Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"Pyroptosis inhibition alleviates acute lung injury via E-twenty-six variant gene 5-mediated downregulation of gasdermin D","authors":"Wenlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinhua Wang ,&nbsp;Chenhui Ma,&nbsp;Bao Liang,&nbsp;Lihong Ma,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Yuanjie Lin,&nbsp;Shuguang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by excessive pulmonary inflammation, yet its precise pathophysiology remains elusive. Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism controlled by gasdermin D (GSDMD), has been linked to the etiology of ALI. This study investigated the regulatory functions of the transcription factor E-twenty-six variant gene 5 (ETV5) and GSDMD in ALI.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to treat BEAS-2B cells (50 mmol/mL) and establish an LPS-induced mouse model of ALI (by intratracheal administration, 3 mg/kg). Protein-protein docking, immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to examine ETV5-mediated negative feedback regulation of GSDMD and its effects on pyroptosis and ALI.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed that the physiological function of ETV5 was reduced by its downregulated expression, which impeded its nuclear translocation in ALI mice. Increased pyroptosis and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines were associated with LPS-induced ALI. ETV5 overexpression in LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells decreased the expression of total and membrane-bound GSDMD, negatively regulated GSDMD, and prevented pyroptosis. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was subsequently reduced due to this inhibition, which, in turn, reduced ALI. Molecular docking analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results indicated a direct interaction between ETV5 and GSDMD, which inhibited GSDMD production.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results indicate that ETV5 inhibits pyroptosis, decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and negatively regulates GSDMD expression to ameliorate ALI symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathing variability during running in athletes: The role of sex, exercise intensity and breathing reserve","authors":"Thiago Ribeiro Lopes ,&nbsp;Diogo Machado de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Luís Adriano Amoroso de Lima ,&nbsp;Bruno Moreira Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly trained aerobic athletes progressively use most of their breathing reserve with increased exercise intensity during whole-body exercise. Additionally, females typically present proportionally smaller lungs than males. Therefore, sex, exercise intensity, and breathing reserve use likely influence the volume and time in which respiratory parameters vary between consecutive breaths during whole-body exercise. However, breath-by-breath variability has been scarcely investigated during exercise. Accordingly, we sought to investigate breath-by-breath pulmonary ventilation (V̇_E), tidal volume ₍V_T), and respiratory frequency (<em>f</em>_R) variability during a maximal treadmill incremental exercise test in 17 females and 18 males highly trained professional endurance runners. The breath-by-breath variability was analyzed by root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) within 1-minute windows. Females had lower absolute and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) than males, as well as lower height-adjusted absolute FVC than males. V̇_E and V_T reserve use were similar between the sexes at peak exercise. While RMSSDV̇_E and RMSSD<em>f</em>_R did not change over exercise (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), RMSSDV_T progressively decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). RMSSDV_T was negatively correlated with V_T reserve use only in males. Females showed lower RMSSDV̇_E than males during the entire exercise test (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). At iso-V̇_E reserve use, between-sex differences in RMSSDV̇_E persisted (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Our findings indicate that exercise intensity decreases V_T variability in professional runners, which is linked to V_T reserve use in males but not females. Additionally, the female sex lowers V̇_E variability regardless of exercise intensity and V̇_E reserve use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of body position during weaning from total liquid ventilation in piglets","authors":"Alexandru Panaitescu ,&nbsp;Christophe Morin ,&nbsp;Mouhamed Amin Boudaouara ,&nbsp;Sarah-Gabrielle Taillandier-Pensarini ,&nbsp;Nathalie Samson ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Praud ,&nbsp;Philippe Micheau ,&nbsp;Etienne Fortin-Pellerin","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine if change in body position improves oxygen requirements and respiratory mechanics during the transition from total liquid ventilation (TLV) to gas ventilation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fourteen piglets underwent TLV, followed by a 2-hour weaning period under conventional gas ventilation. Subjects were randomized to the experimental group (Rotating – R), that was in prone position between the 10th and 30th minute of weaning, or to the static control group (Supine – S).