no. E6420S, New England Biolabs (NEB), USA), strictly adhering to the manufacturer's instructions. Gene expression quantification was performed using feature Counts from the Subread package (v1.5.3), and comprehensive quality control reports were generated using MultiQC (v1.25.1). To further corroborate the differential expression of hub genes associated with oocyte aging identified in our preliminary analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed for four selected hub genes (MYL4, POMZP3, and LINC002087).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of top 10 significantly differently expressed genes 7 (LINC02087, POMZP3, LINC02749, MYL4, AGPAT2, GCA, and LIMK1) were downregulated and 3 (CLEC3A, ARPP21, and CITED2) showed significant upregulation in young versus old oocytes. These genes underscore the impact of aging on critical oocyte pathways, including chromosomal stability, epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial function, immune response, structural integrity, and calcium signaling. Moreover, among these genes, LINC02087 was the most downregulated (log2FC = -7.66), while CITED2 showed the strongest upregulation (log2FC = 3.43) in young versus old oocytes. Following the RNA extraction of pooled GV oocytes of 8 elderly and 9 young donors' GV oocytes. We observed significant differences in gene expression levels between the two age groups, in line with the single-cell RNASeq.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the effects of aging on the oocyte transcriptome could identify biomarkers that characterize good MII oocyte quality. The different genes expressions in aged oocytes highlight their poten","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The establishment of lipid profiles reference ranges during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Liyun Sun, Bingrui Gao, Mingyue Wang, Yuqi Liu, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng, Dongdong Luo, Jing Li","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01450-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01450-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal lipid levels, which are crucial for both foetal development and maternal health, exhibit significant physiological changes during pregnancy. Current reference ranges for lipids that are based on common adults may inadequately assess the appropriate lipid levels during pregnancy and fail to predict potential risks. Therefore, it is necessary to establish trimester-specific reference intervals (TSRIs) for pregnant women during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish TSRIs for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels during pregnancy and to explore potential factors influencing lipid levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA/MOOSE guidelines, 13 observational studies (54,517 healthy women with singleton pregnancies) were included and analyzed. The pooled means and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the TSRIs for women with singleton pregnancies were calculated using a frequentist approach. The quality of the included studies was appraised by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The established TSRIs for the women with singleton pregnancies during the first, second, and third trimesters were 3.00-5.83, 3.79-7.87, and 4.39-8.98 mmol/L for TC; 0.08-2.27, 0.39-3.90, and 0.82-5.00 mmol/L for TG; 0.86-2.34, 0.80-2.69, and 0.83-2.58 mmol/L for HDL-c; and 1.16-3.56, 1.51-5.04, and 1.90-5.74 mmol/L for LDL-c, respectively. The TSRIs applicable to Chinese women with singleton pregnancies were 2.96-5.66, 3.79-7.63 and 4.36-8.69 mmol/L for TC; 0.22-2.05, 0.56-4.08 and 1.10-5.15 mmol/L for TG; 1.01-2.35, 0.84-2.66 and 0.67-2.72 mmol/L for HDL-c; and 1.12-3.38, 1.39-4.94 and 1.79-5.60 mmol/L for LDL-c for the first, second, and third trimesters. Compared with pregnant women from Asia, European and South American pregnant women showed higher serum third-trimester TC level and lower second-trimester TG and third-trimester TG and LDL-c levels. Studies using enzyme colorimetry method reported higher second-trimester TG and third-trimester TG and HDL-c levels than those using enzyme methods. In addition, the third-trimester TC, HDL-c, LDL-c and three-trimesters TG levels were significantly higher as reported by the studies conducted before 2015 than by the ones conducted after 2015.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The appropriate establishment of TSRIs is essential for accurate diagnosis of dyslipidaemia during pregnancy, which may be affected by the inhabited regions where pregnant women lived, the assay methods and the years when study conducted. Further region-specific and method-specific TSRIs for women with singleton pregnancies using the latest data are needed in order to enhance the diagnostic capability of dyslipidaemia in pregnant women during three trimesters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of combined metformin and semaglutide therapy on body weight, metabolic parameters, and reproductive outcomes in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial.","authors":"Haiyan Chen, Xiaohui Lei, Zhuoran Yang, Yuxin Xu, Dongfang Liu, Cong Wang, Hu Du","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01447-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01447-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of metformin (MET) monotherapy versus a combination of semaglutide and MET on weight, metabolism, reproductive function, and inflammatory markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 overweight or obese women with PCOS diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: MET (1000 mg twice daily [BID] for 16 weeks) and combination therapy (COM) (1000  mg MET BID plus 1- mg semaglutide once weekly [QW] for 16 weeks). Primary outcomes, assessed at Week 0 and Week 16, included changes in anthropometric measures related to obesity, while the secondary outcomes included alterations in reproductive hormone levels, glucose and lipid metabolism, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, Between Weeks 16 and 40, all participants received metformin monotherapy (1000 mg BID) to evaluate pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 