Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"A direct comparison of the impact of experienced discrimination versus conventional potentially traumatic events.","authors":"Adriel Boals, Elizabeth L Griffith, Kiet Huynh, Ruth L King, Jonathan Cajas","doi":"10.1037/tra0001967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Experiences of discrimination have been shown to negatively impact mental health. These experiences include, but are not limited to, discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, age, and socioeconomic status. Because experienced discrimination (ED) has been shown to produce similar negative downstream impacts (i.e., elevated posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms, depression, stress, and anxiety) as more conventional potentially traumatic events (CPTEs; e.g., sexual assault, natural disaster, car accidents), researchers have argued that discrimination events should be considered as qualifying for Criterion A for PTSD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current preregistered study directly compared the psychological impact of ED versus CPTEs. Using a within-subjects design, we asked a sample of 154 college students who reported ED to indicate their type of ED and their most distressing CPTE. Participants then completed measures of PTSD symptoms, perceived posttraumatic growth, and perceived posttraumatic depreciation in response to both their ED and their CPTE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that, when compared with CPTEs, ED was associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms and higher levels of both perceived posttraumatic growth and perceived posttraumatic depreciation. Further, PTSD symptoms from ED evidenced a nonsignificant trend of predicting general mental health outcomes above and beyond the variance explained by PTSD symptoms from CPTEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We argue that discrimination events are underrepresented in trauma research and should be included when considering common types of potentially traumatic events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking resilience in the face of user aggression: Preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Italian Trauma-related Coping Self-Efficacy Scale among hospital health care professionals.","authors":"Valentina Sommovigo, Elena Cavallari, Ilaria Setti","doi":"10.1037/tra0001976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aggression toward health care workers is a growing global concern, contributing to psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Trauma-related coping self-efficacy (CSE) is critical in mitigating such effects and promoting psychological resilience after traumatic events. However, Italian health care settings lack a validated tool to measure CSE. This study aimed to preliminarily validate an Italian version of the Trauma-Related CSE Scale, adapted to measure health care workers' responses to verbal and physical aggression from patients or clients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved 1,999 health care professionals who faced verbal aggression (92.6%) or physical aggression (7.4%) from patients or clients. The sample was primarily consisting of female nurses, with an average age of 46.95 years and a mean job tenure of 20 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: one for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; <i>n</i> = 996) and another for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; <i>n</i> = 1,003). The scale's factorial structure was evaluated through EFA and CFA, with additional analyses for reliability, measurement invariance, and both nomological and concurrent validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EFA supported a unidimensional six-item structure, which was confirmed by CFA and demonstrated strong reliability. Full residual invariance was observed across health care professionals aged below and above 50 years. Higher CSE was negatively correlated with burnout and posttraumatic stress symptoms while positively associated with job satisfaction and emotional regulatory self-efficacy. Nurses reported lower CSE than doctors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers a context-specific tool for assessing CSE in hospital health care settings, which can aid organizations in implementing practices to strengthen workers' resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Australian parents of autistic children: Factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PCL-5).","authors":"Kylie Hinde, Gert Martin Hald, David Hallford, John Gilmour, Mikkel Arendt, Silvia Pavan, David Austin","doi":"10.1037/tra0001959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research indicates that parents of autistic children may have a higher risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than parents of neurotypical children. This study was to determine the optimal factor structure of two trauma screening assessments: the PTSD Checklist for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5)</i> and the International Trauma Questionnaire, within this parent population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis examined and compared one novel <i>DSM-5</i> model and 14 previously identified <i>DSM-5</i> and <i>International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11)</i> trauma symptom models among Australian parents of autistic children (<i>N</i> = 563).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three <i>DSM-5</i> PTSD models (anhedonia, hybrid, and intrusion/distress) provided a marginal fit, with the novel intrusion/distress model offering a superior fit. None of the five <i>DSM-5</i> models tested achieved a good overall fit. For <i>ICD-11</i>, a three-factor model best fit the latent structure of PTSD symptoms. For complex PTSD (CPTSD), a two-factor second-order model and a six-factor first-order model provided a superior fit over five alternative CPTSD models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results strongly support the internal reliability and construct validity of the <i>ICD-11</i> PTSD and CPTSD models in Australian parents of autistic children, as measured by the International Trauma Questionnaire. The <i>ICD-11</i> models outperformed the best <i>DSM-5</i> models, highlighting their superiority for this population. While more complex <i>DSM-5</i> models showed better fit than simpler ones, they still did not achieve a good overall fit. Notably, the results were largely consistent when assessing individuals meeting Criterion A for PTSD, specifically in relation to parenting-related traumatic experiences. The International Trauma Questionnaire is a more reliable and suitable tool for assessing PTSD and CPTSD in Australian parents of autistic children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory patterns of personal growth in the transition to motherhood: The role of fertility treatments and emotional regulation.","authors":"Meital Navon-Eyal, Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari","doi":"10.1037/tra0001972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The transition to motherhood carries the potential for experiencing mental distress alongside positive mental changes such as personal growth. This study sought to expand the scarce knowledge regarding the trajectories of personal growth in the transition to motherhood and to identify multiple patterns of growth and their predictors, such as undergoing fertility treatments, emotion regulation abilities, and background variables.