Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Neural dysfunction underlying divergent thinking and its shared mechanisms with protracted withdrawal symptoms in heroin use disorder.","authors":"Yifan Wang, Wenjuan Fu, Wanyi Li, Yadan Li, Kai Yuan, Cunfeng Yuan, Linden J Ball, Annabel S H Chen, Haijun Duan","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610614X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610614X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug use may induce transient bursts of inspiration but is also associated with increasing cognitive rigidity. How neurological damage induced by drug addiction affects higher-order thinking processes in humans remains elusive. This gap limits our understanding of broader cognitive impairment in addiction and prolonged maladaptation during withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study investigated divergent thinking, a key component of flexible behavior, in heroin use disorder (HUD). Behavioral performance was assessed using the Realistic Presented Problem-Solving Task. Task-related neural signatures were recorded via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in three groups of individuals: (1) HUD short withdrawal; (2) HUD long withdrawal; and (3) healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both HUD groups exhibited poorer divergent thinking performance than the HC group. HUD participants showed hyperactivation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ), accompanied by reduced functional connectivity within the PFC and between the PFC and TPJ. Network analysis further revealed reduced topological properties of PFC nodes and increased topological properties of TPJ nodes, indicating disrupted PFC-mediated top-down regulatory control. PFC subregional activation and functional connectivity with the bilateral TPJ served as shared neural features that predicted divergent thinking impairment and protracted withdrawal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal a sustained compensatory pathological mechanism and an imbalance in neural resource allocation during complex cognition in HUD individuals. The identified signatures of cortical activity by fNIRS offer reliable biomarkers for the rapid detection of both higher-order cognitive deficits and withdrawal symptoms, and further offer precise cortical targets for their integrated intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping emotional contagion: directional predictive patterns of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese couples.","authors":"Diyang Qu, Anni Zhu, Junkang Lin, Jiaxun Yu, Jinfeng Zhang, Jiasheng Huang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106382","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726106382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China's aging population faces increased prevalence in mid- and later life depression, with married middle-aged and older women vulnerable due to disproportionate caregiving and socioeconomic stress. Although emotional contagion between partners is well-documented, pathways through which depressive symptoms spread between these spouses remain unclear. This study examines the directional predictive patterns of depressive symptoms, wives to husbands specifically, within middle-aged and older Chinese couples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 2011-2013 longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed 2,578 heterosexual couples aged 45 years or older. Depressive symptoms were assessed at two time points using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D-10). Cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) modeling estimated temporal changes in predictive pathways of each spouse's symptoms in the other's, capturing intra-personal symptom interactions and inter-spousal predictive dynamics while comparing patterns between couples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distinct symptom networks emerged for husbands and wives, with wives' emotional states showing stronger cross-partner predictive associations, highlighting gender-specific patterns. Wives' fearfulness emerged as a critical bridge symptom, significantly predicting increases in husbands' depressive symptoms. Overall, significant cross-spousal spillover associations were observed; emotional contagion patterns were notably asymmetric, showing more pronounced symptom predictions from wives to husbands.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate bidirectional associations of depressive symptoms with significant gender disparities in symptom dynamics among middle-aged and older couples, highlighting the necessity for gender-sensitive, relationship-focused research and interventions. Dyadic network analysis provides new insights into depression dynamics, advocating approaches addressing relational factors with individual symptoms in mental health strategies for China's aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of self-directed violence: A large-sample resting-state fMRI study from UK Biobank.","authors":"Jia-Ying Lin, I-Jou Chi, Jun-Ding Zhu, Albert Chih-Chieh Yang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide remains a leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of identifying neurobiological markers associated with suicidal behaviors. While nonsuicidal self-directed violence (NSSDV) is an established risk factor for future suicide attempts (SAs), the underlying neural distinctions between these behaviors remain insufficiently understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,070 participants with a history of self-directed violence (SDV) were stratified into SA (<i>n</i> = 579) and NSSDV (<i>n</i> = 491) groups based on self-reported questionnaires. All data were collected from the UK Biobank between October 2016 and January 2024. Whole-brain connectome across 90 brain regions were analyzed. A general linear regression model was employed to identify significant functional connectivity (FC) correlations with SA. An exploratory analysis examined the correlation between FC and SDV frequency and recency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to NSSDV, the SA group exhibited decreased FC in the bilateral amygdala and right putamen, alongside increased FC in the right caudate. Higher frequency of SDV was correlated with increased FC between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and occipital regions, whereas individuals reporting SDV within the past 12 months showed trends of decreased FC between the OFC and both the rectus gyrus and temporal lobe.