80 participants (80%) completed the study. After 16 weeks of intervention, the COM group exhibited significantly greater reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) compared to the MET group (all P < 0.01). The COM group experienced an average weight loss of 6.09 ± 3.34 kg, while the MET group lost only 2.25 ± 4.27 kg. The COM group also demonstrated greater improvements in testosterone (TEST), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), and CRP levels compared to the MET group. Additionally, the COM group showed higher rates of menstrual cycle recovery than the MET group. From weeks 16 to 40, the COM group demonstrated a significantly higher natural pregnancy rate than the MET group (35% vs. 15%, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to MET monotherapy, combination therapy with semaglutide and MET significantly reduced body weight, improved insulin resistance, decreased inflammatory markers, alleviated and menstrual irregularities and increased natural pregnancy rates in overweight/obese women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>chictr.org.cn ID: ChiCTR2400090908 (Registration time: 2024-10-15).</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Viral infection and its impact on fertility, medically assisted reproduction and early pregnancy- a narrative review.","authors":"Piotr Laudański, Aleksandra Zyguła, Adam Czyżyk, Katarzyna Olszak-Wasik, Damian Warzecha, Cezary Wojtyła, Rafał Kurzawa","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01444-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01444-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A valuable predictive model for optimizing the timing of oocyte retrieval: a retrospective analysis of oocyte retrieval time in 49,961 oocyte pickup (OPU) cycles.","authors":"Yuting Huang, Zhe Kuang, Xi Shen, Yunhan Nie, Yuqi Zeng, Yali Liu, Li Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01441-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01441-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In clinical practice, scheduling oocyte retrieval is a challenging issue that requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as the woman's age, ovarian response, hormone levels and other variables. Moreover, there is currently no consensus on how to effectively consider these factors and their weights in order to optimize the scheduling of oocyte retrieval for obtaining more mature oocytes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To effectively identify the key determinants of oocyte retrieval time through an extensive analysis of retrospective clinical data, and to develop a valuable predictive model for optimizing the timing of oocyte retrieval in assisted reproductive technology (ART).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective study included 49,961 oocyte pickup (OPU) cycles, as well as 5567 subsequent ET cycles and 45,198 FET cycles between January 2010 and August 2024. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and directed acyclic graphs (DAG) were employed to identify the key determinants associated with oocyte retrieval time. Oocyte pickup (OPU) cycles achieving a minimum of 70% oocyte retrieval rate and 80% oocyte maturation rate, indicating well-organized timing of oocyte retrieval, were assigned to Group 1, while the remaining cycles were assigned to Group 2. The data from Group 1 was randomly divided into training and validation sets using the \"sample\" function in R software. The training set data was utilized to develop a predictive model for oocyte retrieval time based on former identified determinants using the \"lm\" function in R software. Subsequently, the performance of this model was evaluated and visualised using the \"performance\" and \"plot\" function, and further validated with the validation set from Group 1 as well as the data from Group 2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Female age, AFC, COH protocol, number of follicles &gt; 14 mm in diameter on the day of trigger, and hormone levels on the day of trigger (including E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, P, and LH) were key determinants for the timing of oocyte retrieval. A valuable predictive formula for determining the optimal timing of oocyte retrieval has been formulated and validated: 37.43-0.02219*Female age + 0.01383*AFC + 0.00006* E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; level on the trigger day-0.00939*P level on the trigger day-0.05194*LH level on the trigger day + 0.01497*Number of follicles &gt; 14 mm in diameter on the trigger day + β (β = 0.0000 in Short agonist protocol, β = -0.3320 in PPOS protocol, β = 0.8361 in GnRH antagonist protocol, β = -1.2280 in Mild stimulation protocol, β = 0.4160 in Long agonist protocol).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The female age, antral follicle count (AFC), controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocol, number of follicles measuring &gt; 14 mm in diameter on the trigger day, as well as hormone levels including E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, P, and LH on the trigger day are crucial factors influencing oocyte retrieval time. A robust predictive model for ","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy complications affect kynurenine pathway metabolite concentrations in umbilical cord blood.","authors":"Michelle Broekhuizen, Heike Allenberg, Claude P van der Ley, Sofie K M van Zundert, Zongye Cai, Martijn van Faassen, Daphne Merkus, A H Jan Danser, Anja Lange, Irwin K M Reiss, Matthias Heckmann","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01436-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01436-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tryptophan and its kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites play key roles in modulating the immune system and vasculature, and exhibit both pro- and antioxidant properties, making them crucial for a healthy pregnancy and fetal development. Disruptions in the KP may impact both prenatal and postnatal health, however, data on fetal KP metabolite concentrations and their alterations in pregnancy-related disorders remain scarce. This study aims to investigate the association