Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Dendritic cells under the control of the preimplantation embryo secretome: an in vitro study.","authors":"Christiana Kyvelidou, Sofia Haselrieder, Maria von Gierke, Johanna M Gostner, Wolfgang Biasio, Barbara Wirleitner, Christine Heufler, Bettina Toth, Susanne Hofer-Tollinger","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01319-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01319-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the crosstalk between maternal immune cells and the developing embryo by investigating the immunogenic properties of human blastocyst spent media (SM) on dendritic cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective multicenter experimental study, human preimplantation embryo spent media were collected after blastocyst formation, grouped based on successful or unsuccessful implantation, and analyzed by protein array or used to stimulate monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC). The immunomodulatory properties of SM on moDC were investigated by analyzing changes in phenotype, cytokine secretion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, and ability to activate T cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A plethora of cytokines and growth factors secreted from preimplantation embryos was detected. Exposure to embryo SM altered the phenotype of moDC in a manner dependent on the implantation outcome. Specifically, SM from non-implanted embryos increased the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and activation markers on moDC. Furthermore, SM treated dendritic cells secreted low levels of cytokines and growth factors and were able to stimulate naïve T cells. Activation of IDO was decreased in moDC after stimulation with SM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings show that human preimplantation embryos secrete an abundance of molecules with the ability to significantly affect and even regulate immune cells in their environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of serum uric acid level on reproductive outcome in women without polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization.","authors":"Leizhen Xia, Lu Fan, Jialyu Huang, Yan Zhao, Lifeng Tian, Houyang Chen, Li Cai, Qiongfang Wu, Leixiang Xia","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01313-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01313-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research showed that elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) before in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment can lead to a lower rate of live birth and an increased risk for low birthweight. Nonetheless, it is not known whether elevated SUA results in similar reproductive outcome in women without PCOS. This study aimed to exploring the relationship between pre-pregnancy SUA levels and reproductive outcomes in non-PCOS women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, retrospective study included 13,325 women without PCOS undergoing their first IVF/ICSI fresh embryo transfer cycles from January 2014 to December 2022 at a university-affiliated reproductive medicine center in China. The trends for pregnancy, obstetric and perinatal outcomes across quartiles of SUA levels were assessed. A logistic regression analysis was applied to control for baseline and cycle characteristics. Generalized addition model was used to draw spline smoothing plot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant decreasing or increasing trend in the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate with the increase in quartiles of SUA levels. For Obstetric and perinatal outcomes following a single live birth, the percentage of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (1.6-4.1%, P_trend<0.001), gestational diabetes mellitus (5.9-13.9%, P_trend<0.001), premature rupture of membranes (0.6-1.5%, P_trend=0.016), preterm birth (6.3-9.2%, P_trend=0.009), macrosomia (2.3-5.5%, P_trend<0.001), large for gestational age (10.8-14.9%, P_trend=0.002) all increased significantly from the lowest quartile to the highest. Logistic regression results showed that compared with those in quartile 1, the risk of maternal and infant complications mentioned above was still significantly higher in quartile 4 after adjusting for reproductive related factors. When further confounding factors were added, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipids related indicators, only gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia showed a significant increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In women without PCOS, SUA levels before IVF/ICSI treatment do not affect the probabilities of clinical pregnancy and live birth. An elevated SUA level is associated with an increased risk for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, macrosomia, and large for gestational age. For gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia, the association is independent of BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of insulin resistance surrogate indices and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sayeh Jalali, Negar Zareshahi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Alireza Azarboo, Amirhossein Shirinezhad, Seyyed Yasin Hosseini, Amin Javidan, Amirhossein Ghaseminejad-Raeini","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01317-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01317-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been linked to insulin resistance (IR), with various surrogate indices being used to assess this association. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between IR indices and the incidence and severity of ED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus was carried out. Required data were extracted and meta-analyzed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the studies' risk of bias. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to explore heterogeneity and the impact of confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies with a total of 3810 patients with ED and 8252 without ED were included. Meta-analysis revealed that males with ED had significantly higher levels of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI [0.15, 1.03], I² = 82%, P < 0.01), Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI [0.31, 0.75], I² = 69%, P < 0.01), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI [0.25, 0.64], I² = 76%, P < 0.01) compared to those without ED. However, there was no significant correlation between a one-unit increase in HOMA-IR (OR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.03, 13.69], I² = 91%, P = 0.77) or TyG (OR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.02, 11.53], I² = 88%, P = 0.68) and the odds of ED. Additionally, a one-unit increase in VAI was associated with more severe ED (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI [0.03, 0.64], I² = 16%, P = 0.03). The diagnostic accuracy of these indices varied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate a significant connection between insulin