Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Social media's impact on rape myth acceptance and negative affect: Moderating roles of political affiliation and gender?","authors":"Alejandra Lopez, Faith O Nomamiukor, Emily S Heinlein, Blair E Wisco","doi":"10.1037/tra0001861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Media portrayals of sexual violence have been associated with greater rape myth acceptance (RMA). The present study examined how social media posts rejecting or endorsing rape myths affected RMA and negative affect (NA), and moderating roles of gender and political affiliation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were randomized into one of three simulated Facebook newsfeed conditions that were supportive of sexual trauma survivors (#MeToo), supportive of men falsely accused of rape (#HimToo), or unrelated to sexual violence (control). Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule before and after the social media induction and the Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale following the induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant effects of condition on total RMA, <i>F</i>(2, 510) = 3.33, <i>p</i> = .037, and three of four RMA subscales, <i>F</i>s > 2.8, <i>p</i>s ≤ .05. Follow-up tests indicated that #MeToo did not significantly differ from control, but that #HimToo reported significantly higher RMA than control for total RMA, β = 4.45, <i>p</i> = .01, and the three significant subscales, βs > .08, <i>p</i>s ≤ .02. Further, NA significantly decreased for control and #MeToo, but not #HimToo. Effects of condition were not moderated by gender or political affiliation for either RMA or NA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that limited exposure to #MeToo posts does not affect RMA, but that #HimToo posts consistent with rape myths may increase RMA and sustain NA for both men and women and for Democrat- and Republican-identifying participants. Further research should focus on how best to counter these harmful social media effects and extend our findings to nonstudent diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It was frightening because it could be my own grandparents\": A qualitative study of vicarious exposure to anti-Asian racism.","authors":"Joyce P Yang, Rachel Chan, Aisha Williamson-Raun, Emily R Nhan, Elizabeth L Tung","doi":"10.1037/tra0001876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a proliferation of anti-Asian racism. In addition to being personal targets of racism, members of the Asian American community have also been vicariously exposed to repeated news and social media stories about anti-Asian racism. Emerging research suggests that vicarious exposure to racism during the pandemic is associated with decreased well-being, although mechanisms of action are not yet clear. The present study investigates participants' narratives about the effects of observing or hearing about anti-Asian discrimination.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 215 Asian-identified individuals living in the United States participated in the study between September 2020 and January 2021. Conventional qualitative content analysis was used to explore themes related to the self-described experience of witnessing or learning about instances of racism and the resulting psychological consequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We describe the <i>types of racism observed,</i> ranging from avoidance to murder, and <i>targets of racial discrimination,</i> ranging from family members to strangers. Emergent themes include (a) cognitive, behavioral, and emotional symptoms of race-based stress resulting from vicarious racism, (b) decreased sense of national identity and feeling \"othered,\" (c) normalization and invisibility of anti-Asian racism, (d) model minority myth as perpetuating racism, (e) decreased intergroup harmony, (f) increased intragroup connections, and (g) shattered or displaced worldview.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results underscore the complexity of experiences among Asian-identified individuals who were vicariously exposed to racism during the pandemic. We offer clinical implications for providers to gain a better understanding of the mental health needs of Asian American clients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying suicide risk in bereaved individuals.","authors":"Jeffrey M Pavlacic, Jamison S Bottomley, Joah L Williams, Alyssa A Rheingold","doi":"10.1037/tra0001870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Types of interpersonal loss through death, such as suicide bereavement, are associated with increased suicide risk. Quantification of suicide risk is less understood across the spectrum of traumatic (e.g., violent) and natural loss, representing a significant literature gap that could be addressed to inform the assessment of and intervention on suicide risk in bereaved adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A web panel of 2,034 adult participants was administered via Qualtrics to gather data on suicide risk across loss types in bereaved individuals. Loss groups included (a) anticipated medical causes, (b) sudden medical causes, (c) car crash, (d) suicide, (e) homicide, and (f) fatal overdose. We also included individuals reporting no significant loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with an anticipated medical loss reported the lowest suicide risk, with the highest risk reported by individuals experiencing suicide or homicide loss. Adjusting for perceived social support, individuals reporting an anticipated medical loss had lower suicide risk relative to suicide and homicide loss, while individuals with a sudden medical loss reported lower suicide risk than suicide loss. Individuals endorsing suicide loss described higher suicide risk than the no-loss group, and individuals in the homicide loss group reported higher suicide risk relative to the no-loss condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Suicide risk was most elevated in traumatic loss conditions, particularly homicide and suicide loss groups. Results inform assessment and intervention surrounding bereaved individuals and suggest that individuals experiencing specific types of traumatic loss (i.e., suicide and homicide loss) are at the highest suicide risk and therefore may warrant additional screening and clinical attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating risk factors of dissociative and complex posttraumatic stress disorder across diagnostic systems and potential implications: Latent class analyses.","authors":"Maj Hansen, Martin Robinson, Cherie Armour","doi":"10.1037/tra0001851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and more complex posttraumatic symptomatology (i.e., dissociative PTSD [D-PTSD] and complex PTSD [CPTSD]) are differently described in the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (5th ed.; <i>DSM-5</i>) and the <i>International Classification of Diseases</i> (11th ed.; <i>ICD-11</i>). Although the choice of system may affect diagnostic prevalence rates and treatment outcome, less is known about the more complex symptoms and their associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To investigate both D-PSTD and CPTSD in Northern Irish military veterans (<i>n</i> = 436) using latent class analysis and associated risk factors to gain a deeper understanding of the potential implications of applying one diagnostic system instead of the other.