Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Response styles to positive affect during a positive psychology intervention for veterans with PTSD and moral injury: Preliminary results from a moral elevation intervention pilot trial.","authors":"Adam P McGuire, Madeline Rodenbaugh, Binh An N Howard, Ateka A Contractor","doi":"10.1037/tra0001774","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or moral injury are at risk of maladaptive response styles to positive emotions, such as emotional numbing. A potential pathway to target problematic responses to positive affect is a positive psychology intervention that elicits moral elevation-feeling inspired after witnessing someone perform a virtuous act. This study aims to examine responses to positive affect in a pilot trial of a web-based moral elevation intervention titled, <i>MOVED: Moral Elevation Online Intervention for Veterans Experiencing Distress Related to PTSD and Moral Injury.</i> Method: Veterans who reported moral injury distress and probable PTSD were randomized into an intervention or control condition (<i>n</i> = 48). We examined repeated measures data during the trial and focused on three subscales of the Response to Positive Affect Questionnaire: rumination on positive mood and somatic experiences (emotion-focus), rumination on positive aspects of the self and pursuit of relevant goals (self-focus), and efforts to dampen positive moods (dampening). Three multilevel models were fitted with time and condition as predictors and subscale scores as outcomes. Qualitative data reported at intervention sessions was also reviewed and coded based on the three subscales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Veterans in the MOVED condition reported more positive rumination than the control condition for both emotion-focus (<i>b</i> = 2.70, <i>p</i> = .023) and self-focus styles (<i>b</i> = 2.90, <i>p</i> = .003). There was no group difference in the dampening style. Qualitative responses after elevation-eliciting exercises and session-based goals were most frequently coded as including emotion-focused positive rumination, followed by dampening, then self-focused rumination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results provide preliminary evidence that a moral elevation intervention might contribute to positive responses to positive affect in a sample predisposed to emotional numbing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"457-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 in differentiating genuine from feigned dissociative identity disorder.","authors":"Tilbe Ambrose, Kathleen J Giarratano, Matthew L McCue, Bethany L Brand, Constance J Dalenberg","doi":"10.1037/tra0001611","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to determine the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in accurately distinguishing genuine dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients from coached and uncoached DID simulators.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>DID patients (<i>n</i> = 34) who were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for <i>DSM-IV</i>-Dissociative Disorders were recruited from inpatient and outpatient settings. Coached (<i>n</i> = 25) and uncoached (<i>n</i> = 64) simulator groups were recruited from a Mid-Atlantic university. All participants completed the MMPI-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMPI-2 validity scales reliably distinguished simulators from DID patients with high sensitivity (0.95) and specificity (0.97). The scales showing greatest promise making the distinction were F minus K index, back infrequency scale, and superlative self-presentation. Simulators and genuine DID patients also differed in their pattern of symptoms. All results were calculated with White female DID patients and simulators only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genuine DID patients can be differentiated from simulators. Simulators appear to overweight symptoms of paranoia and alienation relative to mood and somatic symptoms. Further research is needed to generalize these findings to male and non-White populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social connectedness and well-being among Black women who experienced adolescent sexual trauma.","authors":"Uma Balaji, Irene Tung, Candice Norcott, Kate Keenan, Alison E Hipwell","doi":"10.1037/tra0001729","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual violence disproportionately impacts Black girls and women in the United States. The literature documents the long-term mental health outcomes of childhood sexual trauma, but research on resilience-promoting factors for Black women survivors of such trauma is sparse. The present study tests hypotheses about the influence of Black girls' social connectedness (e.g., with mothers, peers, and racial/ethnic community) on the association between adolescent sexual trauma and early adulthood well-being.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 850 Black girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Girls reported prospectively and retrospectively on experiences of sexual trauma between ages 13 and 17. Annual assessments of social connectedness comprised reports of closeness with mother, peer social self-worth, and belonging/affirmation in racial/ethnic identity. In early adulthood (ages 18-21), participants reported on psychological flourishing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 10% (<i>N</i> = 83) of participants reported having experienced sexual trauma during adolescence. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that adolescent sexual trauma predicted lower psychological flourishing, whereas peer social self-worth and belonging in racial/ethnic identity predicted higher psychological flourishing in early adulthood. Tests of moderation revealed no significant effects of social connectedness on the association between adolescent sexual trauma and later psychological flourishing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that Black women survivors of adolescent sexual trauma may experience lower psychological flourishing than those without histories of such trauma and support the importance of multiple domains of social connectedness for Black adolescent girls, in general. However, further research is needed on race- and gender-specific contextual factors that enable Black women survivors of sexual trauma to thrive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"249-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and concordance of International Classification of Diseases-11th Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fifth Edition posttraumatic stress diagnostics among Northern Irish military veterans.","authors":"Martin Robinson, Maj Hansen, Chérie Armour","doi":"10.1037/tra0001638","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are two primary competing diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); the <i>International Classification of Diseases (ICD)</i> and the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).