Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of psychosocial work factors on male fertility and sperm quality: a scoping review.","authors":"Edward Wilson Ansah, Paul Obeng, Jacob Owusu Sarfo, Mustapha Amoadu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01369-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01369-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While much research is available on the implications of environmental and occupational exposures to chemicals on infertility and sperm quality, less is known about the impact of psychosocial work exposures on male reproductive health, including sperm quality. Therefore, this scoping review maps evidence of the psychosocial work factors and their effects on male fertility, including sperm quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were conducted in JSTOR, Central, PubMed, and Web of Science, with additional searches carried out in Google and Google Scholar. The study included only peer-reviewed articles published in the English language, conducted among male working population between January 1990 and January 2024. Two authors independently extracted data from eligible full-text records, which the other two authors reviewed the extracted data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search conducted in the selected databases produced 1,322 records, and through a rigorous screening process, 18 full-text peer reviewed articles were included in this review. The findings about the influence of shift work, long working hours, and job strain on male fertility and sperm quality remain inconclusive. Unfortunately, job stress and cognitive weariness reduce male fertility by lowering sperm quality. Fortunately, social support at work is found to buffer the effect of high job demands on sperm quality. Moreover, workers who smoke tobacco, have poor sleep quality, and have history of depression and diabetes are more likely to suffer infertility and have poor sperm quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Workplace interventions are needed to match high job demands with adequate job resources such as social support, job control, adequate breaks and rest periods, and to encourage healthy lifestyles for improved reproductive health outcomes among male workers. More quality studies are needed to explore the influence of psychosocial working conditions on sperm quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular microlithiasis and male fertility: a dual perspective integrating imaging and physiological insights.","authors":"Jiedong Zhou, Shian Hu, Yong Ouyang, Min Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01461-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01461-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a pathological condition characterized by diffuse calcifications within the seminiferous tubules. Its clinical significance remains controversial. While some studies regard TM a benign imaging finding, others suggest potential associations with impaired fertility and an increased risk of testicular malignancy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the relationship between TM and male fertility, incorporating both imaging and physiological perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases from 2003 to 2025 using the keywords \"testicular microlithiasis\" in combination with \"fertility,\" \"spermatogenesis,\" and \"semen analysis.\" The inclusion criteria comprised clinical studies evaluating TM in the context of male fertility, including imaging techniques, physiological mechanisms, case-control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and narrative reviews. Conference abstracts and animal studies were excluded from the review. After rigorous screening, 66 high-quality studies were included for synthesis and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of TM was significantly higher in infertile men (5.54%) compared to the fertile population (1.47%), reinforcing the potential link between TM and male infertility. Bilateral TM was strongly associated with reduced testicular volume, lower sperm retrieval rates, and abnormal semen parameters, indicating a more pronounced detrimental effect on reproductive function. Imaging and physiological data suggest that scrotal ultrasonography, used as the primary diagnostic tool, frequently reveals an elevated testicular resistive index (RI) in patients with TM. Concurrent findings include damage to the seminiferous tubules, aberrant expression of fertility-related genes such as KITLG and BMP7, and dysregulation of the testicular microenvironment, which may underlie impaired spermatogenesis. Additionally, in high-risk populations, TM has been linked to an increased risk of testicular germ cell tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with bilateral TM and testicular atrophy should be classified as high-risk and closely monitored through routine ultrasound evaluations. Assisted reproductive technologies, such as microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE), may be necessary to optimize fertility outcomes. Future research should prioritize large-scale prospective cohort studies and interdisciplinary approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying TM and to advance personalized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide in placental development and pregnancy disorders: mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges.","authors":"Lijia Du, Rui Zheng, Weina Ren, Yingru Liu, Xiaoxiong Zhu, Shiyang Chang, Zhifen Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01465-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01465-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The placenta plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy stability, regulating fetal growth, and facilitating maternal-fetal exchange. Its proper development relies on placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, along with adaptive remodeling of the maternal uterine vasculature. However, the mechanisms underlying placental development and the successful establishment of the maternal-fetal interface remain incompletely understood. As the third gaseous signaling molecule identified after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has been demonstrated to regulate vascular adaptation during pregnancy by promoting angiogenesis and neovascularization. Dysregulated H₂S biosynthesis has been implicated in pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preterm birth (PTB), underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target. Recent studies have revealed that H₂S regulates placental function via multiple signaling pathways, including activating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K⁺ (K_ATP) channels, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling, and mitochondrial dynamics. Notably, H₂S-mediated persulfidation of mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 (Miro2) has been shown to maintain trophoblast invasiveness and promote placental vascular homeostasis. Additionally, exogenous H₂S donors (e.g., GYY4137 and NaHS) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in experimental models, effectively reversing PE-like pathologies, improving placental perfusion, and restoring trophoblast function. Research further indicates that BK_Ca channels play a key role in H₂S-mediated vasodilation by modulating intracellular Ca²⁺ flux, which influences placental vascular tone and perfusion, reinforcing the importance of H₂S in maternal-fetal circulation regulation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of H₂S biosynthesis and metabolism and its regulatory role in early placental development. Notably, elevated estrogen levels during pregnancy have been identified as key regulators of H₂S production, and we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which estrogen modulates H₂S synthesis. Furthermore, we discuss the vascular-protective and anti-inflammatory properties of H₂S donors and dual-donor strategies. As research continues to reveal H₂S-mediated mechanisms in placental function and pregnancy disorders, optimizing the pharmacological application and clinical translation of H₂S donors and combination therapies will be a key research focus. Advancing H₂S metabolic regulation, signaling pathways, and targeted delivery systems may drive the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for pregnancy complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating impact of FSH isoforms, androgens and inhibin-B on follicular development based on a two-phase model of the follicular phase.","authors":"Claus Yding Andersen","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01464-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01464-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, anxiety, and stress impair sperm quality via dysregulation of the mitochondrial PDK-PDC axis.","authors":"Wang Wang, Wang Qikai, Wang Zilin, Shao Junyan, Jiang Xiaocui, Liu Qi, Chen Shuhui, Zhu Yangyang, Gao Mengjie, Chen Siyi, Cao Jigang, Xiao Min","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01458-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01458-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility, a significant global public health challenge, arises from multifactorial interactions involving genetic, metabolic, and psychological factors. While psychological stress (depression/anxiety/stress, DAS) is increasingly linked to impaired sperm quality, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This cross-sectional study investigates mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming via the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) axis under psychological stress, exploring multidimensional impacts on semen quality.Approved by three tertiary hospitals in Central China, 557 participants were categorized into DAS and non-DAS groups based on DASS-21 scores, with clinical histories and semen samples collected. Targeted metabolomics (ATP/pyruvate/lactate), lipidomics (free fatty acids), and RT-qPCR (PDK1-4, PDH mRNA) were performed. Results revealed significantly reduced sperm motility in the DAS group (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, DAS upregulated PDK2/PDK4 expression and suppressed PDH expression, driving metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study provides the first evidence that psychological stress impairs sperm motility via PDK-PDC axis dysregulation, offering novel mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets for male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and hormonal changes in the ovaries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls: a 13-year prospective study in an unselected population.","authors":"Nevda Ceren Sonu, Seren Aksun, Gurkan Bozdag, Hakan Yarali, Bulent Okan Yildiz, Sezcan Mumusoglu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01462-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01462-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates whether ovarian structural and hormonal changes over a 13-year period differ between women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls within an unselected population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective nested cohort study followed up on a prevalence study conducted in 2009 in an unselected-population. A total of 41 women with PCOS (≥ 35 years-old, diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria) and 43 age- and body-mass-index-(BMI)-matched healthy controls were included from this cohort. The relationship between ovarian structure and hormonal profiles was tracked over 13 years. Antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OV) were assessed by transvaginal/pelvic ultrasonography. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured. The cardiometabolic profile of these aging women in same cohort was reported in a recent study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age (44.1 ± 6.5 vs. 46.4 ± 4.2 years, p = 0.06), BMI (24.7; IQR:21.9-27.8 vs. 25.2; IQR:23.2-28.9, p = 0.16), and proportion of women in postmenopausal stage (75.6% vs. 62.8%, p = 0.24) were comparable between PCOS and control groups. Ovarian volume and AFC were significantly higher in the aging women with PCOS. At 13 years follow-up, PCOS group experienced a greater decline in AFC, AMH, and TT but retained higher levels of AMH, TT, FAI, and DHEAS than controls. An AMH cutoff of 1.17 ng/mL showed moderate diagnostic reliability for diagnosing PCOS in aging women, with an area under curve of 0.71 (95% CI:0.60-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aging women with PCOS show greater declines in AFC, OV, AMH, and TT but maintain higher ovarian and hormonal levels than controls. Serum AMH provides moderate diagnostic utility for diagnosing PCOS in aging women.