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Oxygenation index was lower in the R group at 30 minutes in prone position than that in the S group (1.9 [1.6; 2.8] vs 3.5 [3.1; 5.1], p = 0.001). This difference disappeared when subjects resumed the supine position (4.2 [3.8; 4.7] and 4.7 [3.8; 5.4], p = 0.4, for the R and S groups, respectively). The change in body position did not affect respiratory system compliance or inspiratory capacity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Prone position improved oxygenation during weaning from TLV. The effect disappeared once piglets returned to the supine position.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569904824001319/pdfft?md5=649ca5535e39476d95c2ab3bbfceffaf&pid=1-s2.0-S1569904824001319-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of endogenous circadian clock function in mice alters respiratory cycle timing in a time of day- and sex-specific manner","authors":"Aaron A. Jones ,&nbsp;Deanna M. Arble","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resting breathing and ventilatory chemoreflexes are regulated in a 24-hr manner by the endogenous circadian clock. However, it is unclear how circadian biology influences different phases of the breath-to-breath respiratory cycle which are predominantly controlled by pontomedullary regions of the brainstem. Here, we performed whole-body plethysmography during quiet wakefulness in young adult male and female mice lacking the core clock gene Brain and Muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) to determine the extent to which the molecular clock affects respiratory cycle timing and ventilatory airflow mechanics. Breath waveform analysis revealed that male BMAL1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit time of day-specific differences in inspiratory and expiratory times, total cycle length, end inspiratory pause, relaxation time, and respiratory rate compared to wild-type littermates. Notably, changes in respiratory pattern were not observed in female BMAL1 KO mice when compared to wild-type females. Additionally, BMAL1 deficiency did not disrupt overall minute ventilation or peak airflow in either sex, suggesting total ventilatory function during quiet wakefulness is preserved. Taken together, these findings indicate that genetic disruption of the circadian clock in mice elicits sex-specific changes in respiratory cycle timing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive ventilation at the boundary of viability: A respiratory pathophysiology study of infants born between 22 and 24 weeks of gestation","authors":"Theodore Dassios ,&nbsp;Richard Sindelar ,&nbsp;Emma Williams ,&nbsp;Ourania Kaltsogianni ,&nbsp;Anne Greenough","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Invasive ventilation of infants born before 24 weeks of gestation is critical for survival and long-term respiratory outcomes, but currently there is a lack of evidence to guide respiratory management. We aimed to compare respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in ventilated extremely preterm infants born before and after 24 weeks of gestation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Secondary analysis of two prospective observational cohort studies, comparing respiratory mechanics and indices of gas exchange in ventilated infants born at 22–24 weeks of gestation (<em>N</em>=14) compared to infants born at 25–27 weeks (<em>N</em>=37). The ventilation/perfusion ratio (V_A/Q), intrapulmonary shunt, alveolar dead space (V_Dalv) and adjusted alveolar surface area (S_A) were measured in infants born at the Neonatal Unit of King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to infants of 25–27 weeks, infants of 22–24 weeks had higher median (IQR) intrapulmonary shunt [18 (4 - 29) % vs 8 (2 – 12) %, p=0.044] and higher V_Dalv [0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) vs 0.6 (0.5 – 0.7) ml/kg, p=0.036], but did not differ in V_A/Q. Compared to infants of 25–27 weeks, the infants of 22–24 weeks had a lower adjusted S_A [509 (322- 687) vs 706 (564 - 800) cm², p=0.044]. The infants in the two groups did not differ in any of the indices of respiratory mechanics.