</i> These systems differ in terms of the number and nature of PTSD symptoms, the implied latent structure of the disorder, and associated posttraumatic diagnostic classifications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and concordance of <i>ICD-11th Revision (ICD-11)</i> and <i>DSM-Fifth Edition (DSM-5)</i> PTSD, complex-PTSD (C-PTSD), and dissociative subtype of PTSD (D-PTSD) criteria in a sample of Northern Irish military veterans.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Data were collected from a community sample of military veterans living in Northern Ireland (NI). Prevalence rates of <i>ICD-11</i> PTSD and C-PTSD and <i>DSM-5</i> PTSD and D-PTSD were estimated using validated self-report measures for each system. Concordance of caseness determined by diagnostic criteria was compared using Cohen's kappa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>DSM-5</i> algorithm criteria produced significantly higher prevalence estimates of PTSD (39.26%) relative to the <i>ICD-11</i> algorithm criteria (32.09%). Both C-PTSD and D-PTSD were identified for subgroups within the sample (24.66% and 27.96%, respectively). There was moderate agreement between the diagnostic systems regarding PTSD caseness, and between C-PTSD and D-PTSD caseness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings have implications regarding the measurement of PTSD and associated diagnostic groupings for the wider literature, suggesting that the choice of diagnostic screening framework may influence classification. Both C-PTSD and D-PTSD may be relevant diagnostic considerations for the NI military veteran group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"396-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between posttraumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety, and rumination among adolescents: Disentangling within-person and between-person associations.","authors":"Yingying Ye, Yifan Li, Xinchun Wu, Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1037/tra0001721","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and separation anxiety often show high comorbidity after trauma, which complicates the course of disease and treatment response. However, it is unclear how PTSD and separation anxiety comorbidity occur. According to the cognitive model of PTSD, rumination may be a key cognitive process linking the two constructs. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relation between PTSD and separation anxiety and to assess the mediating role of rumination in this relation among adolescents after trauma.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A follow-up survey was conducted among 204 adolescent survivors of the Ya'an earthquake, at 6 months (T1), 12 months (T2), and 18 months (T3). A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used for data analysis to disentangle within-person dynamics from stable between-person differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that at the within-person level, PTSD increased separation anxiety via rumination, and early PTSD further exacerbated later PTSD through increased rumination and separation anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the mediating role of rumination, elucidate the relation between PTSD and separation anxiety, and provide theoretical support for the development of transdiagnostic clinical interventions and treatments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS).","authors":"Cristian Di Gesto, Marta Spinoni, Caterina Grano","doi":"10.1037/tra0001728","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS) assesses postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (5th ed.) criteria. Although it has been validated worldwide, predictive validity has not been previously examined. Moreover, no Italian version of the scale exists. This study aimed to test the bifactor latent structure and alternative models, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and predictive validity of the City BiTS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Women (<i>N</i> = 629) who had given birth within the past 3 months completed an online survey including sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, the City BiTS, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. After 3 months, women completed the City BiTS again and reported their intention to breastfeed during the 1-year postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the two-factorial structure. In confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factorial solution showed the best model fit. Internal consistency was good to excellent for the subscales and the total scale. Correlation analyses showed strong convergent validity with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, high divergent validity with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, high test-retest reliability, and good predictive validity with the intention to exclusively breastfeed. Moreover, the Birth-Related Symptoms subscale distinguished between different types of delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The City BiTS-Italian is the first measure evaluating and diagnosing childbirth-related PTSD symptoms based on <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (5th ed.) in Italy. The factorial structure and validity reported in other cultural contexts were confirmed; moreover, findings add evidence to the scale's temporal stability and predictive validity. Besides contributing to clinical purposes, the City BiTS-Italian will facilitate international comparability regarding the prevalence of PTSD following childbirth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"341-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic growth and depreciation in military veterans: A gender-stratified latent profile analysis.","authors":"Line Rønning, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Frederick Anyan, Odin Hjemdal, Hans Jakob Bøe","doi":"10.1037/tra0001759","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Over the past few decades, there has been a substantial increase of interest worldwide in how trauma can cause posttraumatic changes such as posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD), and whether there exist gender-specific patterns of such changes. Despite the increase in interest, no studies have yet examined PTG and PTD in gender stratified models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Latent profile analysis was used to explore PTG and PTD using the Posttraumatic Change Scale-Short Form in a gender stratified sample of Afghanistan veterans (<i>n</i> = 6,205, 8.3% females). Associations between profiles and predictors (trauma type), and outcome variables (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms) were explored using R3STEP and Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars procedures in Mplus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A three-profile model was found to be the best fitting model for female veterans, while a five-profile model was optimal for the male veterans, indicating there are gender-specific patterns in posttraumatic change. For both females and males, higher loads of trauma exposure were associated with conforming to the depreciation profiles, however, growth-related profiles also reported more trauma experiences than the no-change profile. Belonging to the depreciation profiles was associated with higher symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress for both female and male veterans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A person may experience posttraumatic depreciation in one life domain, and at the same time growth in another. Male and female veterans differ in their unique profiles of posttraumatic change. Awareness of idiosyncratic profiles of growth and depreciation may improve postdeployment support and intervention strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"446-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of laboratory-based positive and negative emotional suppression in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters.","authors":"Reina Kiefer, Emmanuel D Thomas, Elijah R Lawrence, Silvi C Goldstein, Katherine L Dixon-Gordon, Nicole H Weiss","doi":"10.1037/tra0001644","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emotional suppression is a clinically significant aspect of emotion regulation with robust associations to psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the fast-growing body of literature highlighting the role of positive emotion regulation difficulties in the development and maintenance of PTSD, extant work on emotional suppression and PTSD has almost exclusively focused on the role of negative emotions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to advance this literature by examining the associations between PTSD symptom clusters and participants' use of state emotional suppression during a laboratory task designed to elicit negative or positive emotions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 108 community women (<i>M</i>_age = 39.55; 33% Black/African American) currently experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) by a male partner and using substances. Participants were interviewed using a structured diagnostic assessment for PTSD and reported on state emotional intensity and emotional suppression following idiographic negative or positive emotion inductions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of the moderation analyses showed that, when controlling for state emotional intensity, women experiencing clinical levels of PTSD symptom Clusters B (intrusive recollections), D (negative alterations in cognitions and mood), and E (alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significantly more likely to utilize emotional suppression, but only in the context of positive-not negative-emotions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide evidence for a link between PTSD and positive emotional suppression among women currently experiencing IPV by a male partner and using substances, highlighting positive emotional suppression as a potential target in PTSD treatment for IPV populations with comorbid substance use concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"298-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11291717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Black and Latino sexual minority men's perspectives on assessment of sexual history in diverse health care settings.","authors":"Martin J Downing, Ellen Benoit, Jeffrey T Steen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001662","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This exploratory analysis aims to understand conditions under which cisgender Black and Latino sexual minority men (SMM) would be willing to share potentially abusive childhood sexual experiences with health care providers. Black and Latino SMM may be overrepresented among childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors, but some abusive experiences are appraised as consensual due to cultural pressures, leading to underreporting and a delay in identification and treatment. Prior research highlights the importance of screening for sexual abuse histories in primary care and substance use treatment settings, though studies indicate that such assessments rarely occur.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 61 cisgender Black and Latino SMM who reported sexual experiences in childhood that met criteria for CSA. Interviews explored men's experiences with and attitudes toward sexual history taking in diverse health care settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents felt that providers should assess sexual history and be aware of prior abuse. Barriers to disclosure included perceived provider bias and insincerity and concerns that provider characteristics (e.g., gender) might limit their ability to understand a client's experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that a trauma-informed approach to the assessment of sexual histories should consider that patients' current physical and mental states may be (in)directly linked to earlier, traumatic events and that intersecting identities (e.g., gender and race) could influence men's willingness to share their histories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"245-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective stability of memory for peritraumatic dissociation and anxiety: Replication and extension examining PTSD treatment modality and response.","authors":"Gabrielle M Gauthier, Emma K PeConga, Jenna L Mohr, Norah C Feeny, Lori A Zoellner","doi":"10.1037/tra0001790","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Retrospective memory for peritraumatic reactions occurring during or immediately after trauma exposure may decrease in intensity for some over treatment. This may be due to psychotherapy-specific memory processes, such as repeated accessing of the trauma memory. Additionally, it may be that recovery drives changes in memory for these experiences. Critical to examining these hypotheses is an effective control treatment that reduces symptoms but does not directly involve repeated retrieval of the trauma memory, such as pharmacotherapy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a sample of 200 individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, retrospective memory for dissociation and anxiety occurring around the index traumatic event (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, Marmar et al., 1997; Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, Cardeña et al., 2000) was assessed before and after treatment in a randomized clinical trial (NCT00127673) comparing prolonged exposure and sertraline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported that their memory for dissociation and anxiety at the time of the trauma was less intense at posttreatment (<i>d</i> = 0.26-0.64). There was no difference between prolonged exposure and sertraline on these memory indices. However, treatment responders, using a clinically meaningful change cutoff score, remembered their reactions at the time of the trauma as less dissociative (<i>d</i> = 0.66) and less anxious (<i>d</i> = 1.19) at posttreatment than nonresponders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retrospective memory for the intensity of reactions experienced at the time of the traumatic event decreased from pre- to posttreatment, with effects most pronounced for those who made clinically meaningful gains in treatment. Inclusion of a nonpsychotherapy intervention control argues that recovery processes may explain these shifts and point to potential mood-dependent memory effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}