Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Reply to Choi-Kain and colleagues': Correspondence to Setkowski and colleagues on best psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Kim Setkowski, Arnoud Arntz, Pim Cuijpers","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, mental distress, and autoimmune disease in adult women: findings from two large cohort studies.","authors":"Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Fenfen Ge, Thor Aspelund, Yue Wang, Fang Fang, Gunnar Tomasson, Edda Thordadottir, Arna Hauksdóttir, Huan Song, Unnur A Valdimarsdottir","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with increased risks of autoimmune diseases. However, data are scarce on the role of specific ACEs as well as the potential mediating role of adverse mental health symptoms in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study using the nationwide Icelandic Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA, 22,423 women) cohort and the UK Biobank (UKB, 86,492 women) was conducted. Participants self-reported on five ACEs. Twelve autoimmune diseases were self-reported in SAGA and identified via hospital records in UKB. Poisson regression was used to assess the cross-sectional association between ACEs and autoimmune diseases in both cohorts. Using longitudinal data on self-reported mental health symptoms in the UKB, we used causal mediation analyses to study potential mediation by depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in the association between ACEs and autoimmune diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ACEs was 50% in SAGA and 35% in UKB, while the prevalence of autoimmune diseases was 29% (self-reported) and 14% (clinically confirmed), respectively. In both cohorts, ACEs were associated with an increased prevalence ratio (PR) of any studied autoimmune disease in a dose-response manner (PR = 1.10 (95%CI = 1.08-1.12) per ACE), particularly for Sjögrens (PR = 1.34), polymyalgia rheumatica (PR = 1.20), rheumatoid arthritis (PR = 1.14), systemic lupus erythematosus (PR = 1.13), and thyroid disease (PR = 1.11). Sexual abuse and physical and emotional neglect were consistently associated with an elevated prevalence of autoimmune diseases when including all ACEs in the model. Approximately one fourth of the association was mediated through depression, anxiety, and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings based on two large cohorts indicate a role of ACEs and corresponding mental health distress in autoimmune diseases among adult women.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicit neural sensitivity for negatively valued social and non-social visual scenes in young adults exposed to childhood adversity.","authors":"Zhiling Qiao, Stephanie Van der Donck, Victor Mazereel, Lise Jennen, Celine Samaey, Davy Vancampfort, Ruud van Winkel, Bart Boets","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on facial expression experiments, childhood adversity may be associated with threat-related information processing bias. Yet, it is unclear whether this generalizes to other threat-related stimuli, such as social and non-social visual scenes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined fast periodic visual stimulation with frequency-tagging electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking to assess automatic and implicit neural discrimination, neural salience and preferential looking towards negative versus neutral social and non-social visual scenes in young adults aged 16-24 years (51 with childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms and 43 controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Controls showed enhanced negative-neutral neural discrimination within a social versus non-social context. However, this facilitating effect of social content was absent in those with adversity, suggesting a selective alteration in social threat processing. Moreover, individual differences in adversity severity, and more specifically threat experiences (but not neglect experiences), were associated with decreased neural discrimination of negative versus neutral social scenes, corresponding to similar findings in facial expression processing, indicating the robustness of adversity-related deficits in threat-safety discrimination across social visual stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The adversity-related decreased threat-safety discrimination might impact individuals' perception of social cues in daily life and relate to poor social functioning and future development of psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in glutamate levels in anterior cingulate cortex following 16 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.","authors":"Jose Maximo, Eric Nelson, Nina Kraguljac, Rita Patton, Adil Bashir, Adrienne Lahti","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous findings in psychosis have revealed mixed findings on glutamate (Glu) levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Factors such as illness chronicity, methodology, and medication status have impeded a more nuanced evaluation of Glu in psychosis. The goal of this longitudinal neuroimaging study was to investigate the role of antipsychotics on Glu in the dACC in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 117 healthy controls (HCs) and 113 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients for this study. 