Association between serum Vitamin D levels and sperm DNA fragmentation index in varicocele patients: a retrospective cohort study.

IF 4.7 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1186/s12958-025-01438-4

Tianhong Cai, Rong Zhang, Kai Chen, Jianfeng He, Tenghui Zhan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: While varicocele is a major cause of male infertility, the role of vitamin D in sperm DNA integrity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in varicocele patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital included 355 varicocele patients aged 18-45 years (June 2021-June 2024). The primary exposure was serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and the primary outcome was DFI. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between vitamin D and DFI, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and other confounders.

Results: A significant inverse association was found between vitamin D levels and DFI (β = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.19, P < 0.0001). Piecewise linear regression identified a threshold at 25.9 nmol/L, below which the inverse association was more pronounced (β = -1.0, 95% CI: -1.2 to -0.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with varicocele, particularly at levels below 25.9 nmol/l.

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精索静脉曲张患者血清维生素D水平与精子DNA断裂指数之间的关系：一项回顾性队列研究。

目的：虽然精索静脉曲张是男性不育的主要原因，但维生素D在精子DNA完整性中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨精索静脉曲张患者血清维生素D水平与精子DNA片段化指数（DFI）的关系。方法：在福建省妇幼保健院进行回顾性队列研究，纳入355例18-45岁的精索静脉曲张患者（2021年6月- 2024年6月）。主要暴露是血清25-羟基维生素D水平，主要结局是DFI。使用多元线性回归模型分析维生素D与DFI之间的关系，调整年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒和其他混杂因素。结果：维生素D水平与DFI呈显著负相关（β = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.28 ~ -0.19， P）。结论：精索静脉曲张患者血清维生素D水平与精子DNA断裂指数率显著相关，特别是在维生素D水平低于25.9 nmol/l时。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

2.30%

发文量

161

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology publishes and disseminates high-quality results from excellent research in the reproductive sciences. The journal publishes on topics covering gametogenesis, fertilization, early embryonic development, embryo-uterus interaction, reproductive development, pregnancy, uterine biology, endocrinology of reproduction, control of reproduction, reproductive immunology, neuroendocrinology, and veterinary and human reproductive medicine, including all vertebrate species.