Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"The role of social workers in building resilience after climate change-related disasters in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Maurice Kwembeya, Noah Ariel Mutongoreni, Leonah Kwembeya","doi":"10.1037/tra0002054","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study's major objective was to explore the role of social workers in building resilience after climate change-related disasters in Zimbabwe.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study used the descriptive qualitative design, which allowed participants to verbalize the felt distress. Purposive sampling technique was used, and the sample size of 14 participants was determined by the saturation level which occurred when responses were continuously repeated. Semistructured interview questions and focus group guides were used to collect data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the loss of lives, property, and infrastructure elicited terrible emotions, memories, and resentment among the survivors. Social workers play a critical role in mobilizing resources and making referrals in the best interest of the clients. The study found that participating in cultural aligned festivals allowed community members to appreciate the beauty of life and dispel the experienced traumatic and depressive episodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survivors, particularly the vulnerable groups such as the children, the elderly, and the disabled, were left in a state of despair and mentally disoriented. Participating in cultural festivals allowed community members to appreciate the beauty of life and dispel the depressive episodes. Social support and connectedness gave the survivors a sense of safety, belonging optimism, and encouragement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1287-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring secondary traumatic stress in therapists: A systematic review.","authors":"Aleksandra Paksina, Susannah Jenner, Aimee McKinnon","doi":"10.1037/tra0002080","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Secondary traumatic stress (STS) can have significant deleterious effects on clinicians' personal and professional lives and hinder the quality of care they deliver. However, the STS research is currently limited by methodological inconsistencies in both how it is measured and the populations studied, making it difficult to draw comprehensive conclusions. This review's purpose is to provide an updated overview of how the concept of STS has been measured specifically in therapy-offering clinicians and offer recommendations for future research and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five databases (APA PsycInfo, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for quantitative, peer-reviewed studies on STS in mental health clinicians published in English up to December 2024. A descriptive metasynthesis summarized means, standard deviations, and score ranges of commonly used measures. A reliability generalization analysis was conducted using extracted internal consistency coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 49 studies met the inclusion criteria, and seven different instruments used to measure STS were identified. The most popular measures were the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Stamm, 2010) and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (Bride et al., 2004), which assess STS from different perspectives. The reliability generalization analysis suggested acceptable and excellent internal consistencies for these measures, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At present, no single measure is available to capture the entire domain of STS. It is recommended that the choice for the most appropriate outcome measure is guided by the desired emphasis on STS symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1153-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters and intimate partner violence use.","authors":"Casey T Taft, Madeline Smethurst","doi":"10.1037/tra0001865","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have consistently been linked with risk for engaging in aggressive behavior. When PTSD symptom clusters have been examined separately, those reflecting heightened \"hyperarousal\" symptoms exhibit the strongest relationships with aggression, though this work has been conducted mostly with outdated measures of PTSD. The present study examined associations between PTSD symptom clusters based on a more contemporary PTSD measure and the use of intimate partner violence (IPV).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included 247 men and women court-mandated to receive IPV intervention. It was expected that PTSD symptom clusters reflecting Criterion D and Criterion E symptoms would evidence the strongest bivariate and unique associations with IPV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings were generally consistent with hypotheses such that these two symptom clusters were the strongest bivariate correlates of both IPV outcomes. Only Criterion D symptoms were uniquely associated with physical IPV, and only Criterion E symptoms were uniquely associated with psychological IPV in regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study results enhance our understanding of the complex relationship between PTSD and IPV based on current conceptualizations of these constructs, highlighting the salience of heightened physiological arousal/reactivity and perceptions of threat, as well as symptoms reflecting negative affect and negative thoughts/assumptions about oneself and the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1346-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral injury in health workers, emergency services, police, government officials, and teachers: Measurement invariance of the Occupational Moral Injury Scale (OMIS) and group comparisons.","authors":"Victoria Thomas, Boris Bizumic","doi":"10.1037/tra0002001","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Occupational Moral Injury Scale (OMIS) was designed to capture both morally injurious events and a general factor of moral injury symptoms in any occupational setting beyond the military. Although the initial development and refinement of the OMIS demonstrated excellent results, it was undertaken on a combined sample of high-risk occupations. Further research is required to establish the OMIS as a measurement invariant instrument separately in specific occupations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study ran bifactor multigroup confirmatory factor analyses on a sample of 1,431 participants from five separate, high-risk occupational groups (health workers, emergency services, police, government officials, and teachers) before making direct mean comparisons between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the OMIS across all occupational groups tested, as well as between men and women-indicating