between pregnancy complications and KP metabolite concentrations in umbilical cord blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (n = 40), fetal growth restriction (FGR, n = 33), pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM, n = 42), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n = 61), and amniotic infection syndrome (AIS, n = 47) were included, along with 410 controls matched in a 1:2 ratio using Mahalanobis nearest-neighbor matching from a prospective birth cohort study. Tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, quinolinic acid, picolinic acid, and nicotinic acid were measured in umbilical cord blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differences in metabolite concentrations were analyzed using unpaired t-tests and linear regression models to control for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tryptophan concentrations were decreased in cases of preeclampsia and DM. We identified elevated levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine in preeclampsia, kynurenine in GDM, and nicotinic acid in both FGR and DM. Quinolinic acid levels were also higher in preeclampsia and GDM, although this was not significant after adjusting for confounding variables. We observed no changes in KP metabolites in AIS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified distinct alterations in umbilical cord blood KP metabolite concentrations in pregnancies with preeclampsia, FGR, DM, and GDM, but not AIS. This suggests differential regulation and activation of the KP depending on the pregnancy disorder. Such changes may influence maternal and infant health and could play a role in fetal programming, with potential long-term effects on child development and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive symptoms in adolescents with and without polycystic ovary syndrome living with obesity: a case-control study.","authors":"Reem Hassan Beck, Nabras Al-Qahtani, Deepti Chaturvedi, Rama Watad, Mini Ravi, Asma Deeb","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01443-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01443-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adults with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity are at risk of depression, but less is known about the relationship between PCOS, obesity, and depression in adolescents. The objective of this study was to establish whether PCOS is associated with symptoms of depression in adolescents living with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, case-control study of adolescents aged 12-19 years living with obesity (> 95th percentile) with (n = 45) and without (n = 26) PCOS diagnosed according to international criteria. Symptoms of depression were self-assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Associations between demographic and biochemical variables, PCOS, and symptoms of depression were assessed with the chi-squared test or Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) age and BMI Z-score of the study population were 14.8 (2.0) years and 2.19 (0.35), respectively. There were no significant differences in age, BMI Z-score, nor biochemical parameters between patients with and without PCOS. The mean (SD) CES-DC score was significantly higher in patients with PCOS than those without [31.2 (8.9) vs. 13.1 (6.0); p < 0.001]. A diagnosis of PCOS was associated with mild to moderate or major depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), with nearly all (95.6%) patients with PCOS screening positive for the possibility of depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depressive symptoms are extremely common in adolescents with or without PCOS and matched BMI, suggesting that obesity is not the only mechanism leading to depression. The mechanisms leading to depression in adolescents with PCOS, including relationships between metabolic profiles, PCOS, and depression, require further exploration to personalize therapy in this group of particularly vulnerable individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian disruption impairs Leydig cell maturation and reproductive development in male rats.","authors":"Dijana Z Travicic, Dejan Miljkovic, Silvana A Andric, Tatjana S Kostic","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01440-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01440-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian desynchrony, caused by a misalignment between the internal biological clock and environmental light cues, is increasingly prevalent in adolescents due to irregular light exposure and social pressures. However, its impact on reproductive maturation remains poorly understood. In this study, the effects of chronic circadian disruption, induced by the 223 light regimen (two days of constant light, two days of constant darkness, and three days of a 14:10 h light-dark cycle), were examined in juvenile and peripubertal male rats (postnatal days 21-49). Gene expression profiles associated with Leydig cell maturation, including steroidogenic, mitochondrial, and clock-related genes, as well as markers of germ cell differentiation, were analyzed alongside functional mitochondrial parameters in Leydig cells. Under control conditions, Leydig cell maturation was marked by increased expression of core clock genes, steroidogenic enzymes (Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1/2), and mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics markers (Tfam, Nrf1, Cytc, Opa1, Mfn2). These transcriptional changes coincided with rising mitochondrial content, membrane potential, ATP levels, serum androgens, and progression of spermatogenesis. Conversely, the 223-regimen disrupted behavioral rhythms, reduced circulating melatonin, blunted expression of maturation-associated genes, and shifted the acrophase of key steroidogenic and circadian transcripts in 49-day-old rats, indicating altered Leydig cell rhythmicity. These molecular disruptions were accompanied by decreased testosterone levels, altered expression of spermatid differentiation genes (Tnp1 and Prm2), and a reduction in the number of elongated spermatids at stage VII of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, circadian misalignment disrupts endocrine