Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Psychological pathways from childhood maltreatment to inflammation among midlife and older adults.","authors":"Viktoria Papp, Michael Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1037/tra0002030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0002030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood abuse and neglect have been linked to increased inflammation in adulthood. Psychological pathways that lead from abuse and neglect to inflammation have been seldom identified. Abuse and neglect may impact traits such as trait anger and trait anxiety, which in turn, influence emotion regulation thus leading to a psychological cascade that results in heightened levels of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Trait anxiety and trait anger, and suppression and reappraisal were examined as pathways between abuse and neglect and inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Longitudinal data from the Midlife Development in the United States study were used to analyze a sample of 317 adults within a structural equation modeling framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neglect was associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein through higher levels of trait anger and higher levels of emotional suppression. The effects of abuse were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings of the study indicate that experiences of childhood neglect, but not abuse, appear to initiate a psychological cascade that results in elevated C-reactive protein. Neglect leads to raised levels of trait anger which, in turn, increases emotional suppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Xuelian Zhang, Weiwen Huang, Yancheng Xin, Xiaoshan Li","doi":"10.1037/tra0002031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0002031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) can co-occur in individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the nature of their relationship remains inconclusive. The present study aimed to explore the PTSD-PTG relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic and possible moderators between them with meta-analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of six databases-Web of Science, CNKI, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, ProQuest, and Wanfang-was conducted for studies published between December 2019 (the first time COVID-19 was confirmed) and March 2023, and 27 studies were available (19,998 participants). A random-effects model, subgroup test, and metaregression analysis in Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 were used to test the relationship among study variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result shows that PTSD is positively correlated with PTG during the COVID-19, that is, higher levels of PTSD are associated with higher levels of PTG. Furthermore, this relationship may be moderated by group types and PTSD measurement instruments, while gender, time since onset of the pandemic, and levels of PTSD and PTG measurement instruments have no influence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The positive association between PTSD and PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be influenced by group types and PTSD measurement instruments. These findings further enrich the understanding of the relationship between PTSD and PTG and have some implications for promoting individual mental health during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma predicts the desire to migrate and psychological well-being via belongingness and quality of life among Palestinians.","authors":"Fayez Mahamid, Guido Veronese, Dana Bdier","doi":"10.1037/tra0001647","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study aimed to test the association between trauma symptoms, desire to migrate and psychological well-being, and whether general belongingness, belongingness to place, and quality of life mediate the association between these variables.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample of our study consisted of 470 Palestinian adults. Participants' age ranged from 21 to 52 years old (<i>M</i> = 36.4, <i>SD</i> = 14.24). They were all recruited from online advertisements, e-mail campaigns, and social media. The General Belongingness Scale, The Psychological Place Attachment Scale, The Impact of the Event Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments, and The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of our study revealed that trauma symptoms negatively correlated with psychological well-being (<i>r</i> = -.47, <i>p</i> < .01), general belongingness (<i>r</i> = -.50, <i>p</i> < .01), belongingness to place (<i>r</i> = -.16, <i>p</i> < .05), and quality of life (<i>r</i> = -.16, <i>p</i> < .05), and positively associated with desire to migrate (<i>r</i> = .26, <i>p</i> < .01). Moreover, results of structural equation modeling showed that the association between trauma symptoms, psychological well-being, and desire to migrate was mediated by general belongingness, belongingness to place, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of our study indicate the importance of supporting health providers and policymakers in enhancing quality of life and strengthening belongingness and attachment to the place among Palestinians to control the effects of ongoing trauma on mental health and mitigate the risks of illegal (or legal) migration from the homeland. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1212-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internalized stigma and traumatizing effects of psychiatric hospitalization in adolescents: Is there any difference between being hospitalized in adult or adolescent inpatient psychiatric services?","authors":"Berhan Akdağ, Hilal Yazıcı Kopuz, Arif Önder, Aslı Sürer Adanır, Özge Gizli Çoban, Özlem Yıldırım, Ali Erdoğan, Serkan Turan, Şafak Eray Çamlı, Caner Mutlu","doi":"10.1037/tra0001768","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychiatric hospitalization serves as a critical treatment modality. However, hospitalization may pose risks of traumatization or stigma. This study primarily examined the internalized stigma and traumatizing effects of psychiatric hospitalization on adolescents. Additionally, the treatment of adolescents within adult inpatient psychiatric services may yield differing stigmatization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Hence, the secondary objective was to discern the variance in stigmatization and PTSD symptoms between adolescents treated in adult inpatient psychiatric services (AIPS) and those in child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric services (CAIPS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The