Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Serum trace and heavy metal exposure and IVF/ICSI outcomes: modifying effects of maternal diet in a prospective cohort.","authors":"Yali Huang, Jing Li, Shengli Lin, Nidong Li, Yingxin Zhu, Linlin Wang, Wei Guo, Lixue Chen, Rong Li, Jie Qiao, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01562-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01562-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental exposure to trace and heavy metals may influence female fertility, yet their impact on assisted reproductive outcomes remains poorly defined. Maternal diet can potentially modulate metal-related toxicity by influencing metabolic pathways and oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the associations between ten serum metal concentrations and IVF/ICSI outcomes, and to investigate whether maternal dietary patterns modify these relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 396 women undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle. Serum levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), and molybdenum (Mo) were quantified on menstrual cycle days 2-4. Dietary patterns were derived via principal component analysis from a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable models were adjusted for demographic factors and clinical indicators, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), basal FSH, and total gonadotropin (Gn) dose. Multiple testing was controlled using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) procedure, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) evaluated non-linear threshold effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After FDR adjustment, several robust associations remained. Higher serum Mg (adjusted OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15) and Ca (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.22) were significantly associated with an increased good embryo rate (P-fdr < 0.05). Conversely, higher Pb levels were robustly linked to a reduced good embryo rate (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95), and Se was inversely associated with the total oocyte yield (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96; P-fdr < 0.05). RCS analysis identified a significant non-linear threshold effect for Ca (Pnon-linear = 0.005), with benefits on embryo quality plateauing at 136.05 ng/mL. Maternal dietary patterns significantly modified these associations, though these interactions were primarily nominal (P < 0.05). Notably, high adherence to a caffeinated-beverage pattern exacerbated the adverse associations of certain metals with embryo quality, whereas balanced eating patterns appeared to buffer these risks. Among high caffeine consumers, higher Mg levels were associated with a five-fold increase in the odds of achieving a high good embryo rate (OR = 5.10, P interaction < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Circulating metals are independently associated with stage-specific IVF outcomes after accounting for ovarian reserve and treatment intensity. Habitual diet functions as a critical modifier of environmental reproductive risks. Preconceptional dietary optimization may improve individual resilience against metal-related developmental toxicity during assisted reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical use of recombinant human luteinizing hormone beyond hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a multicenter descriptive analysis from five Italian fertility centers.","authors":"Andrea Busnelli, Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti, Valeria Stella Vanni, Andrea Carosso, Gianluca Gennarelli, Ilario Candeloro, Francesco Maria Fusi, Anna Elisa Nicolosi, Rossella Masciangelo, Andrea De Rosa, Letizia Li Piani, Chiara Dallagiovanna, Marco Reschini","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01551-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01551-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recombinant human luteinizing hormone (rLH) was originally introduced to supplement recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Promising evidence is emerging regarding the efficacy of rLH in conditions which mimic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; however, current data remain insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. The aim of the present multicentre observational study was to characterize the in vitro fertilization (IVF) population in which a fixed combination of rFSH/rLH is prescribed, and to analyse both point-specific and cumulative outcomes associated with its use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted across the Infertility Units of 5 different large public hospitals in northern Italy. All women who were referred to the 5 IVF Units between January 2018 and December 2023 to undergo either conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were reviewed. Only homologous in vitro fertilization cycles were included. Patients who were prescribed a fixed-ratio (2:1) combination of rFSH and rLH, were deemed eligible for study entry. Patients whose partners had severe forms of male infertility (i.e., men with sperm concentration < 1000000/ml or who underwent surgical sperm retrieval) were excluded. The primary outcome was the cumulative live birth rate (cLBR) per oocyte retrieval defined as the number of deliveries with at least one live birth resulting from one initiated or aspirated IVF/ICSI cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 9,703 IVF/ICSI cycles were included in the study. The median female age was 39 [36-41] years. The main IVF indications were mixed infertility (28%), followed by reduced ovarian reserve (24%) and tubal factor (15%). Ovarian reserve markers showed a median AMH of 1.00 [0.55-1.80] ng/ml and a median AFC of 6 [4-9]. A LBR of 24% [95%CI: 23-25] per cycle and 27% [95%CI: 26-29] per oocyte retrieval and a CPR of 33% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32-34] per cycle and 38% [95%CI: 37-39] per oocyte retrieval were observed. No differences emerged in LBR and CPR when patients were divided according to baseline LH levels (< 6 mIU/ml vs. ≥ 6 mIU/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study showed that the fixed-ratio rFSH/rLH combination was primarily employed in AMA women with poor or very poor prognosis. Our data also suggest that baseline serum LH concentrations do not significantly impact