Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Screening for PTSD in first responders: Turkish adaptation and psychometric validation of the primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5.","authors":"Ahmet Erhan Bakirci, Vedat Sar, Ali Cetin, Lucas D Baker, Andrew J Smith","doi":"10.1037/tra0001887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Like other first responders, many firefighters show signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that often go undiagnosed. Developing accessible, brief, and efficient screening tools may improve identification and service utilization. The most recent adaptation of the Primary Care PTSD Checklist for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>-Fifth Edition (PCL-5; PC-PTSD-5 [0-20]) demonstrates promising screening performance among firefighters. Our study translated the PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] into Turkish and conducted validity and reliability analyses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish through forward translation, backward translation, and expert-led refinement. We conducted a pilot test with 30 firefighters, followed by carrying out the full study among (<i>N</i> = 215) firefighters from fire stations across all the districts of Istanbul. Participants in the full study completed the Turkish PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] and PCL-5, and we analyzed them for reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Turkish PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] demonstrated favorable psychometric properties: acceptable internal consistency (α = .61); high test-retest reliability (<i>r</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> < .001); and strong convergent validity with PCL-5 (<i>r</i> = 0.81, <i>p</i> < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.947 with an optimal cutoff score of 9 that balanced high accuracy (90.23%), sensitivity (82.86%), and specificity (91.67%), while PTSD prevalence was estimated at 16.3% in the sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Turkish PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] demonstrates strong psychometric properties, with high accuracy at a cutoff score of 9, and excellent diagnostic utility for screening PTSD among firefighters. Future research should explore its applicability to other first responder groups and predictive validity in longitudinal studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of self-reported cannabis use on veterans' intensive PTSD treatment outcomes.","authors":"Ryan A Schubert, Cailan C Splaine, Mauricio M Montes, Sarah A Pridgen, Debra L Kaysen, Philip Held","doi":"10.1037/tra0001842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The impact of cannabis use on evidence-based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes remains inconclusive. Further, few studies to date have examined these relationships in intensive PTSD treatment settings, with existing literature being similarly inconclusive. The present study assessed the role of cannabis use frequency prior to and concurrent with treatment on self-reported PTSD and depressive symptoms in two samples of veterans undergoing distinct (3-week and 2-week) Cognitive Processing Therapy-based intensive treatment programs (ITPs; <i>N</i>_3-week = 488; <i>N</i>_2-week = 253).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cannabis use frequency over the past 2 weeks was self-reported by veterans. PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed before, during, and following the ITP using the PTSD Checklist for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition</i> and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effect of cannabis use frequency prior to and concurrent with treatment on PTSD and depressive symptom change over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals in the 3- and 2-week ITPs reported low rates of cannabis use prior to and concurrent with treatment. Across models, frequency of cannabis use was not significantly related to PTSD symptoms over time. Findings surrounding the impact of cannabis use on depressive symptom severity were only found in the 2-week ITP and not replicated in the 3-week ITP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infrequent and/or recreational cannabis use frequency prior to or concurrent with treatment did not meaningfully impact intensive PTSD treatment outcomes. Findings associated with concurrent use need to be interpreted with caution due to the small subsample. Future research should explore whether more frequent cannabis use and the dosage differentially impact PTSD treatment outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between PTSD symptom clusters, insomnia, and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents with low and high levels of internet addiction: A cross-lagged network analysis.","authors":"Yiming Long, Bingxin Guo, Yixiao Xu, Zhihong Ren, Michelle G Newman, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1037/tra0001903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The prevalence of COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and insomnia remains high in Chinese adolescents. Existing research suggests strong links between them and the influence of internet addiction (IA) on their development. This study therefore examined a longitudinal network of these psychological symptoms and explored the influence of IA on them.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Analyses included 811 adolescents (<i>M</i>_age = 14.65, <i>SD</i> = 1.77, 44.2% female), and measures were taken at two time points 2 months apart. A cross-lagged panel network model was used to construct a common network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia to estimate the longitudinal relationship between symptoms. Furthermore, networks of subgroups with different IA levels were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suicidal ideation at T1 had the strongest predictive effect on other symptoms at T2. Insomnia had the strongest bridging effect, sustaining the coactivation of depression and PTSD symptoms. The similarity between symptom networks across different IA groups was low. However, hyperarousal was strongly predicted by other symptoms in both high and low-level IA groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings emphasize the important roles of suicidal ideation and insomnia in the network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia in adolescents. This may make these symptoms a priority to be considered in interventions. Among adolescents with different levels of IA, the most central symptom varies, suggesting that intervention priorities should vary in groups with different levels of