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS; PRESS; TE = 80 ms) data from a voxel prescribed in the dACC were collected from all participants at baseline, 6, and 16 weeks following antipsychotic treatment. Glutamate levels were quantified using the QUEST algorithm and analyzed longitudinally using linear mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that baseline dACC glutamate levels in FEP were not significantly different than those of HCs. Examining Glu levels in FEP revealed a decrease in Glu levels after 16 weeks of antipsychotic treatment; this effect was weaker in HC. Finally, baseline Glu levels were associated with decreases in positive symptomology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report a progressive decrease of Glu levels over a period of 16 weeks after initiation of treatment and a baseline Glu level association with a reduction in positive symptomology, suggestive of a potential mechanism of antipsychotic drug (APD) action. Overall, these findings suggest that APDs can influence Glu within a period of 16 weeks, which has been deemed as an optimal window for symptom alleviation using APDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent PTSD symptoms are associated with plasma metabolic alterations relevant to long-term health: A metabolome-wide investigation in women.","authors":"Yiwen Zhu, Katherine H Shutta, Tianyi Huang, Raji Balasubramanian, Oana A Zeleznik, Clary B Clish, Julián Ávila-Pacheco, Susan E Hankinson, Laura D Kubzansky","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003374","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by severe distress and associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Studies in military and clinical populations suggest that dysregulated metabolomic processes may be a key mechanism. Prior work identified and validated a metabolite-based distress score (MDS) linked with depression and anxiety and subsequent cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we assessed whether PTSD shares metabolic alterations with depression and anxiety and if additional metabolites are related to PTSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We leveraged plasma metabolomics data from three subsamples nested within the Nurses' Health Study II, including 2835 women with 2950 blood samples collected across three time points (1996-2014) and 339 known metabolites assayed by mass spectrometry-based techniques. Trauma and PTSD exposures were assessed in 2008 and characterized as follows: lifetime trauma without PTSD, lifetime PTSD in remission, and persistent PTSD symptoms. Associations between the exposures and the MDS or individual metabolites were estimated within each subsample adjusting for potential confounders and combined in random-effects meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persistent PTSD symptoms were associated with higher levels of the previously developed MDS. Out of 339 metabolites, we identified 29 metabolites (primarily elevated glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids) associated with persistent symptoms (false discovery rate < 0.05; adjusting for technical covariates). No metabolite associations were found with the other PTSD-related exposures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the first large-scale, population-based metabolomics analysis of PTSD, our study highlighted shared and distinct metabolic differences linked to PTSD versus depression or anxiety. We identified novel metabolite markers associated with PTSD symptom persistence, suggesting further connections with metabolic dysregulation that may have downstream consequences for health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Panic disorder and suicide.","authors":"Shih-Jen Tsai, Chih-Ming Cheng, Wen-Han Chang, Ya-Mei Bai, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Mu-Hong Chen","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Panic disorder (PD) may increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation and behaviors because of psychiatric comorbidities such as major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research has yet to demonstrate a direct relationship between PD and suicide mortality.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 171,737 individuals with PD and 686,948 age- and sex-matched individuals without PD during 2003-2017. We assessed the risk of suicide within the same period. Psychiatric comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and substance use disorder (SUD) were also evaluated. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of suicide in different groups after adjustment for demographic data and psychiatric comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our Cox regression model revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for suicide (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59-2.14), regardless of psychiatric comorbidities. Among all comorbidities, MDD with PD was associated with the highest risk of suicide (HR = 6.08, 95% CI = 5.48-6.74), followed by autism (HR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.66-12.29), schizophrenia (HR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.7-4.13), bipolar disorder (HR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.71-3.79), AUD (HR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.41-3.72), SUD (HR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.28-3.47), and OCD (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.64-2.67).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PD is an independent risk factor for suicide. Psychiatric comorbidities (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, OCD, AUD, SUD, and autism) with PD increase the risk of suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult psychiatric outcomes of young people who attended child and adolescent mental health services: a longitudinal total population study.","authors":"Colm Healy, Ulla Lång, Kirstie O'Hare, Johanna Metsälä, Karen O'Connor, Elaine Lockhart, Nicola Byrne, Juha Veijola, Eero Kajantie, Hugh Ramsay, Ian Kelleher","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an unprecedented societal focus on young people's mental health, including efforts to expand access to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). There has, however, been a lack of research to date to investigate adult mental health outcomes of young people who attend CAMHS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We linked Finland's healthcare registries for all individuals born between 1987 and 1992. We investigated mental disorder diagnoses recorded in specialist adult mental health services (AMHS) and both inpatient and outpatient service use by age 29 (December 31, 2016) for former CAMHS patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before the end of their 20s, more than half (52.4%, <i>n</i> = 21,183) of all CAMHS patients had gone on to attend AMHS. The most prevalent recorded adult psychiatric diagnoses received by former CAMHS patients were depressive disorders (30%, <i>n</i> = 11,768), non-phobic anxiety disorders (21%, <i>n</i> = 7,910), alcohol use disorders (9.5%, <i>n</i> = 3,427), personality disorders (9.3%, <i>n</i> = 3,366), and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (7.6%, <i>n</i> = 2,945). In the total population, more than half of all AMHS appointments (53.1%, <i>k</i> = 714,239/1,345,060) were for former CAMHS patients. More than half of all inpatient psychiatry bed days were for former CAMHS patients (53.1%, <i>k</i> = 1,192,991/2,245,247).