Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during IVF treatment on embryo morphokinetics and pregnancy outcomes after fresh transfer: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Jialyu Huang, Yuxin Liu, Leizhen Xia, Haisheng Wu, Houyang Chen, Zhihui Huang, Yajie Liao, Xinxia Wan, Hong Chen, Yan Zhao, Frauke von Versen-Höynck, Xingwu Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01355-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01355-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prior studies have assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 convalescence and subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, while the outcomes of couples infected during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) were limited and controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during COS on embryo morphokinetics and IVF clinical outcomes with the use of time-lapse monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 230 couples who underwent IVF cycles between April 2023 and April 2024 in an academic fertility center. Participants were divided into four groups based on the nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 during COS: both positive (n = 31), female positive (n = 64), male positive (n = 20), and both negative (n = 115). A time-lapse imaging system was used for embryo culture. Multivariate logistic regression and generalized linear models were performed to control for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the both negative group, the both positive group had a significantly lower cleavage rate (97.4 ± 7.7% vs. 93.6 ± 11.5%; β_adjusted = -0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.07- -0.01) and blastocyst formation rate (85.4 ± 18.9% vs. 73.0 ± 29.4%; β_adjusted = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.28- -0.03). Embryos derived from the both positive group also presented significantly longer time to form 5, 6, 7, and 8 cells (t5-t8), as well as time to start compaction (tSC), time to morulation (tM), time to start blastulation (tSB), time to blastocyst (tB), and time to expanding blastocyst (tEB). No adverse impacts were observed on oocyte- and embryo-related outcomes in female positive or male positive group. The four groups were also comparable in live birth rate and neonatal outcomes after fresh embryo transfer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection in both partners affects morphokinetic parameters of embryo development with decreased cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate, but does not influence pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after fresh embryo transfer. Our study implies that reproductive physicians should pay attention to infertile couples with SARS-CoV-2 infection during IVF treatment and should provide adequate counseling on their embryo and pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfing follicular waves in ovarian stimulation: is there a role for LH in DuoStim protocols? A narrative review and SWOT analysis.","authors":"Alberto Vaiarelli, Danilo Cimadomo, Maria Cerrillo, Filippo Maria Ubaldi, Juan Antonio García Velasco","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01360-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01360-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IVF treatments should be personalized to collect an appropriate number of oocytes, taking into account the woman's age and ovarian reserve, in order to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of the IVF process. From a scientific perspective, the 'continuous recruitment theory' suggests that several follicular waves are continuously recruited to grow and regress throughout one ovarian cycle. Clinically, this approach has paved the way for the theorization of a double stimulation protocol back-to-back in the same ovarian cycle (DuoStim) to rescue anovulatory waves. This protocol has been successfully adopted by several independent groups in the last decade to improve the number of oocytes in a short timeframe. Although the published data are promising for treating patients of advanced maternal age with reduced ovarian reserve and poor oocyte/embryo competence, the protocols adopted vary across studies. In this challenging population, choosing the appropriate protocol in the DuoStim context is critical to maximize the ovarian response and exploit the potential of individual follicular waves. In this regard, the administration of luteinizing hormone (LH) could be relevant to promote steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis, increase androgen production, improve pre-antral and antral follicle recruitment, and enhance the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors in the granulosa cells. This review presents a step-by-step outline of all DuoStim protocols and proposes a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis of LH administration in the context of DuoStim.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 Suppl 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacogenomic of LH and its receptor: are we ready for clinical practice?","authors":"Alessandro Conforti, Raffaella Di Girolamo, Maurizio Guida, Carlo Alviggi, Livio Casarini","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01359-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01359-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) is fundamental to support development and reproduction. It acts through a receptor expressed in the gonads, modulating mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, and steroidogenic signals. LH is also marketed as a drug for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), where it is administered to women to support the action of follicle-stimulating hormone and can lead to specific responses, depending on the individual genetic background. These concepts underline the relevance of a pharmacogenetic approach to COS, in the attempt to optimize clinical outcomes and avoid adverse events. However, knowledge is currently limited by the paucity of clinical studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of LH and its receptor activity, starting from the description of their molecular pathways from in vitro studies. Data on LH action from in vivo studies were described, as well as the impact of LH and LH/choriogonadotropin (hCG) receptor genetic variants on folliculogenesis and its association with infertility or polycystic ovarian syndrome. Finally, evidence from clinical studies evaluating genetic polymorphisms in the context of assisted reproductive technology treatments and its implications for a pharmacogenomic approach were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 Suppl 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient temperature and female infertility prevalence: an ecological study based on the 2019 global burden of disease study.","authors":"Jiahua Qian, Yuhe Si, Yihao Chen, Yushu Zhu, Jiayu Zhu, Chunbao Mo, Jianxiong Ma","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01365-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01365-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of climate change on human health is well established; however, its effect on the prevalence of female infertility is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between ambient temperature changes and the prevalence of female infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecological study, 174 countries and regions were included. We utilized 2000-2019 data on the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of female infertility and temperature data from Global Burden of Disease, ERA5 (fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis for the global climate), and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 databases. Temperature over 12 months was averaged to express the annual temperature estimates, and the deviance percentage of temperature (DPT) was calculated based on the 20-year average temperature. Three-node restricted cubic spline curves were used to evaluate the association between temperature and the ASPR of female infertility. Linear mixed-effects models, with country code as a random effect, were used to estimate the effect size (β) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for DPT and the ASPR of female infertility. Adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to predict the impact of future temperature changes (2020-2030) on the ASPR of female infertility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2000 and 2019, a U-shaped relationship was observed between temperature and the ASPR of female infertility, with the lowest ASPR occurring at 15 ℃. Increased DPT was associated with an increased ASPR of female infertility, with an adjusted β (95% CI) of 78.952 (10.514, 147.710). Future temperature increases will further elevate the ASPR of female infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Globally, temperature changes may be associated with an increase in the ASPR of female infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with follitropin delta results in higher cumulative live birth rates compared with follitropin alfa/beta in a large retrospectively analyzed real-world data set.","authors":"T K Eggersmann, M Schütt, J Becker, M Kimmel, H Aust, J Winkler, A Freis","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01364-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01364-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Follitropin delta (hrFSH) is the first recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone produced in a human cell line and more closely resembles native human FSH than follitropin alfa/beta (rFSH). Its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. However, to date, no real-world study has evaluated the reproductive outcomes associated with controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with hrFSH compared to rFSH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective analysis of real-world data prospectively collected by the German IVF Registry (D-I-R; Deutsches IVF-Register). Data from women undergoing COS in Germany between 2017 and 2022 were included, specifically from centers using both hrFSH and rFSH for COS (N = 74). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match groups to minimize potential confounders. Matching criteria included age, year of stimulation, stimulation protocol, reproductive procedure, treatment indication, preconditions, and patient sterility factors. Outcomes were number of oocytes retrieved, pregnancy rate (PR) and cumulative PR (followed up to 12/31/2022 and 12/31/2021, respectively), and LBR and cumulative LBR (followed up to 12/31/2021 and 12/31/2020, respectively).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before and after matching, the mean number of oocytes retrieved was similar between the two groups. Prior to matching, there was no statistically significant difference in PR or LBR per embryo transfer (ET) between women who received hrFSH or those who received rFSH (PR: 38.0% vs. 36.8%; p = 0.1090; LBR: 29.4% vs. 28.2%; p = 0.1103). When examining the cumulative pregnancy rates (PR) and live birth rates (LBR) for all fresh and frozen/thawed embryo transfers (FET) following the initial oocyte retrieval, notable differences emerged between the groups. The use of hrFSH was linked to higher percentages compared to rFSH, with cumulative PR at 68.0% versus 64.9% (p < 0.05) and cumulative LBR at 57.3% versus 51.9% (p < 0.01). After matching, the cumulative LBR remained significantly higher when hrFSH was used for ovarian stimulation compared to rFSH (57.4% vs. 50.7%; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected real-world data set, the higher cumulative LBR with hrFSH compared to rFSH supports the use of an individualized fertility treatment approach based on hrFSH.