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Ventilated infants born before 24 completed weeks of gestation exhibit abnormal gas exchange, with higher alveolar dead space and intrapulmonary shunt and a decreased alveolar surface area compared to extreme preterms born after 24 weeks of gestation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 104339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569904824001320/pdfft?md5=3ee009b3a9626e7938120d0b544b5944&pid=1-s2.0-S1569904824001320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the pontine respiratory group in the suppression of cough by codeine in cats","authors":"Michal Simera,&nbsp;Denisa Berikova,&nbsp;Ole-Jacob Hovengen,&nbsp;Marek Laheye,&nbsp;Marcel Veternik,&nbsp;Lukas Martvon ,&nbsp;Zuzana Kotmanova,&nbsp;Lucia Cibulkova,&nbsp;Ivan Poliacek","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Codeine was microinjected into the area of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus and the adjacent lateral parabrachial nucleus, within the pontine respiratory group in 8 anesthetized cats. Electromyograms (EMGs) of the diaphragm (DIA) and abdominal muscles (ABD), esophageal pressures (EP), and blood pressure were recorded and analyzed during mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough. Unilateral microinjections of 3.3 mM codeine (3 injections, each 37 ± 1.2 nl) had no significant effect on the cough number. However, the amplitudes of the cough ABD EMG, expiratory EP and, to a lesser extent, DIA EMG were significantly reduced. There were no significant changes in the temporal parameters of the cough. Control microinjections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid in 6 cats did not show a significant effect on cough data compared to those after codeine microinjections. Codeine-sensitive neurons in the rostral dorsolateral pons contribute to controlling cough motor output, likely through the central pattern generator of cough.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 104326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in neonatal rats after chronic hypoxia","authors":"Ryan W. Bavis,&nbsp;Darya I. Lee ,&nbsp;Annie C. Kinnally,&nbsp;Payton E. Buxton","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic hypoxia (CH) during postnatal development attenuates the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in mammals, but there are conflicting reports on whether this plasticity is permanent or reversible. This study tested the hypothesis that CH-induced respiratory plasticity is reversible in neonatal rats and investigated whether the initial plasticity or recovery differs between sexes. Rat pups were exposed to 3 d of normobaric CH (12 % O₂) beginning shortly after birth. Ventilation and metabolic CO₂ production were then measured in normoxia and during an acute hypoxic challenge (12 % O₂) immediately following CH and after 1, 4–5, and 7 d in room air. CH pups hyperventilated when returned to normoxia immediately following CH, but normoxic ventilation was similar to age-matched control rats within 7 d after return to room air. The early phase of the HVR (minute 1) was only blunted immediately following the CH exposure, while the late phase of the HVR (minute 15) remained blunted after 1 and 4–5 d in room air; recovery appeared complete by 7 d. However, when normalized to CO₂ production, the late phase of the hypoxic response recovered within only 1 d. The initial blunting of the HVR and subsequent recovery were similar in female and male rats. Carotid body responses to hypoxia (<em>in vitro</em>) were also normal in CH pups after approximately one week in room air. Collectively, these data indicate that ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia recover rapidly in both female and male neonatal rats once normoxia is restored following CH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 104317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung function parameters are associated with acute mountain sickness and are improved at high and extreme altitude","authors":"Reto Reiser ,&nbsp;Anne-Kathrin Brill ,&nbsp;Christos T. Nakas ,&nbsp;Urs Hefti ,&nbsp;David Berger ,&nbsp;Eveline Perret Hoigné ,&nbsp;Hans-Joachim Kabitz ,&nbsp;Tobias M. Merz ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Pichler Hefti","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At altitude, factors such as decreased barometric pressure, low temperatures, and acclimatization might affect lung function.</p><p>The effects of exposure and acclimatization to high-altitude on lung function were assessed in 39 subjects by repetitive spirometry up to 6022 m during a high-altitude expedition. Subjects were classified depending on the occurrence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and summit success to evaluate whether lung function relates to successful climb and risk of developing AMS.