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there is a strong focus on intervening in childhood and adolescence to reduce the burden of mental illness, these findings suggest that young people who receive childhood intervention very frequently continue to require specialist psychiatric interventions in adulthood, including taking up a majority of both outpatient and inpatient service use. These findings highlight the need for a greater focus on research to alter the long-term trajectories of CAMHS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural brain changes in the anterior cingulate cortex of major depressive disorder individuals with suicidal ideation: Evidence from the REST-meta-MDD project.","authors":"Zhiqiang Yi, Luyao Xia, Junfei Yi, Yanfei Jia, Luhua Wei, Shengli Shen, Nan Wu, Dongmei Wang, Huixia Zhou, Xingxing Li, Chao-Gan Yan, Xiang-Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal ideation (SI) is very common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region may be associated with SI in MDD patients. This study aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms of SI in MDD patients by analyzing changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in brain structures in the ACC region, which has not been adequately studied to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to the REST-meta-MDD project, this study subjects consisted of 235 healthy controls and 246 MDD patients, including 123 MDD patients with and 123 without SI, and their structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether there was a correlation between GMV of ACC and SI in MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MDD patients with SI had higher HAMD scores and greater GMV in bilateral ACC compared to MDD patients without SI (all p < 0.001). GMV of bilateral ACC was positively correlated with SI in MDD patients and entered the regression equation in the subsequent logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that GMV of ACC may be associated with SI in patients with MDD and is a sensitive biomarker of SI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry - a transdiagnostic meta-analysis.","authors":"Kilian Leander Stenzel, Joshua Keller, Lukas Kirchner, Winfried Rief, Max Berg","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process associated with the onset, maintenance, and risk of relapse of various mental disorders. However, previous research syntheses addressing the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on RNT are limited to specific diagnoses, treatments, or RNT constructs (transdiagnostic RNT, worry, rumination). In the present meta-analysis, we integrate findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT on RNT across diagnoses, intervention types, and RNT constructs. We investigate the following questions: What is the overall transdiagnostic efficacy of CBT interventions on all post-treatment RNT outcomes? Which RNT construct is addressed most effectively? Are RNT-specific treatments superior in reducing RNT than less specific approaches? Inclusion criteria were met by 55 studies with a total of 4,970 participants. The overall post-treatment effect of CBT interventions on RNT compared to respective control groups was moderate in favor of CBT (<i>g</i> = -0.67). Treatment efficacy did not differ significantly by RNT construct. RNT-specific interventions (<i>g</i> = -0.99) were significantly more efficacious in reducing RNT than less specific approaches (<i>g</i> = -0.56). Treatment efficacy was not significantly enhanced by individual or in-person settings. Our results advocate a dissemination of RNT-specific treatments in research and practice and a general improvement of CBT treatments by focusing on relevant transdiagnostic processes such as RNT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of patient choice on uptake, adherence, and outcomes across depression, anxiety, and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Catherine Johnson, Marcela Radunz, Jake Linardon, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Paul Williamson, Tracey D Wade","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence highlights the critical role of patient choice of treatment, with significant benefits for outcomes found in some studies. While four meta-analyses have previously examined the association between treatment choice and outcomes in mental health, robust conclusions have been limited by the inclusion of studies with biased preference trial designs. The current systematic review included 30 studies across three common and frequently comorbid mental health disorders (depression <i>N</i> = 23; anxiety, <i>N</i> = 5; eating disorders, <i>N</i> = 2) including 7055 participants (<i>M</i>_age 42.5 years, SD 11.7; 69.5% female). Treatment choice most often occurred between psychotherapy and antidepressant medication (43.3%), followed by choice between two different forms of psychotherapy, or elements within psychotherapy (36.7%). There were insufficient studies with stringent designs to conduct meta-analyses for anxiety or eating disorders as outcomes, or for treatment uptake. Treatment choice significantly improved outcomes for depression (<i>d</i> = 0.17, <i>n</i> = 18) and decreased therapy dropout, both in a combined sample targeting depression (<i>n</i> = 12), anxiety (<i>n</i> = 4) and eating disorders (<i>n</i> = 1; OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.83), and in a smaller sample of the depression studies alone (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.59). All studies evaluated the impact of adults making treatment choices with none examining the effect of choice in adolescents. Clear directions in future research are indicated, in terms of designing studies that can adequately test the treatment choice and outcome association in anxiety and eating disorder treatment, and in youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}