Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Moral injury front and center: The relationship between event centrality and moral injury.","authors":"Kari E James, Blake M McKimmie, Fiona Maccallum","doi":"10.1037/tra0002014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0002014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Moral injury is a potentially deleterious mental health outcome arising from unresolved distress associated with exposure to events that transgress an individual's moral code. Primarily characterized by guilt and shame, moral injury also shares some features with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, treatments that are effective for PTSD may be limited in their effectiveness for moral injury, indicating the importance of understanding factors that distinguish the two. Research indicates that the extent to which a potentially traumatic event comes to dominate an individual's self-identity (event centrality) is associated with PTSD severity. We sought to identify whether, and to what extent, a similar association exists between event centrality and moral injury.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we examined the extent to which event centrality was associated with outcomes following exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Adults (<i>N</i> = 232) exposed to a potentially morally injurious event completed validated measures of event centrality and event-related distress, traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, guilt, and shame.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater event centrality was associated with more severe event-related distress and traumatic stress, though the association was significantly larger for traumatic stress. Further, the relationship between event centrality and event-related distress was fully mediated by guilt and shame, whereas the relationship with traumatic stress was only partially mediated by guilt and shame.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the extent to which a potentially morally injurious event dominates an individual's self-identity is important to moral injury outcomes, and shed light on features that distinguish moral injury from PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoidant coping behaviors as risk factor in the relationship between heterosexism and PTSD severity among young sexual minority women.","authors":"Stephanie Balters, Zoe Morris Feldman Brier, Debra Kaysen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001990","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual minority women (SMW) are at high risk of traumatic events and developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The minority stress model suggests that SMW face significant mental health impacts from minority-specific discrimination (i.e., heterosexism). This study examines the impact of heterosexism on PTSD risk, controlling for trauma exposure, and tests coping strategies as potential risk and protective factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed data from 324 young bisexual and lesbian women (aged 18-25 years; all were assigned a female at birth) with trauma histories. An analysis of direct and indirect effects assessed the impact of coping behaviors (i.e., avoidant and approach) on the association between heterosexism and PTSD severity, considering total trauma exposure. A prediction model using support vector regression identified coping behaviors predicting PTSD severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that heterosexism had a direct positive association with PTSD severity (<i>B</i> = 3.572, <i>p</i> < .001, 95% CI [1.487, 5.656]), with an indirect effect through avoidant coping behaviors (<i>B</i> = 2.776, 95% CI [1.387, 4.243]). Approach coping behavior did not serve as a protective factor (<i>p</i> = .091). The prediction analysis found that denial and self-blame, along with trauma and heterosexism exposure, best predicted PTSD severity (<i>r</i> = 0.65; <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight avoidant coping behaviors' role in the relationship between heterosexism and PTSD severity among SMW. Clinicians should consider interventions to reduce avoidant coping (denial and self-blame) when treating PTSD in SMW, given ongoing heterosexism exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child maltreatment typologies within intergenerational contexts: A latent class study.","authors":"Audrey Kern, Tonino Esposito, Sonia Hélie, Rachel Langevin","doi":"10.1037/tra0001992","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Child maltreatment (CM) in one generation can predict CM in the next, a concept known as the intergenerational continuity of CM. However, the specific forms of intergenerational CM remain unclear, and fathers are largely absent from this body of literature. This study examined second-generation CM typologies in families where intergenerational continuity was present and assessed the impact of parental CM on these typologies using multilevel latent class analyses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Child protection data from families with confirmed intergenerational CM in Montreal were analyzed (<i>n</i> = 5,861 children). Two models were examined, one based on intergenerational CM on the mother's side and the other on the father's side.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both models, four latent classes were identified: (a) sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, (b) risk of CM, (c) psychological abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence, and (d) high polyvictimization. Child age and maternal histories of sexual and physical abuse were associated with child class membership, while no paternal CM experiences were associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings clarify the co-occurrence of CM types and how parental CM influences child typologies of CM in a two-generation sample, providing crucial insights for CM prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between changes in negative posttrauma cognitions and pain intensity in veterans undergoing intensive treatment.","authors":"Sacha McBain, Dale L Smith, Sarah Pridgen, Philip Held","doi":"10.1037/tra0002022","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined whether improvements in posttrauma cognitions during intensive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment were associated with reduced pain intensity in veterans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 497 veterans with PTSD enrolled in a 2-week intensive PTSD treatment program. Pain intensity and posttrauma cognitions were assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and posttreatment. Ordinal logistic mixed effects models analyzed the association between changes in posttrauma cognitions and pain intensity, with military sexual trauma (MST) status as a potential moderator. A sensitivity analysis examined whether these associations remained after accounting for PTSD symptom change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reductions in posttrauma cognitions were significantly associated with decreases in average (<i>b</i> = 