</p><p>Peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increased with progressive altitude (max. +20.2 %pred, +9.3 %pred, and +6.7 %pred, all p&lt;0.05). Only PEF improved with acclimatization (BC1 vs. BC2, +7.2 %pred, p=0.044). At altitude FEV1 (p=0.008) and PEF (p&lt;0.001) were lower in the AMS group.</p><p>The risk of developing AMS was associated with lower baseline PEF (p&lt;0.001) and longitudinal changes in PEF (p=0.008) and FEV1 (p&lt;0.001). Lung function was not related to summit success (7126 m). Improvement in PEF after acclimatization might indicate respiratory muscle adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 104318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway mechanics alters generation of cough motor pattern","authors":"Ivan Poliacek ,&nbsp;Marcel Veternik ,&nbsp;Lukas Martvon ,&nbsp;Zuzana Kotmanova ,&nbsp;Lucia Babalova ,&nbsp;Lucia Cibulkova ,&nbsp;Denisa Berikova ,&nbsp;Jana Plevkova ,&nbsp;Teresa Pitts ,&nbsp;Silvia Adzimova ,&nbsp;Michal Simera","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effects of sequential increase in airway resistance: no, low (5 kPa.s/l), high (24 kPa.s/l), and complete block in the inspiratory or expiratory phase of mechanically induced cough on the cough motor pattern were studied in 16 anesthetized (pentobarbital) spontaneously breathing cats (3.70±0.15 kg, 11♂, 5♀). Esophageal pressure and electromyographic activities of the diaphragm during inspiration and abdominal muscles during expiration were analyzed. No significant changes in the number of coughs occurred. Inspiratory occlusion caused a prolongation of cough inspiratory phase, cough inspiratory diaphragm activity, and all cough-related activity. Inspiratory occlusion along with high resistance increased inspiratory esophageal pressure amplitude, total cough cycle duration and the time between maximum activity of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. High expiratory resistance and occlusion resulted in increased cough expiratory esophageal pressure amplitude, a longer active portion of cough expiration, and cough abdominal activity. Expiratory occlusion also prolonged cough expiratory phase, all cough activity, and total cough cycle. Significantly increased airway resistance and occlusion induce secondary, in addition to mechanical, changes in cough by significantly modulating the generated cough motor pattern. A certain level of resistance appears to be successfully compensated, resulting in minimal changes in coughing characteristics, including expiratory airflow and the rising time of the airflow. Afferent feedback from the respiratory tract, particularly volume feedback, represents a significant factor in modulating cough, mainly under various pathological conditions in the respiratory system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 104315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in expiratory flow limitations development in normoxia and hypoxia in healthy individuals","authors":"Antoine Raberin ,&nbsp;Giorgio Manferdelli,&nbsp;Forrest Schorderet,&nbsp;Yannick Monnier,&nbsp;Ruben Tato Perez,&nbsp;Nicolas Bourdillon,&nbsp;Grégoire P. Millet","doi":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resp.2024.104316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigated the maintenance/repeatability of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) between normoxia and hypoxia.</p><p>Fifty-one healthy active individuals (27 men and 24 women) performed a lung function test and a maximal incremental cycling test in both normoxia and hypoxia (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.14) on two separate visits.</p><p>During exercise in normoxia, 28 participants exhibited EFL (55 %). In hypoxia, another cohort of 28 participants exhibited EFL. The two groups only partly overlapped.</p><p>Individuals with EFL only in normoxia reported lower maximal ventilation values in hypoxia than in normoxia (n=5; −13.5 ± 7.8 %) compared to their counterparts with EFL only in hypoxia (n=5; +6.7 ± 6.3 %) or without EFL (n=18; +5.1 ± 10.3 %) (p=0.004 and p&lt;0.001, respectively).</p><p>EFL development may be induced by different mechanisms in hypoxia vs. normoxia since the individuals who exhibited flow limitation were not the same between the two environmental conditions. This change seems influenced by the magnitude of the maximal ventilation change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20961,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 104316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569904824001095/pdfft?md5=8fb0a78dbac47078e7fb442521270ba6&pid=1-s2.0-S1569904824001095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}