IA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social network sites usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression: A cross-lagged panel analysis.","authors":"Yaling Pang, Jingyun Wang, Wanjun Li, Siyu Mao, Chao Song","doi":"10.1037/tra0001900","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Existing research on the relationships between social network sites (SNS) usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression has predominantly employed cross-sectional methodologies. Limited studies have delved into the bidirectional dynamics among these variables. This study aimed to fill this gap by employing a longitudinal approach to examine the reciprocal associations between SNS usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 424 Chinese adolescents (55.9% boys; <i>M</i>_age = 17.07, <i>SD</i> = 0.64 at baseline) was followed over a period of 6 months, utilizing a cross-lagged panel model to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cyberbullying perpetration was found to positively predict SNS usage and depression 6 months later, while depression positively predicted cyberbullying perpetration 6 months later.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the bidirectional associations between cyberbullying perpetration and depression, and the unidirectional associations between cyberbullying perpetration and SNS usage. This study extends cross-sectional observations by confirming the unique longitudinal associations between SNS usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender as moderator of the relations between interpersonal and noninterpersonal trauma exposure and mental health problems in conflict-affected children and adolescents.","authors":"Florian Scharpf, Lars Dumke, Claudia Catani, Anselm Crombach, Hawkar Ibrahim, Frank Neuner, Vathsalan Rajan, Laura Saupe, Tobias Hecker","doi":"10.1037/tra0001886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the moderating role of gender in the associations between cumulative exposure to interpersonal trauma (IPT) and noninterpersonal trauma (NIPT) and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents in conflict-affected areas.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Based on a sample of 980 children (rangeage = 6-12, <i>M</i>_age = 9.60, 471 girls) and 472 adolescents (range_age = 13-18, <i>M</i>_age = 15.26, 218 girls) living in or near conflict-affected regions (Burundi, Northern Uganda, Iraq, Syria, and Sri Lanka), multigroup path analyses were conducted to examine whether cumulative exposure to IPT and NIPT was differentially associated with mental health problems (posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems) in girls and boys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adolescents, higher cumulative exposure to IPT was significantly more strongly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in girls than in boys, and higher cumulative exposure to NIPT was significantly associated with externalizing problems in girls only. Among children, all independent associations between types of trauma exposure and mental health problems were significant and did not differ between girls and boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that female vulnerability to traumatic stress after IPT exposure occurs in adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of social support on world assumptions and PTSD symptoms in a sample of public safety communicators.","authors":"Allie K Jessen, Michelle M Lilly","doi":"10.1037/tra0001891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although they are the first involved in emergency response, 9-1-1 public safety communicators (PSCs) are largely excluded from studies on the effects of repeated exposure to duty-related traumatic events. Studies have shown that 9-1-1 PSCs experience negative health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study aimed to understand the relationship between social support, world assumptions (e.g., beliefs regarding benevolence of the world, benevolence of people, and self-worth), and PTSS in 221 9-1-1 PSCs across the United States in a 1-year longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Social support was positively associated with world assumptions but negatively associated with PTSS, and PTSS were negatively related to world assumptions. Mediation models revealed that world assumptions at 6 months had indirect effects on the association between baseline social support and PTSS 1 year later.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports current conceptualizations of posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma treatments focused on identifying and challenging maladaptive beliefs. It may be beneficial to explore how public safety personnel's world assumptions impact their likelihood of reaching out for support. Because social support is largely associated with PTSS through people's assumptions about the world, other people, and themselves, interventions targeting world assumptions might be particularly advantageous for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigger warning ≠ trigger warning: A comparison of differentially worded trigger warnings on negative versus positive outcomes.","authors":"Hannah Willems, Julia A Glombiewski, Richard J McNally, Philipp Herzog","doi":"10.1037/tra0001839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trigger warnings (TWs) are designed to warn vulnerable people about potentially stressful content they may encounter. Most experiments testing the efficacy of TWs have failed to confirm beneficial effects. However, warnings may be formulated in diverse ways, and the aim of this experiment was to investigate differential effects of varied formulations of warnings on negative (e.g., expected threat) and positive outcomes (e.g., felt sense of respect and autonomy).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-national online study included a total of <i>N</i> = 409 people (<i>N</i> = 288 German-speaking, <i>N</i> = 121 English-speaking). All participants rated differentially detailed warnings in randomized order in terms of expected threat, anticipatory fear, feeling of emotional preparedness, and intention to avoid content. Felt sense of autonomy and respect related to TWs was assessed to determine potential positive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated significant differences among the warnings in all outcomes across both samples. Compared to general, nonspecific content warnings, detailed warnings about the content and potential emotional consequences prompted greater expected threat, anticipatory fear, and avoidance intentions. Although participants felt more respected by these warnings compared to general ones, they did not experience heightened feelings of emotional preparedness as intended by those detailed warnings. TWs did, however, result in participants reporting feeling a sense of respect for their autonomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight that various formulations of TWs have differential effects on negative and positive outcomes. According to our findings, the design of a TW, if used at all, should be adapted to the context and the objective pursued (e.g., strengthening the experience of autonomy vs. reducing the experience of threat). Possible effects (e.g., avoidance) should also be carefully considered with regard to the group of people addressed (e.g., people with posttraumatic stress disorder vs. healthy people). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflexible responses to uncertainty: The mediating role of psychological inflexibility in the link between intolerance of uncertainty, traumatic stress, and somatic symptoms.","authors":"Chung Xiann Lim, Emily A Mueller, L Brooke Short, Rong Xia, Piraorn Suvanbenjakule, William H O'Brien","doi":"10.1037/tra0001860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and psychological inflexibility (PI) were shown to be risk factors of traumatic stress (TS) and somatic symptoms (SS) during COVID-19. The present study tested a structural equation model where PI mediated the relationships between IU, TS, and SS based on their theoretical and experimental overlaps. The contribution of all six PI facets including experiential avoidance (EA) and cognitive fusion (CF) were investigated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample was made up of 656 participants who reported elevated scores for TS and SS. Mediation analysis was conducted via structural equation modeling to test the proposed model. A sensitivity analysis followed the mediation analysis. Follow-up hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the individual contribution of each PI facet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall model demonstrated a good fit (comparative fit index = .98; root-mean-square error of approximation = .07; total effects on TS and SS: β = .78, β = .60). IU was positively associated with TS and SS, and the relations were mediated by PI, with PI accounting for most of the effect. Hierarchical analyses revealed the less studied PI facets explained additional variance over and beyond EA and CF. EA and CF were no longer significant predictors of TS and SS after all PI facets were entered while controlling for IU and demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings were consistent with previous researchers positing PI as an overarching construct encompassing IU and other related psychological vulnerabilities. PI facets beyond EA and CF warrant more investigations. Clinically, PI and PI facets could be important intervention targets for high IU individuals in times of uncertainty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional self-disclosure and internalizing problems among adolescents after an earthquake: Sex differences in codevelopment and temporal associations.","authors":"Yifan Li, Yingying Ye, Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1037/tra0001892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated sex differences in the codevelopment trajectories and temporal associations of emotional self-disclosure and internalizing problems in Chinese adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three hundred ninety-two adolescents (age: <i>M</i> = 15.02, SD = 1.61) completed self-report questionnaires 12 months (T1), 21 months (Time 2 [T2]), and 27 months (T3) after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred on August 8, 2017. We conducted parallel process latent growth modeling and constructed cross-lagged panel models with sex as a grouping variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that emotional self-disclosure increased overtime for girls and internalizing problems were stable for both boys and girls. For boys, emotional self-disclosure at T1 and T2 was negatively associated with internalizing problems at T2 and T3; internalizing problems at T2 were negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure at T3. For girls, internalizing problems at T1 and T2 were negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure at T2 and T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicated that emotional self-disclosure showed a clear healing effect only for boys, whereas for girls, higher internalizing problems related to suppressed emotional self-disclosure. These findings suggested that interventions could focus on promoting emotional self-disclosure for boys and focus on the relief of internalizing symptoms for girls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of multidimensional forms of online racism on posttraumatic stress symptoms: Do racial identity beliefs buffer this relationship?","authors":"Henry A Willis, Ashley D Maxie-Moreman, Tuyet-Mai Ha Hoang, Lillian Polanco-Roman, Brendesha M Tynes","doi":"10.1037/tra0001875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to identify distinct profiles of online racial discrimination (ORD) and exposure to race-related traumatic events online (TEO) among Black and Latine youth, explore if these profiles would be related to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and examine how racial identity (RI) beliefs may mitigate the impact of these experiences on PTSS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Utilizing data from 769 Black and Latine youth aged 11 to 19, collected via a longitudinal online survey, measures included ORD, TEO, RI (racial centrality, private regard, and public regard), and PTSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles of ORD and TEO exposure: (1) low overall exposures (46%), (2) low direct-high indirect exposures (34%), (3) moderate direct-high indirect exposures (15%), and (4) high overall exposures (15%). Youth in profiles characterized by more frequent exposures to various forms of online racism reported greater PTSS, while those in profiles with fewer exposures reported fewer symptoms. Private regard beliefs moderated the association between online racism profiles and PTSS, particularly for youth with fewer exposures to online racism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings are among the first to illustrate the varied experiences of online racism among Black and Latine youth and the first to support that RI beliefs, particularly private regard beliefs, may serve as a protective factor against the adverse effects of online racism on PTSS, particularly for those with lower exposure levels. This has the potential to influence practice and policy interventions aimed at treating and addressing PTSS among Black and Latine youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}