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four hundred three pregnant nulliparous women were recruited through social media and completed self-report questionnaires in three phases: during the second half of their pregnancy, 3 months after the birth of their first child, and 6 months after childbirth. Latent class growth analyses and growth mixture modeling were used to identify latent subgroups of the trajectory of growth. Stepwise multinomial regression models were used to identify significant predictors of personal growth trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three trajectories that reflect an increase in personal growth with different starting points and slopes, and one trajectory with a quadratic effect. Age, economic status, physical health, undergoing fertility treatments, impulse control, and emotion regulation strategies differentiated between the different growth patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study expands the knowledge regarding the heterogeneity of personal growth trajectories in the transition to motherhood and suggests that certain characteristics may predict the chances of developing in certain pathways rather than in others. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When fears come true: The well-being of Holocaust survivors' grandchildren after the October 7, 2023, terror attack.","authors":"Alon Goldberg","doi":"10.1037/tra0001975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since the late 1960s, there has been substantial research on Holocaust survivors' descendants (children and grandchildren) regarding intergenerational transmission of the survivors' trauma. This research has had complex results that show the need for further examination under stressful conditions. The current research seeks to determine whether the terror attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, had a disproportionate effect on the well-being of grandchildren of Holocaust survivors (GHS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 299 Jewish-Israeli adults, 44.6% of whom were GHS and 54.4% of whom had no Holocaust family background (non-GHS). Participants completed self-report questionnaires in two phases. First, they completed the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Then they were asked to listen to a certain Israeli song that had become a prayer and hope for the hostages coming back home and to fill out the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GHS participants reported lower psychological and social well-being and lower positive affect during exposure to the song than non-GHS participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings suggest that the Holocaust trauma experienced by survivors might transfer to their grandchildren, especially when the grandchildren are challenged by life-threatening situations that are reminiscent of their grandparents' Holocaust trauma and that might activate that trauma. Hence, appropriate health policy decisions need to be made regarding better psychological support for grandchildren of Holocaust survivors during perceived and actual collective life-threatening events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminative thinking styles differentially relate to posttraumatic stress versus growth following trauma exposure.","authors":"Laura Mertens, Gerly Tamm, Kristof Hoorelbeke","doi":"10.1037/tra0001969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of 3.9%. Recent findings suggest that ruminative thinking may play a crucial role in PTSD symptom development. Posttraumatic growth-positive psychological change following adversity-has also been linked to forms of rumination. The goal of this study was to examine the unique interrelations among different ruminative thinking styles, metacognitive beliefs, effortful control, and posttraumatic outcomes through network analysis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional data were collected from two population-representative samples via Academic Prolific, consisting of individuals meeting Criterion A for PTSD (Study 1: <i>N</i> = 361; Study 2: <i>N</i> = 354). Variables included intrusive, deliberate, depressive rumination, positive and negative metacognitive beliefs, need for control, effortful control, posttraumatic growth, and symptom severity. Network analysis was used to model the interrelations among these variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The models suggest a central role of depressive rumination, deliberate rumination, and negative beliefs about rumination. The relationship between deliberate rumination and posttraumatic growth was the strongest included in the model. Effortful control was negatively associated with depressive rumination, which could serve as a protective factor. Last, metacognitions also seemed to play an important role, particularly negative beliefs about rumination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different ruminative thinking styles were uniquely linked to PTSD symptomatology. Whereas each style of rumination was linked to increased PTSD symptom severity, deliberate rumination also showed strong associations with posttraumatic growth, suggesting the more adaptive nature of this thinking style. The obtained models elucidate the complex mechanism behind the development of PTSD, and growth, providing insights for future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic growth: Examining the mediating roles of social support and coping style in patients with lung cancer.","authors":"Haojie Yin, Yan Zhu, Limei Tan, Qing Yang","doi":"10.1037/tra0001962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous studies have shown that childhood adversity and posttraumatic growth are interrelated. However, little is known about this association and how it is influenced by social support and coping style in lung cancer patients. To explore the relationship between childhood adversity and the posttraumatic growth of lung cancer patients and the possible mediating roles of social support and coping style in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the cross-sectional study, 328 lung cancer patients anonymously completed questionnaires about childhood adversity, social support, coping style, and posttraumatic growth. Pearson's correlation was used to test the links between variables and to verify the indirect effects between variables by constructing a structural equation model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood adversity was negatively correlated with posttraumatic growth (<i>r</i> = -0.16, <i>p</i> < .01), social support (<i>r</i> = -0.32, <i>p</i> < .001), and confrontational coping (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> < .001). Social support (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> < .001)and confrontational coping style (<i>r</i> = 0.48, p < .001) were positively correlated with posttraumatic growth. In addition, social support and confrontational coping mediated the relationship between childhood adversity and posttraumatic growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that childhood adversity in lung cancer patients is significantly associated with low levels of posttraumatic growth and that social support and confrontational coping play crucial roles in this relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of racism and race-based traumatic stress symptoms among people of Chinese heritage in Canada: The moderating role of resilience.","authors":"Zixin Guo, Ling Jin","doi":"10.1037/tra0001966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Experiences of racism have been linked to increased race-based traumatic stress symptoms. However, studies in this area have not focused solely on Chinese individuals in North America, such as those in the United States and Canada. Furthermore, little is known about protective factors that may buffer the adverse impact of racism on race-based traumatic stress symptoms. Addressing these limitations, this study examined (a) the relationship between racism and race-based traumatic stress symptoms and (b) the protective role of both individual and collective resilience in the association between racism and race-based traumatic stress symptoms among people of Chinese heritage in Canada.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A community sample of 367 Chinese heritage in Canada (<i>M</i>_age = 33.9; 46.59% women) completed self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderation analyses using SPSS PROCESS Model 1 showed that greater experiences of racism were significantly associated with increased race-based traumatic stress symptoms. Collective resilience, but not individual resilience, buffered the adverse effects of racism on race-based traumatic stress symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study enhances the understanding of race-based traumatic stress among Chinese individuals and highlights the need to foster collective resilience and community-based support systems for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer receipt for Veterans Affairs patients with PTSD: A national investigation.","authors":"Peter P Grau, Paul N Pfeiffer, Karen Austin, Kevin G Saulnier, Nicholas W Bowersox","doi":"10.1037/tra0001954","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Treatment guidelines recommend only a few medications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is substantial guideline-nonconcordant treatment for individuals with PTSD, including antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, which have potentially serious adverse side effects. As part of health system monitoring, we examined patient and clinical factors that may be associated with prescribing these medications among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients diagnosed with PTSD and without diagnosed comorbid bipolar or psychotic disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study cohort included all VHA patients with PTSD diagnoses in fiscal year 2019 who did not have comorbid diagnoses of schizophrenia, psychotic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder with psychotic features in fiscal year 2019 or the prior two fiscal years (<i>N</i> = 122,292). Logistic regressions assessed demographic (e.g., age, race) and clinical (e.g., psychiatric diagnosis, health care engagement) factors associated with antipsychotic and mood stabilizer prescription receipt.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>11.9% of the cohort received an antipsychotic, the strongest predictors of which were the presence of a suicide risk flag (adjusted odds ratio [a<i>OR</i>] = 1.57) and benzodiazepine prescription (a<i>OR</i> = 1.79). 12.4% of the cohort received a mood stabilizer, the strongest predictors of which were a service-connected disability above 70% (a<i>OR</i> = 1.56) and a comorbid personality disorder diagnosis (a<i>OR</i> = 1.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VHA patients with PTSD who have psychiatric comorbidity and receive multiple psychiatric medications were more likely to receive guideline-nonconcordant mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Additional work is needed to better understand the impact of these prescribing practices to help providers balance the risks and benefits of these medication combinations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of posttraumatic stress in military peacekeepers: A longitudinal analysis over 23 years.","authors":"Christer Lunde Gjerstad, Hans Jakob Bøe, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Jon Gerhard Reichelt, June Ullevoldsæter Lystad","doi":"10.1037/tra0001913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated trajectories of posttraumatic stress in Norwegian peacekeepers over a 23-year period, focusing on the prevalence and characteristics of late-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where symptoms develop or intensify long after deployment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed PTSD symptoms in 463 Norwegian peacekeepers who had deployed to Lebanon as part of the UN peacekeeping mission, UN Interim Force in Lebanon. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale-10 at two time points: a median of 7 years (T1) and 29 years (T2) postdeployment. Late-onset PTSD was defined as cases in which peacekeepers did not meet criteria for PTSD at T1 but met the criteria by T2. We used logistic regression to identify predictors of late-onset PTSD, including deployment and postdeployment factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Estimated PTSD prevalence increased from 2.8% at T1 to 8.9% at T2, with 8.0% (95% confidence interval [5.5, 10.5]) showing a late-onset trajectory. At T1, those on a late-onset path reported more symptoms than their resilient counterparts. By T2, late-onset cases constituted 90.2% of all PTSD cases. Key predictors of late-onset PTSD included causal attribution of mental health issues to service, <i>OR</i> = 3.03, <i>p</i> < .001; number of deployments, <i>OR</i> = 1.56, <i>p</i> = .039; and postdeployment stressors, <i>OR</i> = 1.30, <i>p</i> = .049.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a significant rise in estimated PTSD prevalence among military peacekeepers over two decades, with causal attribution emerging as the strongest predictor of a late-onset trajectory. Interventions aimed at addressing these attributions could be important in mitigating long-term PTSD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}