Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Deconstructing the nature of emotion regulation impairments at the identification, selection, and implementation stages in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis.","authors":"Gregory P Strauss, Ian Raugh, Katherine Visser, Elaine Walker, Vijay Mittal","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychotic disorders are characterized by emotion regulation abnormalities that predict greater symptom severity and poor functional outcomes. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities also occur in individuals at clinically high risk for psychosis (CHR). The current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to address this question and examined the nature of abnormalities at three stages of emotion regulation (identification, selection, implementation).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 120 CHR and 59 CN who completed 1 week of EMA surveys evaluating emotional experience, emotion regulation, context, and symptoms. Multi-level models examined concurrent and time-lagged effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CHR evidenced elevated state negative affect and abnormalities at all three stages of emotion regulation. At the identification stage (i.e., determining the need to regulate), regulatory attempts were made too frequently and with too much effort at low levels of negative affect and not frequently enough and with insufficient effort at high levels of negative affect. Selection stage abnormalities (i.e., choosing the exact strategy to attempt based on context) were characterized by increased frequency of selecting individual strategies and greater polyregulation (i.e., use of multiple strategies concurrently). Implementation stage (i.e., executing the selected strategy) abnormalities were indicated by being less effective at decreasing the intensity of negative affect from time t to t + 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is not only heightened stress reactivity that confers risk for psychosis, but also abnormalities in applying emotion regulation strategies to control the stress response. The profile of abnormalities observed in CHR is similar to schizophrenia, suggesting treatment targets that transcend phases of psychotic illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent theta-burst stimulation with adjunctive D-cycloserine rapidly resolves suicidal ideation and decreases implicit association with death/suicide.","authors":"Myren N Sohn, Jaeden Cole, Signe L Bray, Alexander McGirr","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003313","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depressive disorders are the most common diagnosis among individuals who die by suicide, and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive treatment for those with difficult-to-treat depression who are at higher risk for suicide. Previous data suggests that pairing iTBS with D-cycloserine, a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, improves antidepressant outcomes. However, its impact on suicide risk is not known.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examine suicidal ideation and implicit suicide risk after iTBS+D-cycloserine in two clinical trials (open-label trial [<i>n</i> = 12] and randomized placebo-controlled trial [RCT, <i>n</i> = 50]) involving adults with major depressive disorder and the acute effects of D-cycloserine on implicit suicide risk in a crossover trial (<i>n</i> = 18). Implicit suicide risk was assessed using the computerized death/suicide implicit association test (IAT), and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were assessed using the clinician-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Open-label iTBS+D-cycloserine was associated with a rapid reduction in suicidal ideation, and iTBS+D-cycloserine was superior to iTBS+placebo in reducing suicidal ideation. Similarly, open-label iTBS+D-cycloserine was associated with decreased implicit suicide risk as measured by the death/suicide IAT, and iTBS+D-cycloserine was associated with greater decreases in death/suicide IAT scores compared to iTBS+placebo. A single acute dose of D-cycloserine in the absence of iTBS had no effect on implicit suicide risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjunctive D-cycloserine with iTBS is a promising strategy to reduce suicidal ideation and implicit suicide risk in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cognitive model of negative symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the dysfunctional belief systems associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.","authors":"Sarah Saperia, Joanne Plahouras, Michael Best, Sean Kidd, Konstantine Zakzanis, George Foussias","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003325","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hypothesized cognitive model of negative symptoms, proposed nearly twenty years ago, is the most prevalent psychological framework for conceptualizing negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The aim of this study was to comprehensively validate the model for the first time, specifically by quantifying the relationships between negative symptom severity and all related dysfunctional beliefs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE and PsychINFO, supplemented by manual reviews of reference lists and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed with data on the direct cross-sectional association between negative symptoms and at least one relevant dysfunctional belief in SSD patients. Screening and data extraction were completed by independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool effect size estimates of <i>z</i>-transformed Pearson's <i>r</i> correlations. Moderators