1.01, <i>p</i> < .001), current (<i>b</i> = 1.01, <i>p</i> < .001), and worst pain levels (<i>b</i> = 1.01, <i>p</i> < .001), though effect sizes for change in pain intensity were modest (ds between 0.23 and 0.30). This association was no longer significant when adjusting for PTSD symptom changes during the program. MST history did not predict pain outcomes or moderate the association between posttrauma cognition changes and pain. When controlling for PTSD symptom change, the association between posttrauma cognitions and pain was no longer significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improvements in posttrauma cognitions were initially linked to reduced pain intensity, suggesting that trauma-focused interventions targeting negative appraisals may support pain relief. However, sensitivity analysis indicated that these effects may be accounted for by overall PTSD symptom improvement. Further studies should clarify the distinct and overlapping contributions of cognitive and symptom change in pain outcomes in veterans with co-occurring PTSD and pain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operationalizing psychological trauma in pregnancy: A systematic review.","authors":"Helena J V Rutherford, Kathryn M Wall, Lindsey Wallace Goldman, Jin Young Shin, Eloise H Novak, Amanda Lowell, Francesca Penner, Michèle J Day, Lea Papa, Drew Wright, Soudabeh Givrad","doi":"10.1037/tra0001968","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychological trauma can affect health and well-being across the lifespan but may be significantly impactful, with intergenerational consequences, during pregnancy. However, there appears to be no uniform agreement on the operationalization of psychological trauma in pregnancy. Such agreement is critical for the translation of research findings into clinical care. The purpose of this article was to provide narrative insight into the characterization of psychological trauma during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches were completed between July 2021 and September 2023 using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, and Cochrane. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, relevant full-text articles, and extracted data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five hundred seventy-six studies were identified that examined psychological trauma during pregnancy. Most assessments of psychological trauma used differing questionnaire-based approaches (79.7%), with variability in the timing of assessments administered and the type of psychological trauma measured. Only 15.8% of studies examined pregnancy-specific psychological trauma. Finally, just 24% of studies evidenced a comprehensive assessment of psychological trauma, with only 28.8% of studies assessing posttraumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate significant variability in the conceptualization of psychological trauma during pregnancy. A more comprehensive assessment of psychological trauma beginning in the first trimester and repeated across the prenatal period is needed. Such an approach will be critical to the implementation of trauma-informed care to optimize the health and well-being of pregnant women and other perinatal individuals and their developing child and family. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported executive dysfunction predicts COVID-19 traumatic stress: A prospective study.","authors":"Bunmi O Olatunji, Alexandra M Adamis, Margaret Mosby, Qimin Liu","doi":"10.1037/tra0002020","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although executive dysfunction has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there remains a paucity of prospective research along these lines. Given that emerging research has shown that traumatic stress symptoms are commonly observed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present longitudinal study examined the extent to which self-reported prepandemic executive dysfunction uniquely predicted subsequent COVID-related traumatic stress over 15 weeks of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Community adults (<i>N</i> = 336) who completed measures of executive dysfunction, attentional control, and distress intolerance in 2016 as part of a larger study were contacted at the start of the pandemic (March 2020) and assessed for COVID-related traumatic stress symptoms every 2 weeks for 30 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although bivariate correlations revealed that executive dysfunction and attentional control were significantly correlated with the latent slope (i.e., trajectory) of traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, none of the predictors were uniquely associated with the latent slope of COVID-related traumatic stress symptoms in a latent growth curve model. Executive dysfunction, attentional control, and distress intolerance were also associated with an increased latent intercept for traumatic stress symptoms. However, only executive dysfunction uniquely predicted an increased latent intercept for traumatic stress symptoms after accounting for the effects of other predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight that self-reported deficits in executive dysfunction prior to the pandemic uniquely predicted risk of experiencing traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have important implications for preventing adverse trauma reactions in future pandemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral injury in health workers, emergency services, police, government officials, and teachers: Measurement invariance of the Occupational Moral Injury Scale (OMIS) and group comparisons.","authors":"Victoria Thomas, Boris Bizumic","doi":"10.1037/tra0002001","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Occupational Moral Injury Scale (OMIS) was designed to capture both morally injurious events and a general factor of moral injury symptoms in any occupational setting beyond the military. Although the initial development and refinement of the OMIS demonstrated excellent results, it was undertaken on a combined sample of high-risk occupations. Further research is required to establish the OMIS as a measurement invariant instrument separately in specific occupations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study ran bifactor multigroup confirmatory factor analyses on a sample of 1,431 participants from five separate, high-risk occupational groups (health workers, emergency services, police, government officials, and teachers) before making direct mean comparisons between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the OMIS across all occupational groups tested, as well as between men and women-indicating that items hold generally the same meaning across these groups and that their scores can be appropriately compared. The OMIS was also able to distinguish between occupational groups, according to mean score comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results validate the OMIS for use across occupational groups and genders, facilitating further research in this space and permitting direct comparisons between diverse occupational groups for the first