resistance and erectile dysfunction, as shown by HOMA-IR, TyG, and VAI. Yet, their usefulness in predicting ED is restricted because of significant differences and inconsistencies in diagnostic precision. More research is required to determine the clinical importance of these indices in treating ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levonorgestrel at emergency contraception dose has no effect on ciliary beat frequency and muscular contraction of the human fallopian tube: an in vitro experimental study.","authors":"Raymond Hang Wun Li, Su-Bin Liao, William Shu Biu Yeung, Ernest Hung Yu Ng, Wai Sum O, Pak Chung Ho","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01315-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01315-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Levonorgestrel (LNG) acts as an emergency contraceptive mainly by inhibiting or postponing ovulation. We carried out this study to investigate whether LNG at concentration relevant for emergency contraception (EC) affect ciliary beat frequency and muscular contraction of the human Fallopian tube, which might contribute additional actions for EC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an in vitro experimental study on human Fallopian tube tissue collected from ten women undergoing hysterectomy. The tubal explants were cultured in vitro, primed with oestradiol and progesterone at concentrations resembling the physiological early luteal phase, and treated with LNG at 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml concentrations. Ciliary beat frequency was measured from the tubal epithelial strips, and the basal tone, amplitude and frequency of contractions were recorded from longitudinal smooth muscle strips. These parameters at different LNG concentrations were compared against the control (LNG 0 ng/ml).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment of tubal tissue strips with LNG at all concentrations studied did not significantly alter the ciliary beat frequency nor basal muscle tone (p > 0.05 for both) compared with control. Significant reduction in the amplitude and frequency of tubal muscular contractions was shown after treatment with LNG only at 100 ng/ml (p < 0.05 for both) but not lower concentrations (p > 0.05) compared with control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LNG did not significantly inhibit ciliary beat frequency and muscular contraction of the human Fallopian tube at the doses used for EC, suggesting that the Fallopian tube is unlikely a target for the EC action of LNG.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing in human oocytes with diminished ovarian reserve uncovers mitochondrial dysregulation and translation deficiency.","authors":"Xin Li, Xingwu Wu, Hui Zhang, Peipei Liu, Leizhen Xia, Nana Zhang, Lifeng Tian, Zengming Li, Jing Lu, Yan Zhao, Jun Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01321-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01321-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is clinically characterized by a decrease in the number of available ovarian follicles and a decline in the quality of oocytes, accompanied by hormonal changes. Low quality of DOR oocyte leads to impaired embryo development, an increased risk of aneuploid pregnancies and miscarriages. However, the specific pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, posing a significant challenge for assisted reproductive technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For the first time, our study employed single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the altered transcriptomic landscape of DOR oocytes at GV stage after ovarian stimulation. Differentially expressed genes analysis (DEGs), functional enrichment analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interactions network analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 132 up-regulated genes and 466 down-regulated genes in DOR oocytes, with the down-regulated genes primarily enriched in mitochondrial function and translation. Hub genes, identified through integrated analysis of WGCNA and DEGs, were further validated in DOR and control oocytes using RT-qPCR. By utilizing hub genes and employing transcription factor enrichment tools, it had been predicted that pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) played a crucial role as a transcriptional regulatory factor in DOR oocytes. Additionally, we conformed the PLAG1-IGF2 axis was dysregulated in DOR oocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transcriptome analysis revealed that DOR oocytes exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and translational defects, and the PLAG1-IGF2 axis might be a potential contributor for the low quality of DOR oocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related testosterone decline: mechanisms and intervention strategies.","authors":"Haoyang Cheng, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yongheng Li, Dezhong Cao, Chenglong Luo, Qi Zhang, Sizheng Zhang, Yongzheng Jiao","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01316-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01316-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary societies exhibit delayed reproductive age and increased life expectancy. While the male reproductive system demonstrates relatively delayed aging compared to that of females, increasing age substantially impacts its function. A characteristic manifestation is age-induced testosterone decline. Testosterone, a crucial male sex hormone, plays pivotal roles in spermatogenesis and sexual function, and contributes significantly to metabolism, psychology, and cardiovascular health. Aging exerts profound effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and Leydig cells, precipitating testosterone reduction, which adversely affects male health. Exogenous testosterone supplementation can partially ameliorate age-related testosterone deficiency; however, its long-term safety remains contentious. Preserving endogenous testosterone production capacity during the aging process warrants further investigation as a potential intervention strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between cardiometabolic index and female infertility: a cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Yiran Zhao, Weihui Shi, Yang Liu, Ningxin Qin, Hefeng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01312-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01312-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and adverse lipid profile leads to female infertility. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a promising indicator for predicting obesity-related diseases. The correlation between CMI and female infertility merits further investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this study were acquired from the 2013-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), with 2333 women enrolled. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) of each participant was calculated as the ratio of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol multiplied by waist-to-height ratio. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the independent correlation between the log-transformed CMI and infertility. Subgroup analyses were carried out to assess the reliability of the findings. Interaction tests were employed to determine whether variables affected infertility by interacting with log CMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2333 participants aged 18-45 years were enrolled, 274 of whom were infertile. Log CMI of the infertility group was significantly higher than that of the non-infertility group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, women with higher CMI were at an increased risk of infertility (OR = 2.411, 95% CI: 1.416-4.112), and this correlation was still consistent in subgroups aged under 35 years (P < 0.001). Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a positive non-linear relationship between log CMI and infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiometabolic index levels are positively correlated with increased risk of infertility in American females. Our study demonstrates the predictive capacity of CMI for female infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cordycepin improves hyperactivation and acrosome reaction through adenosine receptors during human sperm capacitation in vitro.","authors":"Lijun Shan, Linmei Gao, Yuhao Chai, Kun Li, Jianmin Yu, Fei Liang, Jiangfeng Qin, Ya Ni, Peibei Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01318-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01318-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sperm capacitation is a prerequisite for natural or in vitro fertilization. After capacitation, sperm become hyperactivated and undergo an acrosome reaction, which helps them penetrate the oocyte. Cordycepin, a bioactive compound first isolated from Cordyceps militaris, is an adenosine analog with numerous physiological activities. However, its effects on sperm capacitation remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of cordycepin on human sperm capacitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During in vitro capacitation culture, healthy human sperm were treated with cordycepin (20, 100, 500 µM). Sperm motility and hyperactivation were detected using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Sperm acrosome reaction was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin. Sperm protein kinase A (PKA) activity was analyzed using an ELISA kit. The levels of sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation were detected by western blotting. Sperm DNA damage was detected by a sperm chromatin dispersion assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the fluorescence probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The expression and localization of adenosine receptors were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The specific inhibitors of adenosine receptors were used to confirm their effects on cordycepin-induced sperm capacitation. Finally, molecular docking was performed to analyze the interaction between cordycepin and adenosine receptors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cordycepin improved hyperactivated sperm motility, acrosome reaction, PKA activity, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation while having no obvious effects on sperm ROS or DNA damage. Four adenosine receptor subtypes were expressed in human sperm, but their localizations differed. Inhibition of adenosine receptors significantly decreased cordycepin-induced sperm hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction. Molecular docking showed that cordycepin can bind to the four subtypes of adenosine receptors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cordycepin may promote human sperm capacitation through adenosine receptor-mediated signaling pathways. These findings may be useful for assisted reproductive technology and animal breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerning influences of micro/nano plastics on female reproductive health: focusing on cellular and molecular pathways from animal models to human studies.","authors":"Hasti Balali, Ali Morabbi, Mohammad Karimian","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01314-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01314-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The female reproductive system can face serious disorders and show reproductive abnormalities under the influence of environmental pollutants. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) as emerging pollutants, by affecting different components of this system, may make female fertility a serious challenge. Animal studies have demonstrated that exposure to these substances weakens the function of ovaries and causes a decrease in ovarian reserve capacity. Also, continuous exposure to micro/nano plastics (MNPs) leads to increased levels of reactive oxygen species, induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis of granulosa cells, and reduction of the number of ovarian follicles. Furthermore, by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, these particles disturb the normal levels of ovarian androgens and endocrine balance and delay the growth of gonads. Exposure to MNPs can accelerate carcinogenesis in the female reproductive system in humans and animal models. Animal studies have determined that these particles can accumulate in the placenta, causing metabolic changes, disrupting the development of the fetus, and endangering the health of future generations. In humans, the presence of micro/nanoplastics in placenta tissue, infant feces, and breast milk has been reported. These particles can directly affect the health of the mother and fetus, increasing the risk of premature birth and other pregnancy complications. This review aims to outline the hazardous effects of micro/nano plastics on female reproductive health and fetal growth and discuss the results of animal experiments and human research focusing on cellular and molecular pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of viral infection in implantation failure: direct and indirect effects.","authors":"Marzieh Rezaei, Mohsen Moghoofei","doi":"10.1186/s12958-024-01303-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-024-01303-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implantation is the key initial complex stage of pregnancy. Several factors are involved in implantation, but acute and controlled inflammation has been shown to play as a key role. On the other hand, the role of viral infections in directly infecting blastocyst and trophoblast and inducing chronic and uncontrolled inflammation and disrupting microRNAs expression can make this review strongly attractive and practical. We aim to provide an overview of viral infections as the potential etiology of unsuccessful implantation pathophysiology through alteration of the cellular and molecular endometrial microenvironment. Based on our search, this is the first review to discuss the role of inflammation associated with viral infection in implantation failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}