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The latent class analyses revealed a <i>DSM-5</i> four-class solution and an <i>ICD-11</i> five-class solution with both a highly symptomatic D-PTSD class (27.52%) and CPTSD class (27.9%) identified. Similar associations with risk factors were found across the diagnostic systems (e.g., medium to strong effect sizes for prior traumatic exposure, depression, anxiety, dissociation, and alcohol use).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both D-PTSD and CPTSD appear to be highly prevalent among Northern Irish veterans, and interestingly, similar effect sizes were found for the investigated risk factors for highly symptomatic groups across diagnostic systems. Research is needed to determine the generalizability of the results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of change in prolonged exposure for primary care: Who most likely benefits?","authors":"Sheila A M Rauch, H Myra Kim, Ron Acierno, Carly Ragin, Bethany Wangelin, Kimberly Blitch, Wendy Muzzy, Stephanie Hart, Grace Ingham","doi":"10.1037/tra0001827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prolonged Exposure for Primary Care (PE-PC) leverages an opportunity to provide evidence-based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) care in the PC setting where many veterans present for services and can greatly increase treatment access. However, such acute, short-term intervention may not be effective for all PTSD patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial evaluating PE-PC to determine who may or may not benefit from PE-PC. We identified both PTSD symptom and general functioning trajectories for veterans with chronic PTSD in Veterans Administration primary care settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For PTSD symptoms, four trajectory patterns emerged, and for functional impairment, three emerged. Demographics, treatment expectancy, and credibility did not predict PTSD symptom or functional impairment trajectories. While baseline depression severity and functioning were initially predictive, only baseline PTSD symptoms were predictive of PTSD symptom trajectories once this variable was considered. Similarly, while baseline depression and PTSD severity were initially predictive of functional trajectories, only baseline function was predictive of function trajectories once this variable was included.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PE-PC may be particularly appropriate and effective for veterans presenting to primary care with moderate PTSD symptoms or functional impairment. Replication and examination of trajectories in a larger effectiveness sample is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral injury in treatment-seeking police officers: A qualitative study.","authors":"Bernardette C E M Blom, F Jackie June Ter Heide, Eefje Rutten, Miranda Olff","doi":"10.1037/tra0001850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In their work, police officers are routinely exposed to potentially traumatic events, some of which may also be morally distressing. Moral injury refers to the multidimensional impact of exposure to such potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Mainly originating from a military context, there is little empirical research on moral injury in policing. The aim of this study was to gain insight into what PMIEs and moral injury in police officers entail.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a generic qualitative research approach inspired by grounded theory. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed police officers at a Dutch national center for psychotrauma. Participants were 11 men and two women with a diagnosis of profession-related posttraumatic stress disorder, who reported being troubled by exposure to a morally transgressive event.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings were categorized into three categories in terms of PMIEs and moral injury: (1) no high stakes PMIEs, (2) high stakes PMIEs but no moral injury, and (3) high stakes PMIEs and moral injury. Within the third category, three main themes and associated subthemes emerged: (1) a sense of responsibility in death, (2) the illusion of control, and (3) a duty to remember.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to explore high stakes PMIEs and moral injury in trauma-exposed, help-seeking police officers. Findings show that moral injury seems a relevant clinical concept in policing. PMIEs may change their fundamental self-perception and lead to deep feelings of guilt and shame. Directions for future research include examining police officers' treatment needs and perspectives on \"moral recovery.