Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"The pre-Bötzinger complex is necessary for the expression of inspiratory and post-inspiratory motor discharge of the vagus","authors":"Rishi R. Dhingra ,&nbsp;Werner I. Furuya ,&nbsp;Yi Kee Yoong ,&nbsp;Mathias Dutschmann","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The mammalian three-phase respiratory motor pattern of inspiration, post-inspiration and expiration is expressed in spinal and cranial motor nerve discharge and is generated by a distributed ponto-medullary respiratory pattern<span> generating network. Respiratory motor pattern generation depends on a rhythmogenic kernel located within the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC). In the present study, we tested the effect of unilateral and bilateral inactivation of the pre-BötC after local microinjection of the GABA</span></span>_A<span><span> receptor agonist isoguvacine<span> (10 mM, 50 nl) on phrenic (PNA), hypoglossal (HNA) and vagal nerve (VNA) respiratory motor activities in an in situ perfused brainstem preparation of rats. Bilateral inactivation of the pre-BötC triggered cessation of phrenic (PNA), hypoglossal (HNA) and vagal (VNA) </span></span>nerve activities<span> for 15–20 min. Ipsilateral isoguvacine injections into the pre-BötC triggered transient (6–8 min) cessation of inspiratory and post-inspiratory VNA (p &lt; 0.001) and suppressed inspiratory HNA by − 70 ± 15% (p &lt; 0.01), while inspiratory PNA burst frequency increased by 46 ± 30% (p &lt; 0.01). Taken together, these observations confirm the role of the pre-BötC as the rhythmogenic kernel of the mammalian respiratory network in situ and highlight a significant role for the pre-BötC in the transmission of vagal inspiratory and post-inspiratory pre-motor drive to the nucleus ambiguus.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138482911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between Kölliker-Fuse/A7 and the parafacial respiratory region on the control of respiratory regulation","authors":"Luiz M. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thiago S. Moreira ,&nbsp;Ana C. Takakura","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Respiration is regulated by various types of neurons located in the pontine-medullary regions. The Kölliker-Fuse (KF)/A7 noradrenergic neurons play a role in modulating the inspiratory cycle by influencing the respiratory output. These neurons are interconnected and may also project to brainstem<span> and spinal cord, potentially involved in regulating the post-inspiratory phase. In the present study, we hypothesize that the parafacial (pF) neurons, in conjunction with adrenergic mechanisms originating from the KF/A7 region, may provide the neurophysiological basis for breathing modulation. We conducted experiments using urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, and artificially ventilated male Wistar rats. Injection of L-glutamate into the KF/A7 region resulted in inhibition of inspiratory activity, and a prolonged and high-amplitude genioglossal activity (GG</span></span>_EMG). Blockade of the α₁<span> adrenergic receptors (α</span>₁<span>-AR) or the ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in the pF region decrease the activity of the GG</span>_EMG without affecting inspiratory cessation. In contrast, blockade of α₂-AR in the pF region extended the duration of GG activity. Notably, the inspiratory and GG_EMG activities induced by KF/A7 stimulation were completely blocked by bilateral blockade of glutamatergic receptors in the Bötzinger complex (BötC). While our study found a limited role for α₁ and α₂<span> adrenergic receptors at the pF level in modulating the breathing response to KF/A7 stimulation, it became evident that BötC neurons are responsible for the respiratory effects induced by KF/A7 stimulation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Attenuates Noradrenergic Innervation of Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus","authors":"Rachael Herlihy, Leonardo Frasson Dos Reis, A. Gvritishvili, Maya Kvizhinadze, Elizabeth Dybas, Atul Malhotra, V. Fenik, I. Rukhadze","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2023.104206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and responsiveness of airway impedance measures derived from the forced oscillation technique across different operating lung volumes","authors":"Craig R. Aitken ,&nbsp;Girish Pathangey ,&nbsp;Mathew Stamos ,&nbsp;Chul-Ho Kim ,&nbsp;Bruce D. Johnson ,&nbsp;Glenn M. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The forced oscillation technique (FOT) enables non-invasive measurement of respiratory system impedance. Limited data exists on how changes in operating lung volume (OLV) impact FOT-derived measures of airway resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs).</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study examined the reproducibility and responsiveness of FOT-derived measures of Rrs and Xrs during simulated changes in OLV.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants simulated breathing at six OLVs: total lung capacity (TLC), ∼50% of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV₅₀), ∼two-times tidal volume (VT₂), tidal volume (VT), ∼50% of expiratory reserve volume (ERV₅₀), and residual volume (RV), on a commercially available FOT device. Each simulated OLV manuever was performed in triplicate and in random order. Total Rrs and Xrs were recorded at 5, 11, and 19 Hz.