clinical outcomes in patients undergoing COS with the fixed rFSH/rLH combination. Future research directions should include well-designed, real-world comparative studies involving large multicentre datasets and robust patient stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverging guidelines and consensus statements on preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy: indications and strategies reviewed.","authors":"Laura Sichenze, Alexander Fiore, Maíra Casalechi, Edgardo Somigliana, Paola Viganò","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01545-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01545-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widely used to screen for embryo aneuploidy, enabling the selection and transfer of genetically normal embryos. Despite its potential to improve clinical outcomes, the implementation of PGT-A raises challenges, including variability in clinical indications, protocols, interpretation of results, and post-PGT counselling. To better explore the extent of standardization and consistency in PGT-A practice, this study undertook a comparative analysis of recommendations from widely adopted guidelines, opinion papers, and position statements on PGT-A, emphasizing both convergent views and points of divergence. Thus, the impact of variability in PGT-A practice has been assessed by reviewing the technical and clinical approaches established by n = 11 authoritative scientific societies. Recommendations from widely adopted guidelines, opinion and position papers were compared, highlighting areas of both consensus and divergence. Advanced maternal age is the only indication to PGT-A proposed in the committee opinion of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and in general all the societies concur with this opinion. However, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriages are also indications for PGT-A according to 4 societies and male factor infertility by 3 societies. Comparative genomic hybridization is one of the recommended testing platforms by 6 societies while the more recent documents tend to support the use of next generation sequencing or single nucleotide polymorphism array. Approaches to managing mosaic embryo transfers differ, with only some societies providing criteria for embryo prioritization or defining thresholds for the degree of mosaicism. Similarly, there is no uniform guidance on prenatal testing of pregnancies following PGT-A. None of the guideline or document herein presented was able to label recommendation with a grade assigned based on the strength of the supporting evidence. As medical knowledge and evidence evolve rapidly in PGT-A and robust data from RCTs is scarce, proposing specific recommendations is very challenging. Older guidelines may not reflect the most recent research findings or technological advancements, which can significantly affect their relevance and accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATA22 heterozygous variants drive premature ovarian insufficiency: mechanism of granulosa cells dysfunction and therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment.","authors":"Lingjin Xia, Wenjing Zhang, Miao Liu, Yupei Shen, Jian Zhang, Difei Wang, Fei Wang, Zhaofeng Zhang, Yushun Zhong, Ya Huang, Guihua Li, Xin Wang, Zhikai Wang, Suying Liu, Jing Du","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01547-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01547-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a prevalent reproductive endocrine disorder, with genetic pathogenesis remaining largely elusive. SPATA22 is a known meiotic regulator in germ cells, while its function in ovarian somatic granulosa cells (GCs) and causal link to POI remain entirely uncharacterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 608 idiopathic POI patients, with Sanger sequencing validating the identified SPATA22 variants in the affected pedigree. Pathogenicity and therapeutic potential were verified via in vivo phenotypic analysis of Spata22^+/- mice, in vitro functional assays of primary mouse GCs, oocyte-GCs co-culture, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo development assays, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two heterozygous pathogenic SPATA22 variants were identified in a POI pedigree with four affected infertile individuals. SPATA22 defects caused GCs dysfunction, accumulated DNA damage, oxidative stress, ovarian insufficiency, impaired fertility in mice. The antioxidant NAC effectively rescued GCs defects, and partially restored Spata22^+/- mice fertility, ovarian function, co-cultured oocyte competence and embryo development potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study identifies SPATA22 as a causative gene for human POI, provides the first definitive demonstration of a non-canonical somatic function of SPATA22 in GCs, and offers a promising therapeutic strategy for SPATA22-related POI.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis, subclinical cardiac remodeling, and cardiovascular risk: mechanistic insights from cardiac magnetic resonance and mediation analysis.","authors":"Yanzhi Feng, Kebing Nie, Mulun Xiao, Xingyu Liu, Tong Wu, Jinjin Zhang, Shixuan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01564-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01564-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis is a systemic gynecological disorder affecting ~ 10% of reproductive-aged women and shares pathophysiological features with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its associations with cardiac remodeling and CVD risk, as well as underlying mechanisms, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the UK Biobank, comprising 6,158 women diagnosed with endometriosis and 229,453 women without the condition. To validate our results, we employed a hospital cohort from the Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, which included 612 women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and 612 age-matched controls. We applied multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between endometriosis and the risk of CVD. Additionally, generalized linear models were used to evaluate cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) metrics. Mediation analyses were conducted to quantify the contributions of 32 biomarkers, with a particular emphasis on metabolic indices (e.g., triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-related