cohort consisted of patients from Akdeniz University's Adult Psychiatry Inpatient Service (<i>n</i> = 29) and Uludağ University's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Service (<i>n</i> = 28), matched for age and gender. Assessments using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index and the Internalized Stigma Scale for Children and Adolescents (ISSCA) were conducted 6 months after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36.8% and 10.5% of adolescents exhibited \"mild\" and \"very severe\" PTSD symptoms, respectively. Adolescents treated in CAIPS had higher Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index scores than those in AIPS. However, there was no significant difference between the AIPS and CAIPS groups regarding ISSCA-self and ISSCA-perceived scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings underscore that psychiatric hospitalization can lead to traumatic experiences in adolescents, especially those treated in CAIPS. Providing informed care and emotional support during hospitalization could bolster resilience and facilitate recovery among these individuals. While adolescents are sometimes placed in AIPS, it is crucial that professionals are adequately trained and supported in managing this vulnerable population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1321-1329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory and predictors of psychological distress and posttraumatic growth among rectal cancer patients undergoing combined modality treatment: An exploratory prospective study.","authors":"Agata Benfante, Valentina Tesio, Pierfrancesco Franco, Annunziata Romeo, Francesca Arcadipane, Giuseppe Carlo Iorio, Sara Bartoncini, Lorys Castelli","doi":"10.1037/tra0001835","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This exploratory prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the trajectory of psychological distress and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in rectal cancer patients from diagnosis to follow-up and to explore factors that could predict PTG and psychological distress at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed psychological distress (anxiety and depression), PTG, physical symptoms, quality of life, cancer-related coping, state and trait affectivity, resilience, and alexithymia in 43 rectal cancer patients, <i>M (SD</i>) age: 61.6 (12.6); 67.4% men, after diagnosis (T0), after preoperative radiochemotherapy (T1), after surgical resection (T2), and 1 year after surgery (T3, follow-up).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychological distress, especially anxiety symptoms, showed a significant reduction between T0 and T1 (<i>p</i> < .001), which increased again between T1 and T2 (<i>p</i> = .048). PTG showed a progressive increase, with a significant increase between T2 and T3 (<i>p</i> < .001). The exploratory hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that low positive state affectivity (<i>p</i> = .005) and high health anxiety (<i>p</i> = .007) at T1 and high negative state affectivity (<i>p</i> = .012) at T3 were significant predictors of psychological distress at follow-up. Higher levels of PTG at T1 (<i>p</i> < .001) and greater use of adaptive coping styles of Fighting Spirit at T0 (<i>p</i> = .009) and Fatalism at T1 (<i>p</i> = .031) were significant predictors of PTG at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The (fluctuating and linear, respectively) trajectories of psychological distress and PTG seem to be related to the psychological reactions to the different treatment phases, especially diagnosis and preoperative treatment. Data suggest the need to implement psychological screening and tailored support programs aimed at fostering PTG and reducing psychological distress from the earliest phases of cancer treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1165-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My playbook: Psychotherapy role expectations, relational trauma, and trauma-spectrum mental dysfunctions in community mental health service users in Hong Kong.","authors":"Chui-De Chiu, Josephine Sheron Au, Nerissa Hoi Yan Pau, Harris Chi Wai Chung, Lois W Choi-Kain","doi":"10.1037/tra0001834","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clients with relational trauma often face challenges in forming a therapeutic alliance, a primary predictor of psychotherapy outcomes. Unresolved traumatic stress can lead to a passive stance in therapy, manifested as a tendency to seek advice and approval from therapists in order to establish more predictable relational dynamics. This comes at the cost of adequately addressing their own therapeutic needs, which often leads to stagnation, treatment dropout, and frustration with the therapist. We postulated that neither relational nor nonrelational traumas could fully account for passive and maladaptive therapy role expectations, such as advice- and approval-seeking. Instead, we hypothesized that lingering effects of trauma, evident in trauma-related pathologies like dissociation, somatization, and borderline personality disorder, contribute more significantly to the tendency to adopt a passive interpersonal stance that can impede therapeutic progress.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a sample of 259 community mental health service users, we examined the link between histories of relational trauma (both in childhood and adulthood), trauma-related pathologies, and role expectations in the psychotherapeutic interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bivariate correlations revealed that history of relational trauma correlated with relationship-seeking expectation-an active way of approaching therapy. However, trauma-related pathologies were invariably related to maladaptive and passive role expectations. In subsequent hierarchical regressions, when multiple factors were entered into the model, dissociation emerged as the key factor that explains maladaptive role expectations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest the importance of establishing clear role expectations and ensuring alignment with clients at the outset of therapy, particularly when indications of trauma-related pathologies are present. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1175-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of psychotherapies and meta-analysis of cognitive behavior therapy and narrative exposure therapy for treating earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Abdulkadir Haktanir, M Furkan Kurnaz","doi":"10.1037/tra0001743","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Several primary studies examined the effectiveness of various psychotherapies in treating earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Variations in methods, employed psychotherapy approaches, and differences across studies warrant a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this study, first, a systematic review of experimental studies aiming to reduce the symptoms of PTSD in the aftermath of an earthquake was carried out. Second, a meta-analysis of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and narrative exposure therapy (NET) was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several psychological treatments were used for treating earthquake-related PTSD. However, only CBT and NET were tested in multiple studies. Meta-analysis results suggested that CBT and NET significantly reduce earthquake-related PTSD symptoms compared to control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that CBT and NET are promising psychological treatment options. Further research on NET and other major PTSD interventions (e.g., prolonged exposure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, cognitive processing therapy) is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1357-1368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral injury exposure among offenders in Türkiye: Experiences, coping, and values.","authors":"Feyza Topçu, Oğuzhan Taşdelen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001961","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A growing body of research on moral injury (MI) has focused on various occupational groups, particularly on military personnel and veterans. However, there is a notable gap in investigations of MI in offender populations. This study was conducted to investigate the experiences and coping strategies of MI among offenders. Researchers have also identified the specific values that have been violated in MI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The phenomenological design employed semistructured interviews to examine the offenders' MI experiences. Thematic analysis techniques were used to investigate the participants' feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. We recruited 15 participants from a larger sample based on their scores obtained on the administered scales and conducted in-depth interviews along with memos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three superordinate themes were conceptualized: (a) violated values, (b) experiences of MI, and (c) strategies for coping with MI. The empirical findings suggest that offenders have various experiences. These include frequent engagement in feelings, thoughts, and behaviors related to MI. Participants also demonstrated five categories of coping strategies: emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and spiritual. MI involves violation of numerous values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All offenders described in detail how they experienced and coped with moral injuries. Based on these findings, researchers suggest that mental health professionals working in penal institutions should implement programs to improve offenders' well-being, particularly when encountering morally injurious events. This intervention could involve identifying personal values in order to develop strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1306-1320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the intersection of intimate partner violence and suicidality: Insights and interventions from Taiwan.","authors":"Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1037/tra0001699","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comments on the article, \"Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence: Risk Factors and Associations With Suicide\" by Joksimovic et al. (see record 2023-66172-001). The current author shares that their research in Taiwan echoes the significant public health issue that intimate partner violence (IPV) represents, as highlighted by Joksimovic et al. They found a similarly distressing link between IPV and suicidality among Taiwanese populations. The work by Joksimovic and colleagues not only contributes to the growing body of literature on IPV but also highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that address both the immediate and long-term consequences of IPV on mental health. As professionals dedicated to the well-being of our communities, we must continue to advocate for policies and programs that support IPV victims and address the root causes of this pervasive issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":"17 6","pages":"1153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lebanese civil war intergenerational trauma: Modes of transmission and impacts on second-generation descendants.","authors":"Charlotte El-Khalil, Fahd Hassan, Cătălin Nedelcea","doi":"10.1037/tra0001987","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite the growing research on intergenerational trauma, empirical studies on its transmission modes and impacts on second-generation descendants remain largely focused on events such as the Holocaust, genocide, the colonization of Indigenous peoples, and war invasions, while studies on civil wars are scarce. The main objective of this study is to investigate the modes of transmission of the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) to second-generation descendants born after its end (i.e., post-1991) and to examine the impact of this trauma on these descendants.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study utilized in-depth interviews with 14 second-generation descendants and 14 key informants, including two psychologists, two social workers, two politicians, two researchers, two journalists, and four activists. Additionally, four focus group discussions were conducted with 25 parents who survived the Lebanese Civil War. Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework, was employed to systematically identify and refine themes, ensuring a comprehensive interpretation of findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis identified two themes: \"From Generation to Generation: The Passing of a Nation's Scars,\" highlighting the war's continuity and the transmission of its legacy through parents, community members, media, and war remnants, and \"Carrying the Burden of an Unlived War,\" detailing its impact on the psychological well-being, social identity, political identity, and educational and career aspirations of second-generation descendants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The multidimensional impacts of intergenerational trauma highlight the need for targeted interventions to help descendants process inherited trauma and promote social healing and reconciliation through community-driven initiatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1288-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}