\" (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex/gender differences in the associations between adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence with mental disorders and attempted suicide: Variations by race/ethnicity.","authors":"Courtenay Cavanaugh, Jeniska Rivera, Reese Mabolis, Sarah Mireles","doi":"10.1037/tra0001840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study explored sex/gender differences in the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) with mental health problems (i.e., attempted suicide and mental disorders), including whether sex/gender differences varied by race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were used from participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions in the United States of America (Wave II: 2004-2005). Logistic regressions tested associations between ACEs (i.e., child abuse, child neglect, and child household dysfunction) and IPV or cumulative trauma with mental health problems along with sex/gender and race/ethnicity interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females who experienced child abuse or three to four cumulative traumas had greater odds of attempted suicide than males with the same experiences. Males who experienced IPV had greater odds of attempted suicide than females who experienced IPV. There were significant sex/gender differences in the associations between cumulative trauma and mental disorders (i.e., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, alcohol use disorder, and nicotine dependence), except posttraumatic stress disorder. For example, females with cumulative trauma had greater odds of substance use disorders. Many sex/gender differences in associations between ACEs and IPV or cumulative trauma with mental health problems varied by race/ethnicity. For example, child neglect was associated with greater odds of attempted suicide for non-Hispanic Black males (adjusted odds ratio [A<i>OR</i>] = 3.53 vs. A<i>OR</i> = 1.29 for females), whereas no sex/gender differences in this association were revealed for non-Hispanic White or Hispanic adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings show sex/gender differences in associations between trauma and mental health problems that vary by race/ethnicity and warrant further study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study on transgenerational trauma in emerging adults.","authors":"Marlena M Salters, Lisa P Armistead, Christopher C Henrich","doi":"10.1037/tra0001852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the potential impact on brain development and social issues related to trauma, better understanding and attending to transgenerational trauma (TT) are necessary. Typically, specific groups are examined when studying TT, which limits research on universal aspects. The present study presents qualitative data from a college sample of emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 23. This study was performed to identify potential indicators of TT.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Family Impact Study Questionnaire was initially constructed after a literature review and revised after cognitive interviews from a college sample of 11 emerging adults. Fifty-six ethnically diverse participants completed the Family Impact Study Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings suggest 10 indicators related to TT. Six indicators, dangerous place, overprotection, parental role reversal, neglect, perceived parental burden, and resilience are consistent with current findings in the literature. Four indicators, no knowledge, no effect, concerns about transference of parental issues, parental behavior as a model, and importance of exposure expand on current findings in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research suggests that further development of the Family Impact Study Questionnaire into a mixed methods TT measure would help to advance knowledge of the TT construct. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged grief disorder symptoms and posttraumatic growth among Chinese shidu parents: A latent transition analysis.","authors":"Xin Xu, Jun Wen, Ningning Zhou, Xinyan Zou, Xinlan Shen, Jianping Wang, Kirsten V Smith","doi":"10.1037/tra0001855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chinese shidu parents (bereaved parents who have lost the only child) may experience prolonged grief disorder, as well as posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study aimed to examine their latent classes and transition patterns of prolonged grief disorder symptoms and PTG.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Based on a longitudinal design, 265 shidu parents completed the Prolonged Grief Scale-Revised and Short Form of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Chinese Shidu Parents twice with an interval of about 5 months. Latent class analysis and latent transition analysis were performed to identify subgroups and their transition possibilities over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four latent classes that changed over time were identified: a \"growth\" class, a \"combined grief and growth\" class, a \"low grief\" class, and a \"high grief\" class. From Time 1 to Time 2, the proportion of the growth class and the low grief class increased. Shidu parents in the growth class or combined class had about a 36% probability of moving to low grief class. Compared with individuals in the high grief class (8.5%), members in the low grief class (20.4%) had a higher probability of moving to the growth class. Moreover, 29.0% of shidu parents suffered from persistent grief.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjustment to child loss displayed substantial variations between individuals. PTG reported by shidu parents can be both stable and temporary. About 30% of shidu parents suffered from persistent and severe grief, and designing grief-focused treatment may be beneficial for them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic resilience and growth: A network analysis of character strengths among sexual assault survivors.","authors":"Shaina A Kumar, Dawne Vogt, Alexandria N Miller, Karen S Mitchell, Rebecca L Brock, David DiLillo","doi":"10.1037/tra0001857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Defined as dispositional qualities that elevate well-being, character strengths such as love and kindness can be developed and enhanced to improve quality of life. Yet, little is known how specific strengths are associated with posttrauma mental health. The present study explored their concurrent associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of 405 women sexual assault survivors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We applied network analysis to investigate the structure of character strengths, PTSS, and PTG, as well as to identify character strengths most strongly associated with lower PTSS and greater PTG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that the strengths of love and forgiveness were most strongly linked to lower PTSS, whereas spirituality and kindness were most strongly linked to greater PTG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight character strengths that may be most important to cultivate in trauma-focused care for survivors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}