time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated mass casualty events: Advocating real care for simulated victims.","authors":"Ophélie Lefetz, Jean-Félix Hamel, Antoine Lefevre-Scelles, Jean-Michel Coq","doi":"10.1037/tra0002005","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mass casualty events (MCE; e.g., natural disasters, terror attacks) impose a great deal of stress on health care systems and professionals worldwide. To ensure their preparedness, large-scale simulations of such events (i.e., SMCE) involving <i>simulated victims</i> (SVs) have become a prominent tool. Although past research suggests SVs' symptoms during SMCE might be comparable to that of trauma victims, little research has investigated this proposition. This study first aims to quantitatively assess SVs' symptoms of acute stress (i.e., emotional distress and dissociation) in the context of SMCE. Second, we explore associations with various individual (e.g., gender), interpersonal (e.g., care appraisal), and organizational (e.g., role) factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>After two separate SMCE following the same terror attack scenario, a questionnaire was completed by SVs (<i>n</i> = 90).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results outline symptoms relating to distress (e.g., helplessness, 27%) or dissociation (e.g., disorientation, 19%). Satisfaction with care was highly dependent on reassurance (<i>d</i> = 1.34) and swiftness of care (<i>d</i> = 1.19). SVs playing psychological symptoms reported a globally worse experience: more acute stress symptoms (<i>r</i> = .23, <i>p</i> < .05), not receiving sufficient information (η² = .05), and other role-related issues (e.g., being shown less empathy).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that SVs may experience symptoms of acute stress and provides actionable insights to prevent these symptoms. As simulation could pave the way for the development of new protocols regarding real victims, we advocate for all actors and institutions involved to take more interest in SVs' experience-that is, to provide them with <i>real</i> care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of childhood psychological maltreatment and peer victimization for COVID-19 PTSD symptoms among adolescents: Mindfulness and self-compassion as explanatory mechanisms in trauma transmission.","authors":"Qinglu Wu, Nan Zhou, Hongjian Cao, Shaofan Wang","doi":"10.1037/tra0002004","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The linking mechanisms underlying associations between early adversities and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to major public health crises remain unclear. Grounded in the stress process model, the present study examined the potential mediating roles of mindfulness and various forms of emotion regulation strategies (general: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression; self-care specific: self-compassion) in the associations between victimization by family members and peers (childhood psychological maltreatment and peer victimization) and COVID-19 PTSD symptoms among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three-wave survey data were collected from 844 Chinese junior high school students (51.7% boys, <i>M</i>_age = 13.21 years old, <i>SD</i> = .39) in the COVID-19 context (December 2020 to June 2022). The second-wave and the third-wave data were collected 6 months and 1.5 years later from the baseline, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood psychological maltreatment and peer victimization were associated with COVID-19 PTSD symptoms through either mindfulness or self-compassion. A sequential mediating pathway from mindfulness to self-compassion was identified. In contrast, no mediating pathways involving cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early victimization by family members and peers as primary stressors may contribute to subsequent PTSD symptoms in challenging life contexts due to major public health crises (e.g., the pandemic) through proliferating into secondary stressors of impeded mindfulness and self-compassion. Self-care-specific emotion regulation strategies may uniquely matter more above and beyond the general emotion regulation strategies in explaining such associations. Trainings that facilitate mindfulness and self-compassion could be potential avenues to reduce the deleterious implications of early adversities for later psychological well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The child and adolescent trauma screen self- and caregiver-report: Factor structure, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.","authors":"Emily C Kemp, Hena Thakur, Hannah C Espeleta, Leigh E Ridings, Rochelle F Hanson, Kenneth Ruggiero, Tatiana M Davidson","doi":"10.1037/tra0001995","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The child and adolescent trauma screen (CATS) is a widely used tool for assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms in youth; yet very few studies have examined its factor structure, including its measurement invariance and validity, across relevant groups. This information is critical to ensure evidence-based use of the measure while minimizing the risk of inaccurate interpretation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Utilizing a sample of 259 youth, aged 8-16 years (<i>M</i> = 11.7, <i>SD</i> = 2.4; 63% female), and their caregivers, the factor structure of the CATS was examined, and the optimal factor structure was tested for measurement invariance and construct validity across relevant groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A three-factor structure based on <i>International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision</i> criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder that includes \"reexperiencing,\" \"avoidance,\" and \"perceived sense of threat\" factors based on six items from the total scale was identified as optimal for both CATS self- and caregiver-report (self: <i>χ</i>² = 7.514, root-mean-square error of approximation = .032, comparative fit index = .995, Tucker-Lewis index = .988, standardized root-mean-square residual = .024; caregiver: <i>χ</i>² = 9.663, root-mean-square error of approximation = .049, comparative fit index = .989, Tucker-Lewis index = .971, standardized root-mean-square residual = .032). In addition, measurement invariance was found for this three-factor structure for CATS self-report across youth age, sex, and race. In addition, concurrent validity was found for the CATS self-report total score, as evidenced by significant positive associations with self-reported depression symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the use of the total score based on the six-item three-symptom version of the CATS that is based on <i>International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision</i> criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Further, these results provide some of the first replicable support for this three-factor structure of the CATS and suggest its use as a highly efficient, short-form screener that may be administered easily across clinical settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}