Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Traumatic life events, everyday discrimination, and posttraumatic symptoms among sexual minority men.","authors":"Mike C Parent, Andrew S Arriaga, Jackie Yang, Melanie E Brewster","doi":"10.1037/tra0001769","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Experiences of everyday discrimination are linked with mental health issues for sexual minority individuals, including posttraumatic symptoms (PTS), yet it is unclear whether experiences of discrimination are linked with PTS after accounting for the influence of traumatic life events. This study sought to increase understanding of the link between everyday discrimination and PTS, among sexual minority men.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 290 gay men living in the United States completed an online survey including measures of traumatic life events, everyday discrimination, and PTS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regressions supported a link between everyday discrimination and meeting the cutoff for PTS, after accounting for traumatic life events. Furthermore, everyday discrimination was linked with higher scores on all symptom clusters of PTS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study results provide support for a link between everyday discrimination and PTS at levels exceeding clinical cutoffs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbid trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms in a 10-year cohort of Chinese Wenchuan earthquake survivors: Course, predictors, and consequences.","authors":"Xiao-Yan Chen, Dongfang Wang, Andrew Scherffius, Xuliang Shi, Anqi Wang, Xinhui Hu, Fang Fan","doi":"10.1037/tra0001619","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Survivors may suffer mental health problems following disasters, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. However, few studies have explored longitudinal processes of co-occurring PTSD and depressive symptoms among adolescent survivors and their associated predictors and consequences. The present study examines the codevelopment of both symptoms postearthquake using a 10-year cohort.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 1,357 senior high school students reported PTSD and depressive symptoms at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Self-report measures were also used to evaluate earthquake exposure, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience. At the 10-year follow-up (T10y), 799 participants reported their quality of life (QoL) online and 744 of them provided available data. A parallel-process latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectories. Multinominal logistic and linear regressions were used, respectively, to analyze the predictors and consequences of these trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three comorbid trajectories were found: a resilient group (56.7%), a vulnerable group (33.3%), and a chronic high-risk group (9.9%). Gender, injury/missing/killed of family members, witnessing of traumatic sciences, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience were significant predictors of vulnerable and chronic high-risk groups. Finally, adolescents in these two groups were more likely to experience poorer QoL in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results highlight the heterogeneity of depression-PTSD comorbidities among adolescent survivors. They also emphasize PTSD-depression symptoms predictors and their adverse impacts on life outcomes in adulthood. Individualized interventions should be provided for adolescents affected by natural disasters, especially those in the vulnerable and higher risk groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More fear reduction, better posttraumatic stress symptoms resilience: 1 year longitudinal study based on the psychological trauma recover project-5-6.","authors":"Yanpu Jia, Lili Wu, Chenqi Xing, Xiong Ni, Hui Ouyang, Wenjie Yan, Yaoguang Zhou, Jing Wang, Jingye Zhan, Zhilei Shang, Weizhi Liu","doi":"10.1037/tra0001674","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The outbreak of COVID-19 not only raised public health concerns but also caused tremendous psychological distress. Deficits in fear played a role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We aimed to investigate the relationship between fear and PTSS during COVID-19 at two points.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The questionnaire at the first time of investigation (T1) was conducted through WeChat or phone from January 30, 2020 to February 25, 2020 as part of the psychological trauma recover project-5-6 in China. And the questionnaire at the second time of investigation (T2) was collected from March 17, 2021 to June 17, 2021. After 12 months, data from 150 participants were included in the final analysis. Fear was measured by a self-reported question. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for <i>DSM-5</i> (PCL-5) was designed to assess PTSS. Pearson correlation, multivariate regression analysis, and multiple mediator model were used as statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fear reduced significantly over time. Participants with higher fear presented worse PTSS in both T1 and T2. Positive correlations between fear and PTSS of participants were found over time. Occupation and change of fear are significant predictors in the severity of PTSS over time. Change of fear partially mediated the relationship between the PCL-5 total score in T1 and the development of PTSS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fear reduction was beneficial to trauma resilience. Future interventions could be developed to reduce excessive fear in facing natural disasters or following epidemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"177-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health care utilization, productivity losses, and burden of adverse childhood experiences in Singapore: Findings from a national survey.","authors":"Jianlin Liu, Bernard Chin Wee Tan, Edimansyah Abdin, Yeleswarapu Sita Padmini, Jean Yin Oh, Siow Ann Chong, Mythily Subramaniam","doi":"10.1037/tra0001691","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is poor understanding on health care utilization, productivity losses, and burden of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in multiethnic Asian populations. Part of this research gap stems from the limited epidemiological data on neglect, emotional abuse, bullying, and dysfunctional home environments. This study estimated health care utilization, productivity losses, and burden of ACEs (at least one exposure and multiple exposures) in Singapore.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 4,441 adult residents were recruited via door-to-door surveys in a nationally representative study in Singapore. All participants were assessed for ACEs, health care utilization, productivity losses, chronic physical disorders, and mental disorders on structured interviews. Approximation formulas were applied to calculate the estimated cost of ACEs in Singapore.