and transcriptional coordination during Leydig cell development, underscoring the vulnerability of pubertal reproductive maturation to environmental light disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of super-resolution ultrasound radiomics models in predicting the failure of conservative treatment for ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"Mingyan Zhang, Junfa Sheng","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01437-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01437-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conservative treatment remains a viable option for selected patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP), but failure may lead to rupture and serious complications. Currently, serum β-hCG is the main predictor for treatment outcomes, yet its accuracy is limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model that integrates radiomic features derived from super-resolution (SR) ultrasound images with clinical biomarkers to improve risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 228 patients with EP receiving conservative treatment were retrospectively included, with 169 classified as treatment success and 59 as failure. SR images were generated using a deep learning-based generative adversarial network (GAN). Radiomic features were extracted from both normal-resolution (NR) and SR ultrasound images. Features with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.75 were retained after intra- and inter-observer evaluation. Feature selection involved statistical testing and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Random forest algorithms were used to construct NR and SR models. A clinical model based on serum β-hCG was also developed. The Clin-SR model was constructed by fusing SR radiomics with β-hCG values. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA). An independent temporal validation cohort (n = 40; 20 failures, 20 successes) was used to validation of the nomogram derived from the Clin-SR model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SR model significantly outperformed the NR model in the test cohort (AUC: 0.791 ± 0.015 vs. 0.629 ± 0.083). In a representative iteration, the Clin-SR fusion model achieved an AUC of 0.870 ± 0.015, with good calibration and net clinical benefit, suggesting reliable performance in predicting conservative treatment failure. In the independent validation cohort, the nomogram demonstrated good generalizability with an AUC of 0.808 and consistent calibration across risk thresholds. Key contributing radiomic features included Gray Level Variance and Voxel Volume, reflecting lesion heterogeneity and size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Clin-SR model, which integrates deep learning-enhanced SR ultrasound radiomics with serum β-hCG, offers a robust and non-invasive tool for predicting conservative treatment failure in ectopic pregnancy. This multimodal approach enhances early risk stratification and supports personalized clinical decision-making, potentially reducing overtreatment and emergency interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letrozole ovulation regimen for frozen-thawed embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a muti-centre randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Yanqiu Xie, Ping Li, Guimin Hao, Weifen Deng, Junli Zhao, Shanshan Gao, Bingbing Deng, Yanping Li, Min Deng, Yingying Yuan, Qi Fan, Ningzhen Zhang, Zhiming Zhao, Yuhua Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01432-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01432-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients typically undergo either an ovulation induction regimen or a programmed regimen for endometrial preparation before frozen embryo transfer (FET). However, the superiority of one approach over the other remains controversial. While previous studies suggest that the letrozole regimen may improve pregnancy outcomes, prospective studies are insufficient. Therefore, we designed a multi-center randomized controlled trial to compare the pregnancy outcomes between these two regimens in PCOS patients undergoing FET.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label trial included 155 PCOS patients from six hospitals in China between September 2022 and February 2024. Patients were randomised into either the letrozole ovulation regimen group (n = 81) or the programmed regimen group (n = 74) during FET cycles. Subgroup analysis was used among patients with single blastocyst transfer. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate, with secondary outcomes including abortion rate, live birth rate, and other pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of 155 FET women showed no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rates between the letrozole group (62.96%) and the programmed group (60.81%, P > 0.05). Similarly, no differences were observed in abortion rate, live birth rate, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, or neonatal birth weight. However, more patients in the letrozole group received single-drug luteal support (53.16% vs. 16.67%, P < 0.05). A subgroup analysis of 108 women involving patients who underwent single blastocyst transfer revealed no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates (66.67% vs. 73.33%, P > 0.05) or live birth rates (58.73% vs. 55.56%, P > 0.05) between the two groups. A higher proportion of women in the letrozole ovulation regimen group received single-drug luteal support compared to those in the programmed regimen group (58.73% vs. 22.22%, P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of fertilization method, abortion rate, or obstetric and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The letrozole ovulation regimen demonstrated comparable clinical pregnancy rates to the programmed regimen in PCOS patients undergoing FET, while requiring only simple luteal support. These findings suggest that the letrozole regimen may be a favourable alternative for endometrial preparation in this population.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200062244 ( https://www.chictr.org.cn ). Registered on 31 July 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}