that items hold generally the same meaning across these groups and that their scores can be appropriately compared. The OMIS was also able to distinguish between occupational groups, according to mean score comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results validate the OMIS for use across occupational groups and genders, facilitating further research in this space and permitting direct comparisons between diverse occupational groups for the first time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1224-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of and experiences with trauma-informed care principles among pediatric occupational therapists.","authors":"Crystal Barchacky, Daniel Martin","doi":"10.1037/tra0002100","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trauma has a profound and lasting impact on individuals. Trauma prevalence continues to rise nationally, yet few health care providers are trained to intervene and address trauma appropriately. Occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) have a unique role in addressing trauma due to our profession's ability to intervene across the lifespan. This study investigated the education and training OTPs received in trauma-informed care (TIC) practices and their perceptions and confidence levels in utilizing these approaches in practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three hundred twenty-one participants were recruited online using convenience, purposeful, and snowball sampling methods. Participants completed an anonymous 14-question online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study indicated that over half the participants (51%) felt only moderately confident in applying TIC methods. A substantial percentage (46%) did not learn these practices during their occupational therapy education. For those who did, the training was typically limited to a single chapter or unit, suggesting a need for more in-depth curriculum integration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the critical need for TIC education and training early in OTPs' careers. While therapists recognize the importance of TIC approaches in their practice, they require additional education and support to integrate these approaches confidently. Addressing this gap through comprehensive TIC education in occupational therapy training programs is essential to enhancing the capacity of OTPs to provide TIC effectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145763646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Holding the badness\": Therapists' experiences of treating incestuous abuse continuing into adulthood.","authors":"Kate McMaugh, Louise Roufeil, Michael Salter, Warwick Middleton","doi":"10.1037/tra0001740","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the experience of therapists whose clients report incestuous abuse continuing into adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ten Australian therapist-participants were recruited through professional forums. After giving informed consent, they completed a semistructured interview. Therapists were asked about their experiences of providing therapy to people who disclosed incestuous abuse that continued into adulthood and their experiences of training, peer support, and supervision in relation to these cases. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, labeled with a pseudonym, and deidentified. The transcripts were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis (TA) following the guidelines of Braun and Clarke (2006, 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that three overarching themes described the therapeutic experience and response to this client group: (1) the therapist's emotional distress, vicarious traumatization, and moral injury at the extent of abuse and suffering disclosed by the client; (2) the need to adjust therapeutic goals and their reactions to this; and (3) feelings of professional isolation and a lack of support within mainstream services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study describes therapeutic experience of a sample of practitioners and concludes that this work is distressing and demanding, requiring therapists to find their own coping methods, training, and supervision. The study points to needs for changes in practitioner training, service delivery, and policy to enable more holistic care of clients reporting complex ongoing abuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1162-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions for professional trauma caregivers: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Ana-Maria Chira, Cătălin Nedelcea, Manuela-Nicoleta Nicolaie","doi":"10.1037/tra0001733","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate which are the most efficient psychological and physical interventions for professional caregivers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was realized using information extracted from 28 randomized controlled trials, totaling 2,168 participants, with mean ages between 22.88 and 48.54, of which 64.7% were females. The records were identified in relevant international databases of scientific articles, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane, and dissertation databases ProQuest Dissertations, DART-Europe E-theses Portal, and EThOS, for gray literature. The targeted population was represented by professional trauma caregivers, a group consisting of medical personnel, psychologists, and social workers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 28 trials included, 16 studies were performed on medical personnel, four on mental health personnel, two on social workers, and six on mixed groups. The statistical analysis revealed a main effect size of <i>g</i> = 0.541, 95% CI [0.383, 0.700], <i>p</i> < .001, which indicates an overall medium effect of the interventions. Effect sizes were compared and analyzed based on continuous and categorical moderators, which did not prove significant except for the female percentage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings support that all interventions are adequate and outperform control groups. Based on the literature review that was made before the onset of this meta-analysis, there seems to be no other study realized in such an exhaustive format. The implications predominantly target practitioners in how to approach professional trauma caregivers who seek treatment. Future research should further investigate this population as a whole and consider including culture as a moderator. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1194-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative exposure group therapy for posttraumatic stress symptoms among a small group of internally displaced women in Ethiopia: An uncontrolled pre-postintervention study.","authors":"Waganesh A Zeleke, Tewodros Hailu, Mekides Melesse Mekonen, Yemataw Wondie Yehualashet","doi":"10.1037/tra0001993","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The number of internally displaced children and women in Ethiopia has increased over the past 5 years following the ethnic conflict exacerbated by the North Ethiopian War, reaching its apex in 2021. Women and girls experience various traumatic conditions before, during, and after internal displacement. Recent scholarly attention has focused on the traumatic experiences of internally displaced women and girls; however, substantial knowledge gaps persist concerning the accessibility, relevance, and availability of mental health interventions for this population. Narrative exposure therapy is an evidence-based group-based intervention to address trauma in refugee or community settings. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a six-session narrative exposure therapy group intervention in reducing posttrauma stress symptoms among internally displaced women with posttraumatic stress disorder in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A single-armed pre-post design was used with 12 women enrolled and nine completing the full intervention. Quantitative outcomes were assessed using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-5 posttraumatic stress disorder subscale, and qualitative data were collected via focus group and analyzed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms and related cognitive, emotional, physiological, behavioral, and relational challenges. The intervention also enhanced social support and coping. However, due to the uncontrolled design and small sample, findings should be interpreted cautiously.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This feasibility study provides preliminary support for narrative exposure therapy as a promising intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among displaced women in Ethiopia. Further controlled trials are needed to evaluate efficacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1277-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2SLGBTQ+ competent trauma-informed care: A mixed methods evaluation of an intervention to enhance the capacity of multidisciplinary service providers.","authors":"Michelle W Tam, Olivia Taylor, Zafiro Andrade-Romo, Jennifer M Goldberg, Merrick D Pilling, Lori E Ross","doi":"10.1037/tra0002062","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given that two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) people are more likely experience trauma and gender-based violence in their lifetimes compared with heterosexual and/or cisgender peers, it is important that service providers addressing violence and/or trauma be 2SLGBTQ+ culturally competent to support 2SLGBTQ+ communities and avoid retraumatization. To address this need, we developed and implemented a novel 2SLGBTQ+ competent trauma-informed care (TIC) intervention across Ontario, Canada. This article evaluates the intervention based on learning outcomes, professional relevance, changes in knowledge and comfort, and impacts on individual and organizational practices.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used mixed methods to assess the acceptability and impact of the intervention on multidisciplinary service providers. The intervention was evaluated with principles of the Kirkpatrick model. Pre- to postsurveys were used to quantitatively assess the intervention's acceptability, as well as comfort and knowledge regarding 2SLGBTQ+ competent TIC. Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand acceptability and impact on personal, professional practice, and organizational levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 240 participants completed pretraining surveys, and 222 completed posttraining surveys. Participants were service providers who worked in mental health organizations (<i>n</i> = 71), antiviolence organizations (<i>n</i> = 31), community health centers (<i>n</i> = 20), private practice (<i>n</i> = 10), hospital-based services (<i>n</i> = 8), and other community-based organizations (<i>n</i> = 62). Interviews were conducted with 20 participants. Quantitative surveys indicated an increase in knowledge and comfort in providing TIC for 2SLGBTQ+ people. Qualitative interviews indicated a multilevel impact on service providers' capacity and delivery of 2SLGBTQ+ competent TIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that novel interventions to engage service providers in providing 2SLGBTQ+ competent TIC are impactful and merit further development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders among veterans and civilians: A test of causally moderated comparative effectiveness.","authors":"Shannon M Blakey, Antonio A Morgan-López, Alexander C Kline, Alina Shevorykin, Sonya B Norman, Therese K Killeen, Sudie E Back, Tracy L Simpson, Lissette M Saavedra, Ismene L Petrakis, Denise A Hien","doi":"10.1037/tra0002043","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The prevalence and negative sequelae of co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder (PTSD + SUD) are well documented. Findings from evidence syntheses regarding which PTSD + SUD treatments work best overall have been mixed, potentially because these treatments are not equally effective for all PTSD + SUD patient subgroups. Epidemiological and qualitative research suggest that veteran status may be related to differential PTSD + SUD treatment response. This study, applying recent quantitative methodological advances in evidence synthesis, is the first to examine the potential moderating effect of veteran status on PTSD + SUD treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We report secondary analyses of psychotherapy arm data (<i>k</i> = 26 randomized controlled trials; <i>n</i> = 3,228) from Project Harmony, a meta-analysis of individual PTSD + SUD patient data from sociodemographically diverse samples incorporating propensity score weighting and integrative data analysis. Outcome models (examined separately for harmonized indicators of latent PTSD, alcohol use, and drug use severity) were fit under propensity score weighting multilevel modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tests of causally moderated comparative effectiveness showed that trauma-focused psychotherapy targeting PTSD and integrated trauma-focused psychotherapy targeting PTSD and SUD were both superior to treatment as usual for alcohol use severity outcomes, and this effect was stronger for veterans than civilians. Analyses did not provide evidence for differential response to active PTSD + SUD psychotherapies, relative to treatment as usual, on PTSD or drug use severity outcomes as a function of veteran status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings lend support for delivering trauma-focused psychotherapies to patients with PTSD + SUD, especially veterans, and point to important future directions for inquiries into optimizing patient matching to PTSD + SUD treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1258-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}