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ACEs were prevalent (63.9%) in the Singapore population. Individuals exposed to ≥ 3 ACEs (13.1%) utilized more direct medical care (e.g., primary care doctor and accident and emergency visits) and experienced greater productivity losses than those without ACEs (36.1%). The adjusted excess costs associated with ACEs per person were estimated to be S$767.40 (at least one ACE; 63.9%) and S$2167.84 (≥ 3 ACEs; 13.1%). The adjusted incremental costs of ACEs in the Singapore population were estimated to be S$1.18 billion (at least one ACE) and S$680 million (≥ 3 ACEs) per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The health and economic burden of ACEs is substantial in Singapore. Our results highlight the importance of investing in novel, population-based ACEs interventions, and the potential return on investment through preventive care and alleviation of the health care burden. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social determinants of violence against adolescent married women and how the women respond to it: A qualitative study in the Kurdish areas of Iran.","authors":"Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Mandana Saki, Darya Madineh, Arash Ziapour, Ahmad Ahmadi, Ali Torabi","doi":"10.1037/tra0001672","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is crucial to identify the factors that influence violence against women, one of Iran's most significant health and social issues. Thus, the purpose of this research is to explore the social determinants of violence against adolescent married women and how the women respond to it in the Kurdish areas of Iran via a qualitative approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and the conventional content analysis method among 33 married adolescent women who experienced violence and key informants in the Kurdish areas of Iran. Targeted and snowball sampling were used to reach the participants, and semistructured interviews were used to collect data. In order to improve the quality of the research results, Guba and Lincoln criteria were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four categories, 18 subcategories, and 195 codes were obtained from the data analysis: (a) sociocultural factors (beliefs dictated by cultural norms, fatalism, incomplete social support, and weakness of the law), (b) family factors (the prevalence of silence in the face of violence, the existence of a model of violence and aggression in families, and inappropriate conditions of the husband), (c) individual factors (strong dependence on the husband, unstable position, low self-confidence, not having enough sexual skills, not having enough skills in interpersonal relationships, and too much insistence on continuing married life), and (d) reactions from the victims (silence and concealment, seeking support, tolerance, confrontation, and revenge).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Violence against adolescent married women is influenced by various sociocultural, family, and individual factors, and women react differently to the violence of their husbands, the most common of which is silence and concealment. Therefore, prevention of this phenomenon requires individual, family, social, and cultural interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"154-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Mozambique: Validation of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (PC-PTSD-5).","authors":"Luciana J Massinga, M Claire Greene, Cristiane S Duarte, Flávio Mandlate, Palmira F Santos, Lídia Gouveia, Maria A Oquendo, Marcelo Feijo Mello, Milton L Wainberg","doi":"10.1037/tra0001806","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The confluence of conflict-, climate-, and public health-related emergencies in Mozambique increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few brief screening tools for PTSD have been validated in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to validate the five-item Primary Care PTSD Screen for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (5th ed.; <i>DSM-5</i>), the PC-PTSD-5 in Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study recruited 957 participants who completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) and PC-PTSD-5, a convenience sample from primary and tertiary care settings in Maputo, Mozambique. Participants were administered a diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders and the PC-PTSD-5 screening tool. We evaluated the criterion validity of the PC-PTSD-5 concerning the MINI-Plus diagnosis of PTSD, the internal construct validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis and Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20), discriminant validity of the PC-PTSD-5 in comparison to other common mental disorder and suicide risk screening tools, and measurement invariance of selected cutoffs by age, sex, and comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency of the PC-PTSD-5 was high (KR-20 = 0.837), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a single PTSD factor fits the data well. PC-PTSD-5 items were moderately correlated with other psychiatric symptoms. Criterion validity analyses revealed that a cutoff score of 3 provided high specificity (0.833) and moderate sensitivity (0.673). This cutoff score performed optimally across age and gender; however, a cutoff score of 2 was preferred if the participant had no psychiatric comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Screening with the PC-PTSD-5 may facilitate case detection and linkages to appropriate treatment for individuals affected by potentially traumatic events in Mozambique. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opponent intrinsic brain network connectivity profiles associated with posttraumatic fear and dysphoria symptoms in trauma-exposed refugees.","authors":"Belinda J Liddell, Pritha Das, Gin S Malhi, Kim L Felmingham, Tim Outhred, Jessica Cheung, Miriam Den, Angela Nickerson, Mirjana Askovic, Jorge Aroche, Mariano Coello, Richard A Bryant","doi":"10.1037/tra0001608","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies report functional alterations in the connectivity between intrinsic brain networks in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but PTSD heterogeneity is rarely considered. Evidence points to fear (e.g., reexperiencing) and dysphoria (e.g., withdrawal) symptom factors as important in PTSD presentations, including relating to variable emotion dysregulation patterns. This study, therefore, tested how fear and dysphoria posttraumatic symptoms were differentially associated with core network connectivity and emotion dysregulation behaviors in a large group of trauma-exposed refugees.