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12487078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of hyaluronan in endometrial receptivity: key insights for implantation and reproductive success.","authors":"Eva Krivakova, Michal Michna, Nicole Fabianova, Maria Marekova, Silvia Toporcerova, Lukas Kubala, Miroslava Rabajdova","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01452-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01452-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility affects millions worldwide, and implantation failure remains a critical barrier in assisted reproduction. Endometrial receptivity, a fundamental prerequisite for successful implantation, involves precise regulation of extracellular matrix components, with hyaluronan (HA) being particularly significant due to its structural and signaling roles. This study evaluated the expression of genes involved in HA metabolism and regulation across different phases of the menstrual cycle, particularly emphasizing their role during the window of implantation in normal fertility and repeated in vitro fertilization failures. Analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets revealed distinct expression patterns of HA synthases (HAS2, HAS3), HA-degrading enzymes (HYAL2, CEMIP, CEMIP2), and HA receptors (CD44, RHAMM, layilin) in endometrium that dynamically change toward the receptive state. Notably, HAS enzymes and HA receptors were upregulated during the mid-secretory phase, whereas classical HA-degrading enzymes showed complex regulation, suggesting a balance between HA synthesis and degradation necessary for optimal endometrial function. In patients with repeated IVF failure, there was significant downregulation of key HA-related genes (HAS2, HAS3, CEMIP, CD44, versican, syndecans), implicating impaired HA metabolism in implantation failure. The results underscore the role of HA metabolism and HA receptors in establishing a receptive endometrial environment, highlighting HA and its associated pathways as potential therapeutic targets to enhance reproductive success rates. Further research is necessary to unravel the detailed molecular mechanisms of HA-mediated regulation and its translational implications for assisted reproduction technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic impacts of diabetes on spermatogenesis and intervention strategies: multilayered mechanism analysis and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Jinyue Rong, Xu Leng, Kun Jiang, Jichun Tan, Meng Dong, Jichun Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01454-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01454-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease with a high global prevalence, has increasingly been recognized for its adverse effects on the male reproductive system, particularly spermatogenesis. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted impacts of diabetes on spermatogenesis, encompassing molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, dysregulated gene expression, metabolic imbalance, apoptosis, microcirculation impairment, and chronic inflammation, as revealed by recent studies. The intricate effects of these mechanisms on sperm quality, reproductive function, and offspring health are also thoroughly explored. A key innovation of this review lies in integrating recent advances, especially those highlighting the roles of epigenetic modifications, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance (IR)-related pathways in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, the review evaluates the potential of personalized interventions, including glycemic control, antioxidant therapies, and lifestyle modifications, providing a scientific foundation for the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive analysis offers forward-looking guidance for future research and clinical interventions addressing diabetes-associated male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated serum estradiol levels on embryo transfer day predict higher pregnancy success in HRT-FET cycles.","authors":"Maryam Azizi Kutenaee, Fatemeh Bahmani, Farzaneh Fesahat, Nasibeh Roozbeh, Ensieh Salehi","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01457-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01457-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of the follicular fluid amino acid profile reveals the important roles of several amino acids in embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Li Yu, Wei Cai, Chen Wang, Minna Shen, Miao Liu, Qi Che, Shuo Li, Xuan Zhang, Dan Shen, Yongning Lu, Xiaowei Ji, Xi Dong, Baishen Pan, Beili Wang, Suying Liu, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01460-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01460-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is widely acknowledged as the prevailing reproductive endocrine disorder accompanied by numerous metabolic dysfunctions. However, there has been a lack of systematic examination regarding the amino acids profile in PCOS. There is a dearth of evidence in regard to the examination of connections between amino acid metabolites found in follicular fluid (FF) and the quality of embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to assess amino acid signatures associated with PCOS, as well as identify potential amino acid markers for evaluating embryo quality in PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort study consisted of 143 women who were undergoing lVF/ICSl. Among these, 79 patients who had been diagnosed with PCOS, while the remaining 64 patients did not have PCOS. The concentrations of 30 amino acids present in FF were accurately determined through the use of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We use the spearman correlation was used to calculate correlations. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% CIs between differential metabolites and embryo mass were estimated by the logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentrations of glutamine (p = 0.025), taurine (p = 0.017), phenylalanine (p = 0.006), arginine (p = 0.002), histidine (p = 0.001), serine (p = 0.001), Tryptophan (p = 0.037), citrulline (p = 0.05), lysine (p = 0.012), sarcosine (p = 0.028) and 1-Methylhistidine (p = 0.006) in the PCOS group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Both PCOS and control groups showed distinct amino acid profiles between quality subgroups: in PCOS, taurine, aspartic acid, and threonine were higher in the top-quality subgroup, while in controls, alanine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, tryptophan, glycine, ornithine, threonine, and methionine were lower in the poor-quality subgroup. Lower amino acid concentrations were associated with a lower probability of high-quality embryos from IVF. We also identified 11 and 3 amino acids that related to embryo quality in the control and PCOS groups respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research has the potential to provide valuable insights regarding the involvement of amino acid abnormalities in follicular fluid in the pathophysiology of PCOS. The findings indicated the possibility of variations in amino acid composition, and consequently variations in embryo quality, among normal and PCOS women. Additional research is required in order to substantiate these findings and directly assess the effects on pregnancy and live birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}