indices, lipid accumulation product (LAP)), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammation score (INFLA)), oxidative stress indicators (urate, bilirubin), and hormonal status markers (sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median 13-year follow-up, 23,239 CVD events occurred. Endometriosis was associated with increased risks of CVD (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.29) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.40). These findings were robust across multiple sensitivity analyses and consistently replicated in the external Chinese cohort, with an additional significant association observed for stroke (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.40). CMR imaging revealed subclinical concentric remodeling, including increased interventricular septal thickness (1.11%, 95% CI 0.13-2.11), relative wall mass (1.11%, 95% CI 0.05-2.17), and septal-to-lateral wall thickness ratio (0.64%, 95% CI 0.00-1.29). Mediation analyses identified metabolic dysfunction as the primary pathway, with TyG-related indices (15.4%-17.3%), LAP (11.8%), and triglycerides (8.9%) accounting for the largest proportions, followed by inflammation (CRP: 11.1%; INFLA: 3.7%) and oxidative stress (urate: 6.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endometriosis is associated with increased CVD risk and early subclinical cardiac remodeling, largely mediated by metabolic and inflammatory pathways. These findings underscore the necessity of cardiovascular risk stratification and metabolic monitoring in the clinical management of women with endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time intrauterine dissolved oxygen dynamics across the luteal phase: a potential non-invasive functional biomarker of endometrial status.","authors":"Anna Teixidó Troyano, Melchor Carbonell Socias, Carmen Cabeza Oliver, Elisabeth Sanfeliu de España, Vicenç Font Zabalia, Lidia Illan Hernandez, Maria Antonia Perelló Barceló, Maria Luisa Pancorbo Lerma, Elisabet Robert Marchal, Manel Mendoza Cobaleda, Roger Gallart Agut, Luis Manuel Artiles Martínez, Monica Rodríguez de la Vega Otazo, Anna Suy Franch, Julio Herrero García","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01561-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01561-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate, same-cycle assessment of endometrial readiness remains a major unmet need in assisted reproduction. Animal models have shown that spiral artery angiogenesis drives a midluteal rise in uterine oxygen tension, but direct, real-time measurements in humans have never been reported. We hypothesized that intrauterine dissolved O₂ profiling during the luteal phase could represent a potential functional, noninvasive biomarker of endometrial status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, observational pilot feasibility study, eight healthy women aged 18-35 years with regular menstrual cycles and BMI < 30 underwent serial intrauterine pO₂ measurements across the luteal phase during a single natural cycle. Measurements were scheduled approximately every 48 h from the day of the LH surge (LH + 0) up to LH + 13/14, with minor variations due to scheduling constraints. Dissolved oxygen was recorded using a 1 mm fiber optic microsensor positioned 1 cm from the uterine fundus under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome was intrauterine pO₂ (Torr) across the luteal phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two distinct intrauterine oxygenation profiles were identified. Four participants exhibited a \"peak\" pattern characterized by early luteal low pO₂ (< 15 Torr), followed by a sharp mid-luteal rise in pO₂ (40-45 Torr at LH + 4 to LH + 6, p < 0.0001), a short plateau, and a decline by LH + 8. One participant showed an earlier and abbreviated peak. The remaining four participants maintained pO₂ values < 35 Torr throughout the luteal phase (\"no-peak\" pattern). Post-hoc review of baseline screening data and follow-up participant interviews identified plausible physiological, pharmacological, or lifestyle-related factors that may influence endometrial vascular maturation in the no-peak subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first in vivo characterization of real-time intrauterine oxygen dynamics across the luteal phase in women. Intrauterine pO₂ profiling identified distinct temporal oxygenation patterns across the luteal phase and may reflect physiologically relevant changes in endometrial function. These preliminary findings support further evaluation of intrauterine oxygen profiling as a potential non-invasive, same-cycle functional biomarker of embryo-endometrium synchrony. Larger studies are required to validate its predictive value for implantation and live birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN85528745 (retrospectively registered on 30/01/2026).</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranking exercise interventions by their effectiveness in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Sijie Hu, Quan Shen, Ziyan Li, Tan He, Yao Luo, Ping Tu, Chunli Yan, Jun Lei","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01563-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01563-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial expression of concern: Resveratrol relieves gestational diabetes mellitus in mice through activating AMPK.","authors":"Liangqi Yao, Jipeng Wan, Hongyan Li, Jian Ding, Yanyun Wang, Xietong Wang, Mingjiang Li","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01560-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-026-01560-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eutopic echoes ectopic: organoid-based evidence of shared hormone dysregulation in endometriosis.","authors":"Juste Cioraityte, Lennard Schröder, Zeinesh Beimenbetova, Anna T Rückl, Susanne Beyer, Johanna Becker, Thomas Kolben, Sven Mahner, Mirjana Kessler, Simon Keckstein","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01559-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01559-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of interpregnancy interval after pregnancy loss on clinical pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Wanli Yang, Shasha Wang, Qianqian Zhu, Mingru Yin, Pengcheng Kong","doi":"10.1186/s12958-026-01556-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-026-01556-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}