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A final sample of 77 trauma-exposed participants completed a rsfMRI scan. Independent component analysis identified active networks and functional network connectivity (FNC) between networks was assessed. Fear and dysphoria posttraumatic symptoms were partially correlated with FNCs, and linear regression models examined relationships with self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three active networks were identified, eight being in the networks of interest (<i>p</i> < .05 false discovery rate-corrected). Fear and dysphoria symptoms were specifically related to connectivity patterns between two subnetworks of the default mode network (DMN). Fear symptoms were negatively associated with anterior dorsomedial DMN (admDMN) and temporoparietal DMN (tpDMN) connectivity; whereas dysphoria symptoms were positively associated with admDMN-tpDMN connectivity. Additionally, admDMN-tpDMN connectivity was positively predicted by goal-directed emotion dysregulation but negatively predicted by poor emotional clarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fear and dysphoria posttraumatic symptoms showed opponent associations with admDMN and tpDMN connectivity, potentially reflecting patterns of under- and overemotion dysregulation associated with these symptom profiles respectively. Findings highlight the importance of considering posttraumatic heterogeneity when constructing neural models of PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71426402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PTSD symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicidal risk among university students: The role of shame.","authors":"Savannah J Woller, Joseph W Boffa, Andres G Viana, Brian J Albanese, Anka A Vujanovic","doi":"10.1037/tra0001829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide is a major public health concern and the third leading cause of death for people aged 15-24. In recent years, suicidal ideation and behaviors among university students have increased. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-established factor related to suicidal ideation, behaviors, and risk across populations. It is important to understand cognitive-affective mechanisms related to the association of PTSD and suicidal ideation to inform evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts. Shame, defined as an intense negative emotion involving feelings of inferiority, powerlessness, and self-consciousness, has been identified as both a predictor and correlate of suicidal ideation and behaviors as well as PTSD symptom severity. To date, the literature exploring the role of shame in PTSD-suicide risk associations has been focused on military samples, and no studies have evaluated these associations among university students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study examined the association of PTSD symptomatology with suicidal ideation and suicide risk through shame among trauma-exposed university students. The sample included 1,497 university students (Mage = 21.3 years, SD = 4.35) who endorsed exposure to at least one potentially traumatic event.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that shame exerted a significant indirect effect on the association of PTSD symptomatology with (a) suicidal ideation (β = .021, 95% CI [.015, .026]) and (b) suicide risk (β = .032, 95% CI [.022, .043]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research has the potential to advance university mental health outreach programs and policy by informing clinically relevant content for intervention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":"17 1","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterans who focus on sexual assault trauma show slower between-session habituation and symptom reduction during prolonged exposure treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Jane Park, Christopher Hunt, Kira Abirgas, Jessica Bomyea, Peter J Colvonen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001536","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prolonged exposure (PE) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but veterans with sexual assault (SA) trauma often discontinue it prematurely. Elevated dropout rates may be due to SA triggering more intense and complex emotions that are more difficult to habituate during imaginal exposures; SA during PE has yet to be examined as a moderator of distress habituation or symptom reduction.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were <i>N</i> = 65 veterans (<i>n</i> = 12 SA treatment focus; <i>n</i> = 10 SA history but not treatment focus; <i>n</i> = 43 no SA history) enrolled in a clinical trial of a preparatory sleep intervention followed by PE. The sample was representative of the veteran population. Growth curve modeling was used to examine differences in peak subjective units of distress scale (SUDS) ratings across imaginal exposures and changes in biweekly PTSD symptom assessments between veterans who did versus did not focus on SA during PE and between veterans who did versus did not endorse a history of SA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak SUDS ratings and PTSD symptoms declined slower among veterans who focused on an SA trauma relative to those who did not. In contrast, participants who endorsed SA history showed similar declines in distress and PTSD symptoms relative to veterans with no SA history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterans who focus on SA during PE may take longer to habituate to trauma content and experience resolution of PTSD symptoms. Awareness of this pattern could allow clinicians to deliver PE more effectively to veterans focusing on an SA trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10037591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective roles of coping self-efficacy and social support for posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Christina X Korth, Gregory C Gibson, Anthony Vander Horst, Kimberly Cleveland, Joel W Hughes","doi":"10.1037/tra0001658","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the roles of social support and coping self-efficacy (CSE) in attenuating posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among a nonclinical university student sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 610; 59% female) completed questionaries assessing psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) at baseline and 6-month follow-up, and social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12), CSE Scale, and PTS symptoms (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) at 6 months. A path analysis was conducted using SPSS Amos to examine the direct and indirect pathways from psychological distress to PTS symptoms that are accounted for by social support and CSE, controlling for gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All direct effects in the path analysis were significant except for the relationship between social support and PTS symptoms. Notably, CSE was directly related to PTS symptoms (CSE: β = -.30, <i>p</i> < .001). There was a significant indirect effect of early psychological distress on PTS symptoms 6 months into the pandemic through social support and CSE (β = .14, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with higher levels of social support are more likely to have greater confidence in their coping capabilities, which helps to explain PTS symptom severity after controlling for initial levels of psychological distress and gender. These findings suggest that following a potentially traumatic event, CSE may be one factor to screen for to better identify individuals who are at higher risk for significant psychological difficulties and may benefit from interventions that bolster protective factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"168-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}