of these relationships, as well as subset analyses for negative symptom domains and measurement instruments, were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant effects emerged for the relationships between negative symptoms and defeatist performance beliefs (k = 38, n = 2808), r = 0.23 (95% CI, 0.18-0.27), asocial beliefs (k = 8, n = 578), r = 0.21 (95% CI, 0.12-0.28), low expectancies for success (k = 55, n = 5664), r = -0.21 (95% CI, -0.15 - -0.26), low expectancies for pleasure (k = 5, n = 249), r = -0.19 (95% CI, -0.06 - -0.31), and internalized stigma (k = 81, n = 9766), r = 0.17 (95% CI, 0.12-0.22), but not perception of limited resources (k = 10, n = 463), r = 0.08 (95% CI, -0.13 - 0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis provides support for the cognitive model of negative symptoms. The identification of specific dysfunctional beliefs associated with negative symptoms is essential for the development of precision-based cognitive-behavioral interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maladaptive mother-child interactions in mothers with remitted major depression are associated with blunted amygdala responses to child affective facial expressions.","authors":"Catherine Hindi Attar, Neele Ridder, Jenny Stein, Dorothea Kluczniok, Katja Dittrich, Charlotte Jaite, Stephanie Spengler, Katja Bödecker, Sina Poppinga, Corinne Neukel, Judith von Schönfeld, Sabine Herpertz, Romuald Brunner, Kristina Meyer, Andreas Heinz, Felix Bermpohl","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003404","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal depression is associated with difficulties in understanding and adequately responding to children's emotional signals. Consequently, the interaction between mother and child is often disturbed. However, little is known about the neural correlates of these parenting difficulties. Motivated by increasing evidence of the amygdala's important role in mediating maternal behavior, we investigated amygdala responses to child sad and happy faces in mothers with remitted major depression disorder (rMDD) relative to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the sensitivity subscale of the emotional availability scales and functional magnetic resonance imaging in 61 rMDD and 27 healthy mothers to examine the effect of maternal sensitivity on mothers' amygdala responses to their children's affective facial expressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For mothers with rMDD relative to controls, we observed decreased maternal sensitivity when interacting with their child. They also showed reduced amygdala responses to child affective faces that were associated with lower maternal sensitivity. Connectivity analysis revealed that this blunted amygdala response in rMDD mothers was functionally correlated with reduced activation in higher-order medial prefrontal areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results contribute toward a better understanding of the detrimental effects of lifetime depression on maternal sensitivity and associated brain responses. By targeting region-specific neural activation patterns, these results are a first step toward improving the prediction, prevention, and treatment of depression-related negative effects on mother-child interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted functional connectivity of the emotion regulation network in major depressive disorder and its association with symptom improvement: A multisite resting-state functional MRI study.","authors":"Zhihui Lan, Lin-Lin Zhu, You-Ran Dai, Yan-Kun Wu, Tian Shen, Jing-Jing Yang, Ji-Tao Li, Mingrui Xia, Xiaoqin Wang, Dongtao Wei, Bangshan Liu, Taolin Chen, Yanqing Tang, Qiyong Gong, Fei Wang, Jiang Qiu, Peng Xie, Lingjiang Li, Yong He, Yun-Ai Su, Tianmei Si","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emotion regulation network (ERN) in the brain provides a framework for understanding the neuropathology of affective disorders. Although previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neurobiological correlates of the ERN in major depressive disorder (MDD), whether patients with MDD exhibit abnormal functional connectivity (FC) patterns in the ERN and whether the abnormal FC in the ERN can serve as a therapeutic response signature remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A large functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset comprising 709 patients with MDD and 725 healthy controls (HCs) recruited across five sites was analyzed. Using a seed-based FC approach, we first investigated the group differences in whole-brain resting-state FC of the 14 ERN seeds between participants with and without MDD. Furthermore, an independent sample (45 MDD patients) was used to evaluate the relationship between the aforementioned abnormal FC in the ERN and symptom improvement after 8 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the HCs, patients with MDD exhibited aberrant FC between 7 ERN seeds and several cortical and subcortical areas, including the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, bilateral occipital gyrus, right thalamus, calcarine cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus. In an independent sample, these aberrant FCs in the ERN were negatively correlated with the reduction rate of the HAMD₁₇ score among MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results might extend our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings underlying unadaptable or inflexible emotional processing in MDD patients and help to elucidate the mechanisms of therapeutic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive presentation at psychosis onset through premorbid deterioration and exposure to environmental risk factors.","authors":"Laura Ferraro, Marta