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twelve healthy participants (2 female) completed the study (weight: 76.5 ± 13.6 kg, height: 178.6 ± 9.7 cm, body mass index: 23.9 ± 3.1 kg/m²). Reproducibility of Rrs and Xrs at VT, VT₂ and IRV₅₀ was good to excellent (Range: ICC: 0.89–0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.98), while reproducibility at TLC, RV, and ERV₅₀ was poor to excellent (Range: ICC: 0.60–0.98, 95% CI: 0.36–0.97). Rrs and Xrs were not different between VT and VT₂ at any frequency (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). With lung hyperinflation from VT to TLC, Rrs and Xrs decreased at all three frequencies (e.g., At 5 Hz Rrs: mean difference (MD): − 0.89, 95%CI: − 0.03 to − 1.75, <em>P</em> = .04; Xrs: MD: − 0.56, 95%CI: − 0.25 to − 0.86, <em>P</em> &lt; .01). With lung hypoinflated from VT to RV, Rrs increased, and Xrs decreased for all frequencies (e.g., MD at 5 Hz, Rrs: MD: 2.31, 95%CI: 0.94–3.67, <em>P</em> &lt; .01; Xrs: MD: −2.53, 95%CI: −4.02 to −1.04, <em>P</em> &lt; .01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>FOT-derived measures of airway Rrs and Xrs are reproducible across a range of OLV’s, and are responsive to hyper- and hypo-inflation of the lung. To further understand the impact of lung hyper- and hypo-inflation on FOT-derived airway impedance additional study is required in individuals with pathological variations in operating lung volume.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156990482300188X/pdfft?md5=7d0891985bf465877d1164d80ae90fc7&pid=1-s2.0-S156990482300188X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect cardiac output assessment in a swine pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome model","authors":"Lorenzo A. Miller ,&nbsp;Rudolf K. Braun ,&nbsp;Regina J. Golding ,&nbsp;Michael Lasarev ,&nbsp;Allison C. Rodgers ,&nbsp;Sarah El-Meanawy ,&nbsp;Timothy A. Hacker ,&nbsp;Marlowe W. Eldridge ,&nbsp;Awni M. Al-Subu","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate the correlation between volume of carbon dioxide elimination (V̇CO₂) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO₂<span><span>) with cardiac output (CO) in a swine pediatric </span>acute respiratory distress syndrome </span><strong>(</strong>ARDS) model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were collected from twenty-six mechanically ventilated juvenile pigs under </span>general anesthesia before and after inducing ARDS, using </span>oleic acid infusion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Prior to ARDS induction, mean (SD) CO, V̇CO₂, PETCO₂<span>, and dead space to tidal volume ratio (V</span>_d/V_t) were 4.16 (1.10) L/min, 103.69 (18.06) ml/min, 40.72 (3.88) mmHg and 0.25 (0.09) respectively. Partial correlation coefficients between average CO, V̇CO₂, and PETCO₂ were 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.69) and 0.50 (0.18–0.74), respectively. After ARDS induction, mean CO, V̇CO₂, PETCO₂, and V_d/V_t were 3.33 (0.97) L/min, 113.71 (22.97) ml/min, 50.17 (9.73) mmHg and 0.40 (0.08). Partial correlations between CO and V̇CO₂ was 0.01 (−0.31 to 0.37) and between CO and PETCO₂ was 0.35 (−0.002 to 0.65).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>ARDS may limit the utility of volumetric capnography to monitor CO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138434929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory coupling is associated with exercise capacity in athletes: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Raphael Martins de Abreu ,&nbsp;Beatrice Cairo ,&nbsp;Patricia Rehder-Santos ,&nbsp;Claudio Donisete da Silva ,&nbsp;Étore De Favari Signini ,&nbsp;Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos ,&nbsp;Camila Akemi Sakaguchi ,&nbsp;Aparecida Maria Catai ,&nbsp;Alberto Porta","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine the association between exercise capacity based on peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak<span>) and resting cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) levels in athletes and non-athletes’ subjects.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>A cross-sectional study was carried out in 42 apparently healthy male subjects, aged between 20 and 40 years old. The participants were allocated into athletes (n = 21) and non-athletes (n = 21) groups. Resting electrocardiogram and respiratory movement (RESP) were simultaneously acquired during 15 min in </span>supine position and quiet breathing. The beat-to-beat heart period (HP) and RESP series were determined from the recorded signals. Traditional analysis of HP based on frequency domain indexes was performed considering the high-frequency (0.15 – 0.45 Hz) components. To compute the CRC, the linear association between HP and RESP series was determined via squared coherence function and directionality of interaction was investigated through the causal extension of this approach. The exercise capacity was assessed through incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing in order to determine the VO</span>_2peak.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Traditional analysis of HP based on high-frequency index was not correlated with exercise capacity in the athletes (r = −0.1, <em>p</em> = 0.5) and non-athletes (r = −0.1, <em>p</em> = 0.3) cohorts. However, resting CRC values was associated with exercise capacity in athletes (r = 0.4, p = 0.03), but not in the non-athletes group (r = −0.2, <em>p</em> = 0.3).