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of different LNG-IUS therapies in the management of adenomyosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Biyun Zhang, Jinghua Shi, Zhiyue Gu, Yushi Wu, Xiaoyan Li, Chenyu Zhang, Hailan Yan, Qiutong Li, Shiqing Lyu, Yi Dai, Jinhua Leng","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01349-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01349-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize evidence on the efficacy and safety of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in managing adenomyosis (AM), both as a monotherapy and in combination with other therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line: Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang from the inception to Aug 12, 2024 for articles using the LNG-IUS both alone and combined with other therapies in patients with AM. The primary outcome included dysmenorrhea, menstrual bleeding, uterine volume, endometrial thickness and quality of life. The secondary outcome was the assessment of adverse events. Data synthesis was conducted using random-effects model with significant heterogeneity (I² > 50%), otherwise using fixed-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final analysis included 28 studies. Compared with etonogestrel, LNG-IUS was more effective in reducing uterine volume and associated with a lower risk of weight gain, but showed no significant difference in reducing dysmenorrhea and endometrial thickness. Comparing LNG-IUS with mifepristone, there was no significant difference in terms of quality of life. The combination of LNG-IUS with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) was more effective than LNG-IUS alone, providing benefits in reducing dysmenorrhea (mean deviation, MD: -1.14), menstrual bleeding (MD: -11.94), uterine volume (MD: -30.39), endometrial thickness (MD: -0.89), and adverse events. The combination of LNG-IUS with surgical excision was more effective than surgical excision alone, providing benefits in reducing dysmenorrhea (MD: -1.49), menstrual bleeding (MD: -5.13) at 12 months, reducing uterine volume at 6 (MD: -9.23), 12 (MD: -16.53) and 24 (MD: -27.17) months. The combination of LNG-IUS with focused ultrasound ablation (FUA) was more effective than FUA alone, providing benefits in reducing dysmenorrhea (MD: -0.62), menstrual bleeding (MD: 0.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found no clear evidence to recommend single-drug therapy for improving pain and quality of life in AM management within 12 months. Combining LNG-IUS with GnRH-a is effective in alleviating pain, controlling heavy bleeding, reducing lesion volume, reducing the probability of expulsion and irregular bleeding. Postoperative LNG-IUS helps reduce long-term pain and bleeding. In combined FUA, LNG-IUS is effective for managing short-term pain and bleeding.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024578824.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of LH in follicle development: from physiology to new clinical implications.","authors":"Maria Longo, Francesca Liuzzi, Serena De Carlini, Antonio La Marca","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01353-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01353-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of follicle development is closely regulated by two pituitary gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Traditionally, folliculogenesis is considered to be divided into a gonadotropin-independent phase and a gonadotropin-dependent phase. Despite this, recent evidence has demonstrated that functional LH receptors are expressed even in smaller follicles during the phase considered to be gonadotropin independent. Luteinizing hormone promotes androgen synthesis within ovarian follicles and seems to significantly contribute to accelerate and enhance the transition from the primordial to the antral stage of folliculogenesis. Thus, LH could play a fundamental role in determining the number of recruitable antral follicles, with a direct impact on the cyclic recruitment of follicles and reproductive potential. Common clinical conditions of pituitary suppression such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, other than pregnancy and combined oral contraceptive use, have been considered to analyze the effect of lower serum LH levels on the functional ovarian reserve. This review outlines recent findings on the mechanisms of human follicle development, based on human and animal models, with a direct focus on possible new clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 Suppl 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone in programmed cycles for frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in patients with endometriosis.","authors":"Ziqi Jin, Guoxia Yang, Tianrui Wen, Benyu Miao, Chen Wang, Qingyan Zhang, Fang Gu, Yanwen Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01354-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01354-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that due to the presence of endometrium progesterone resistance in patients with endometriosis, it is considered that higher levels of progesterone may be required to achieve live birth during programmed frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Currently, the optimal progesterone support in FET cycles remains a contentious issue, and it mainly focused on the general infertile population, without specific attention to infertile patients with endometriosis. This study aimed to compare the pregnancy outcomes between vaginal or intramuscular progesterone administration in patients with endometriosis, and to determine whether the stage of endometriosis moderates the differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients with endometriosis who underwent their first single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in a programmed cycle from January 2018 to April 2024 at a university-affiliated reproductive medical center. According to the routes of luteal support, patients were divided into vaginal progesterone and intramuscular progesterone groups. Analyses were conducted using multivariate regression models and subgroup analysis. Interaction tests were employed to determine whether the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (r-ASRM) stages of endometriosis moderated the differences between the routes of progesterone administration and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 825 programmed frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles were included in the analysis, with 362 cases using vaginal progesterone and 463 cases using intramuscular progesterone. In the overall cohort, clinical pregnancy rate of the vaginal progesterone group was 49.17%, comparable to 44.06% of the intramuscular progesterone group (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61-1.11). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in miscarriage rates between the two groups (16.85% versus 24.51%; aOR 1.57, 95% CI 0.90-2.75). In the subgroup analysis in patients classified as r-ASRM stages I-II, clinical pregnancy rate of vaginal progesterone group was significantly higher than that of intramuscular group (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.93, P = 0.011). Whereas, in patients with stages III-IV, no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were detected. Interaction tests between the routes of progesterone administration and r-ASRM stages were significant (P = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the first single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles for endometriosis patients with r-ASRM stages I-II, vaginal progesterone favours a higher clinical pregnancy rate compared to the intramuscular progesterone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enucleated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells regulate immune microenvironment and promote testosterone production through efferocytosis.","authors":"Lu Sun, Jiayu Huang, Xuezi Wang, Peng Huang, Baolin Dong, Zehang Liang, Jiahong Wu, Jiancheng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01352-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01352-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Testosterone deficiency (TD) occurs most frequently in older men and can cause many health problems. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is widely used to treat TD, but this regimen can lead to a series of side effects. Stem cell therapy has been wildly studied in vitro. However, due to the multidirectional differentiation potential and heterogeneity of stem cells, it is difficult to achieve the good efficiency and reproducibility in basic research and clinical applications. This study aims to identify a new strategy for the treatment of TD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) were enucleated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The organelles and cellular functions of enucleated BMSCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized. For the animal studies, enucleated BMSCs were labelled with Mitotracker and injected into ethane dimethanesulfone (EDS)-treated rats. Testosterone production and spermatogenesis were detected at different time points through various tests. To determine the mechanism of efferocytosis, we analysed the number of macrophages by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The injection of enucleated BMSCs (Cargocytes) into the testes of EDS-treated rats restored the levels of serum testosterone, increased the number of Leydig cells (LCs), and improved spermatogenesis. We found that enucleated BMSCs underwent apoptosis earlier than BMSCs did. Subsequently, testicular interstitial macrophages phagocytosed apoptotic enucleated BMSCs through efferocytosis. Efferocytosis promoted macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, this study pioneered the application of stromal cell enucleation technology to repair tissue damage in the reproductive system, explored the potential of cell burial in the treatment of reproductive system diseases and provided a new approach for the clinical treatment of male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease risk prediction by Framingham risk score in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Mina Amiri, Maryam Mousavi, Mahsa Noroozzadeh, Fereidoun Azizi, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01346-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12958-025-01346-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the documented increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), no specific risk prediction tools are recommended for these patients. We aimed to assess the validity of the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) as a predictor of CVD risk in PCOS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a community-based prospective study, 4,435 women from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) cohort were analyzed. Among them, 215 women aged 30 years or older were diagnosed with PCOS. A Cox proportional hazards model applied to assess the relationship between the FRS and CVD event. Model accuracy was evaluated using the C-statistic, while discrimination and calibration were assessed via the ROC curve, area under the ROC curve (AUC) statistics, and the Hosmer- Lemeshow test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Cox proportional hazards (HRs) model revealed that the CVD risk increased by 38% for each one-unit increase in the FRS [HR: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.66)] in PCOS patients. The FRS had a C-statistic of 0.765, which indicated a satisfactory fit for CVD prediction in this population. The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.82, which demonstrated a good discrimination of the FRS. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the predicted probabilities of CVD were consistent with the observed CVD rates (p = 0.217), indicating a good calibration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a significant increase in CVD risk among PCOS patients. The FRS effectively predicts a 38% increment in CVD risk for every one-unit increase in the FRS. Our study further validated the FRS as a predictor of CVD risk in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21011,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}