Di Forti, Daniele La Barbera, Caterina La Cascia, Craig Morgan, Giada Tripoli, Hannah Jongsma, Fabio Seminerio, Crocettarachele Sartorio, Lucia Sideli, Ilaria Tarricone, Anna Lisa Carloni, Andrei Szoke, Baptiste Pignon, Miguel Bernardo, Lieuwe de Haan, Celso Arango, Eva Velthorst, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, James Kirkbride, Bart P F Rutten, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Cristina Marta Del Ben, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Julio Bobes, Manuel Arrojo, Andrea Tortelli, Peter Jones, Jean-Paul Selten, Jim van Os, Robin Murray, Diego Quattrone, Evangelos Vassos","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003507","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies identified clusters of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients based on cognition and premorbid adjustment. This study examined a range of socio-environmental risk factors associated with clusters of FEP, aiming a) to compare clusters of FEP and community controls using the Maudsley Environmental Risk Score for psychosis (ERS), a weighted sum of the following risks: paternal age, childhood adversities, cannabis use, and ethnic minority membership; b) to explore the putative differences in specific environmental risk factors in distinguishing within patient clusters and from controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A univariable general linear model (GLS) compared the ERS between 1,263 community controls and clusters derived from 802 FEP patients, namely, low (n = 223) and high-cognitive-functioning (n = 205), intermediate (n = 224) and deteriorating (n = 150), from the EU-GEI study. A multivariable GLS compared clusters and controls by different exposures included in the ERS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ERS was higher in all clusters compared to controls, mostly in the deteriorating (<b>β</b>=2.8, 95% CI 2.3 3.4_, η² = 0.049) and the low-cognitive-functioning cluster (<b>β</b>=2.4, 95% CI 1.9 2.8, η² = 0.049) and distinguished them from the cluster with high-cognitive-functioning. The deteriorating cluster had higher cannabis exposure (mean_difference = 0.48, 95% CI 0.49 0.91) than the intermediate having identical IQ, and more people from an ethnic minority (mean_difference = 0.77, 95% CI 0.24 1.29) compared to the high-cognitive-functioning cluster.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High exposure to environmental risk factors might result in cognitive impairment and lower-than-expected functioning in individuals at the onset of psychosis. Some patients' trajectories involved risk factors that could be modified by tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotic experiences and disorders in adolescents and young adults with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities: evidence from a population-based birth cohort in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Christina Dardani, Jack Underwood, Hannah Jones, Alexandros Rammos, Sarah Sullivan, Laura Hull, Golam Khandaker, Stan Zammit, Dheeraj Rai, Paul Madley-Dowd","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003556","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disabilities (intellectual impairment) may be at increased risk of psychosis. However, studies have been limited by small and selected samples. Moreover, the role of early life trauma, a key risk factor for psychosis, in the associations is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, we investigated the associations between intellectual impairment, psychotic disorders, and psychotic experiences, and assessed the mediating role of trauma in childhood. Individuals with intellectual impairment were identified using a multisource measure utilizing indicators from ALSPAC combined with health and administrative records. Psychotic disorder diagnoses were extracted through linkage to primary care records. Psychotic experiences were assessed at ages 18 and 24 using the semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview (PLIKSi). Trauma between ages 5 and 11 was assessed with questionnaires and interviews administered to children and parents at multiple ages. Multiple imputation was performed to mitigate bias due to missing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum sample after multiple imputation was 9,407. We found associations between intellectual impairment and psychotic disorders (OR = 4.57; 95%CI: 1.56-13.39). Evidence was weaker in the case of psychotic experiences (OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 0.93-2.84). There was some evidence suggesting a mediating role of trauma in the associations between intellectual impairment and psychotic experiences (OR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.15). Complete records analyses yielded comparable estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intellectual impairment is associated with psychotic disorders and experiences in adulthood. Research into the contribution of trauma could shape intervention strategies for psychotic disorders in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal dose and pattern of physical activity to prevent diagnosed depression: prospective cohort study.","authors":"Lars Louis Andersen, Rubén López-Bueno, Aaron Kandola, Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés, Laura López-Bueno, Joaquín Calatayud","doi":"10.1017/S003329172400343X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003329172400343X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the dose and pattern of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to prevent depression. We aimed to assess the prospective association of dose and pattern of accelerometer-derived MVPA with the risk of diagnosed depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 