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results suggest that improved resting values of CRC is associated with higher exercise capacity (VO_2peak) in endurance athletes. Moreover, frequency domain of HP was not sensitive to identifying this relationship, probably because effects of training on parasympathetic modulation might be affected by respiratory dynamics, and this influence has a directionality (i.e., from RESP to HP).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vivo optogenetic identification and electrophysiology of glycinergic neurons in pre-Bötzinger complex of mice","authors":"Behnam Vafadari ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Oku ,&nbsp;Charlotte Tacke ,&nbsp;Ali Harb ,&nbsp;Swen Hülsmann","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Breathing requires distinct patterns of neuronal activity in the </span>brainstem. The most critical part of the neuronal network responsible for </span>respiratory rhythm generation<span> is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), located in the ventrolateral medulla. This area contains both rhythmogenic glutamatergic neurons and also a high number of inhibitory neurons. Here, we aimed to analyze the activity of </span></span>glycinergic neurons in the preBötC in anesthetized mice. To identify inhibitory neurons, we used a </span>transgenic mouse<span> line that allows expression of Channelrhodopsin<span> 2 in glycinergic neurons. Using juxtacellular recordings and optogenetic<span> activation via a single recording electrode, we were able to identify neurons as inhibitory and define their activity pattern in relation to the breathing rhythm. We could show that the activity pattern of glycinergic respiratory neurons in the preBötC was heterogeneous. Interestingly, only a minority of the identified glycinergic neurons showed a clear phase-locked activity pattern in every respiratory cycle. Taken together, we could show that neuron identification is possible by a combination of juxtacellular recordings and optogenetic activation via a single recording electrode.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The course of lung inflation alters the central pattern of tracheobronchial cough in cat – The evidence for volume feedback during cough” [Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 229 (2016) 43–50]","authors":"Ivan Poliacek ,&nbsp;Michal Simera ,&nbsp;Marcel Veternik ,&nbsp;Zuzana Kotmanova ,&nbsp;Teresa Pitts ,&nbsp;Jan Hanacek ,&nbsp;Jana Plevkova ,&nbsp;Peter Machac ,&nbsp;Nadezda Visnovcova ,&nbsp;Jakub Misek ,&nbsp;Jan Jakus","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569904823001726/pdfft?md5=2cafd9bcc9b95c7c36cdb498f0fae26b&pid=1-s2.0-S1569904823001726-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age influences the specific force and fatigability of the external abdominal obliques but not pectoralis major muscles","authors":"Matthew J. Fogarty","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the elderly, airway infections are associated with impaired airway defense behaviors, leading to an increased risk of airway infection. The muscles of the chest and abdominal wall are essential for performing effective airway defense manoeuvres, however, very little is known about their function in aging. Here in the 6- and 24-months old Fischer 344 rat model of aging, we assess the contractility and fatigability of chest (the pectoralis major muscle) and abdominal wall (external abdominal oblique) muscles. We assessed muscle function using an ex vivo approach, measuring isometric specific forces normalised to muscle CSA, via a platinum plate field stimulations at a range of frequencies (5–150 Hz) for 1 s. Surprisingly, we did not observe any effect of age on the specific force and fatigue properties of the pectoral muscle. However, in 24-months old rats, EAO specific force was reduced by ∼32 %. These finding suggest that not all respiratory muscles are equally vulnerable to age-associated weakness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinhibition does not play a role in endomorphin-2-induced changes in inspiratory motoneuron output produced by in vitro neonatal rat preparations","authors":"Stephen M. Johnson,&nbsp;Maia G. Gumnit,&nbsp;Sarah M. Johnson,&nbsp;Tracy L. Baker,&nbsp;Jyoti J. Watters","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2023.104186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low level activation of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations increases inspiratory burst amplitude recorded on cervical spinal roots. We tested whether: (1) MOR activation with an endogenous ligand, such as endomorphin-2, increases inspiratory burst amplitude, (2) disinhibition of GABAergic or glycinergic inhibitory synaptic transmission is involved, and (3) inflammation alters endomorphin-2 effects. Using neonatal rat (P0-P3) brainstem-spinal cord preparations, bath-applied endomorphin-2 (10–200 nM) increased inspiratory burst amplitude and decreased burst frequency. Blockade of GABAA receptors (picrotoxin), glycine receptors (strychnine), or both (picrotoxin and strychnine) did not abolish endomorphin-2-induced effects. In preparations isolated from neonatal rats injected 3 h previously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 mg/kg), endomorphin-2 continued to decrease burst frequency but abolished the burst amplitude increase. Collectively, these data indicate that disinhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission is unlikely to play a role in endomorphin-2-induced changes in inspiratory motor output, and that different mechanisms underlie the endomorphin-2-induced increases in inspiratory burst amplitude and decreases in burst frequency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}