74,715 adults aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank cohort who were free of severe disease at baseline and participated in accelerometer measurements (mean age 55.2 years [SD 7.8]; 58% women). MVPA at baseline was derived through 1-week wrist-worn accelerometry. Diagnosed depression was defined by hospitalization with ICD-10 codes F32.0-F32.A. Restricted cubic splines and Cox regression determined the prospective association of dose and pattern of MVPA with the risk of incident depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median 7.9-year follow-up, there were 3,089 (4.1%) incident cases of depression. Higher doses of MVPA were curvilinearly associated with lower depression risk, with the largest minute-per-minute added benefits occurring between 5 (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.96-0.99]) and 280 (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.60-0.74]) minutes per week (reference: 0 MVPA minutes).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regardless of pattern, higher doses of MVPA were associated with lower depression risk in a curvilinear manner, with the greatest incremental benefit per minute occurring during the first 4-5 h per week. Optimal benefits occurred around 15 h/week.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pubertal timing, depressive symptoms, and depression in adolescent males: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Dana Tarif, Jon Heron, Abigail Fraser, Ahmed Elhakeem, Carol Joinson","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003234","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early pubertal timing is associated with depressive symptoms in girls, but studies in boys are limited and have yielded conflicting results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>N = 4,664 male participants from a UK birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - ALSPAC). Seven indicators of pubertal timing were measured repeatedly from 7 to 17 years (age at: peak height velocity, peak weight velocity, peak bone mineral content velocity, Tanner stage 3 pubic hair, Tanner stage 3 genitalia, axillary hair, and voice break), categorised into 'early', 'on-time,' and 'late' (mean ± 1 SD). Depressive symptoms (binary variable indicating higher versus lower levels) were assessed at 14 and 18 years, and depression (ICD-10 diagnosis) was assessed at 18 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between each indicator of pubertal timing and depressive symptoms/depression, adjusted for socioeconomic status (SES) and prepubertal body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to males with normative pubertal development, the odds of depression at age 18 were higher in those with early age at peak height velocity (OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.27-3.34), early age at peak weight velocity (OR: 2.10; 95% CI 1.16-3.79), and early age at Tanner genitalia stage 3 (OR: 1.81; 95% CI 1.01-3.26). There was no evidence for associations between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms at age 14 or 18.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found evidence that males with an earlier pubertal timing had increased odds of depression at age 18. Early maturing boys could be targeted for interventions aimed at preventing depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gray and white matter differences in the medial temporal lobe in late-life depression: a multimodal PET-MRI investigation.","authors":"Akihiro Takamiya, Ahmed Radwan, Daan Christiaens, Margot Van Cauwenberge, Thomas Vande Casteele, Maarten Laroy, Kristof Vansteelandt, Stefan Sunaert, Michel Koole, Jan Van den Stock, Koen Van Laere, Filip Bouckaert, Mathieu Vandenbulcke, Louise Emsell","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003362","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by medial temporal lobe (MTL) abnormalities. Although gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences in LLD have been reported, few studies have investigated them concurrently. Moreover, the impact of aetiological factors, such as neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular burden, on tissue differences remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study involved 72 participants, including 33 patients with LLD (mean age 72.2 years, 23 female) and 39 healthy controls (HCs) (mean age 70.6 years, 24 female), who underwent clinical and positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments. High-resolution 3D T1-weighted and T2-weighted FLAIR images were used to assess MTL GM volumes and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a proxy for cerebrovascular burden. Diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics derived from multishell diffusion MRI data were analyzed to assess WM microstructure in the following MTL bundles reconstructed using constrained spherical deconvolution tractography: uncinate fasciculus, fornix, and cingulum. Standardized uptake value ratio of 18F-MK-6240 in the MTL was used to assess Alzheimer's disease (AD) type tau accumulation as a proxy for neurodegenerative burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, patients with LLD showed significantly lower bilateral MTL volumes and WM microstructural differences primarily in the uncinate fasciculi bilaterally and right fornix. In patients with LLD, higher vascular burden, but not tau, was associated with lower MTL volume and more pronounced WM differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLD was associated with both GM and WM differences in the MTL. Cerebrovascular disease, rather than AD type tau-mediated neurodegenerative processes, may contribute to brain tissue differences in LLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}