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This large-sample rs-fMRI study highlights distinct FC alterations associated with different dimensions of self-harm. Results implicated that the limbic and reward circuits appear particularly relevant in differentiating SA from NSSDV and in capturing variations tied to SDV frequency and recency. These insights advance our understanding of suicidal behaviors' neurobiological underpinnings and may inform targeted risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural network alterations and peripheral immune-inflammatory dysregulation define distinct subtypes of major depressive disorder with prognostic implications.","authors":"Wei Du, Minlan Yuan, Ziyang Gao, Haoran Li, Weijie Xue, Guyue Lei, Erqing Liao, Daniel J Hauke, Yalan Kuang, Danlin Shen, Jia Cai, Hongru Zhu, Su Lui, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune-inflammatory dysregulation and cortical structural vulnerability have been increasingly implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, how they interact with each other, and whether immune heterogeneity in MDD is systematically organized by structural networks, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genome-wide association studies data of MDD, gray matter volume (GMV) phenotypes, and 19 immune-related traits were utilized to assess causal relationships. A prospective cohort comprising 122 patients with MDD and 66 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and assessment of 40 inflammatory and immune-related markers. Individualized structural covariance network analysis, machine-learning approaches, and survival analyses were used to identify neurobiological subtypes and evaluate treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically predicted MDD was associated with lower levels of circulating IGF-1 (<i>p</i>_FDR = 0.013). Levels of IL-5 and leptin were negatively associated with GMV alterations in the right cingulate gyrus and bilateral putamen, respectively (<i>p</i>_FDR < 0.05). Structural covariance abnormalities were predominantly localized to connectivity between the default mode and limbic networks and within the limbic network in MDD, and they were classified into a hypoconnectivity subtype (<i>n</i> = 49) and a hyperconnectivity subtype (<i>n</i> = 73). The hypoconnectivity subtype exhibited greater anxiety and anhedonia symptoms, whereas the hyperconnectivity subtype showed broadly elevated inflammatory and immune state and achieved antidepressant response more rapidly during follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports a bidirectional immune-brain framework in MDD and suggests that structure-derived subtypes classify different immune signaling heterogeneity, which may provide a biologically informed basis for stratification and prognosis in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater proximity to greenspace is associated with fewer depressive symptoms among urban middle-aged adults.","authors":"Shu Li, Junjie Liao, Bingcheng Cai, Siyao Li, Xinzhu Liu, Dianqi Yao, Rui Ding, Xing Zhang, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the factors that influence depression is crucial for both its treatment and prevention. Residential greenspace has received increasing attention for its potential role in mitigating depressive symptoms. However, traditional statistical methods are fundamentally constrained to evaluating simple bivariate associations between greenspace exposure and depression risk, overlooking the complex interactions among key health-related factors and failing to comprehensively assess the relative importance of greenspace compared to other contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed machine learning (ML) methods to assess the effects of multiple factors, including greenspace, on the development of depressive symptoms among 1,542 urban middle-aged adults in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with depressive symptoms measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Individual greenspace exposure for each subject was quantified using vegetation indices obtained from the NASA satellite database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the five ML models, the Support Vector Machines model achieved the best predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.776. Life satisfaction, EVI_250m (a measure of greenspace), social activity, pain, sleep duration, and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. EVI_250m, identified by the ML model, indicated that closer proximity to greenspace was associated with a greater reduction in depressive symptoms. Furthermore, Shapley Additive Explanations values confirmed that greenspace ranked among the top influential factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residential greenspace is associated with fewer depressive symptoms and ranks prominently among the most influential factors within the examined health-related variables. The potential beneficial association with greenspace appears to be stronger with closer proximity to residential areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol reinforcers attenuate goal-directed control in individuals with and without alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Erik Lukas Bode, Milena Philomena Maria Musial, Claudia Ebrahimi, Clarissa Carolin Grundmann, Samanda Krasniqi, Miriam Sebold, Tanja Endrass, Florian Schlagenhauf","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired control over alcohol consumption is a core feature of alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet its mechanisms remain unclear. Habit theories posit a shift from goal-directed to habitual control with repeated alcohol use, but human evidence is mixed and often lacks translational alignment with animal models. Recent accounts therefore call for paradigms assessing contingency sensitivity with disorder-relevant reinforcers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adapted a free-operant contingency degradation task to compare goal-directed control when responding for a natural (juice) versus disorder-relevant reinforcer (alcohol). Eighty-one participants were tested, comprising 49 non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD (31.22 ± 8.35 years old; 28 female) and 32 healthy control individuals (27.44 ± 6.71 years old; 22 female). We expected reduced goal-directed control in AUD, indexed by weaker response-rate and causality judgment adaptation to changed contingencies, particularly for alcohol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to our hypothesis, goal-directed control was preserved in both groups, with behavioral responding and causality judgments remaining contingency-sensitive. Rather than a generalized deficit, a reinforcer-specific attenuation emerged: across groups, behavioral contingency sensitivity was selectively reduced when responding for alcohol. Explicit contingency judgments remained intact and were stronger in individuals with AUD than in healthy control individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings do not support a generalized deficit in goal-directed control in AUD. Instead, goal-directed control appears selectively attenuated in alcohol-related contexts across groups, potentially reflecting reinforcement-history-dependent reductions in contingency-sensitive responding. Alcohol-specific reductions in goal-directed control may emerge early in alcohol use, underscoring the importance of reinforcer context.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e339"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'What doesn't kill you doesn't always make you stronger': The impact of repeated exposure to adverse life events on mental health.","authors":"Alexander Chye, Richard W Morris, Nick Glozier","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repeated exposure to adversity is universal to the human experience and may impact mental health negatively. However, competing hypotheses predict that repeated adversity leads to either sensitisation or habituation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a 22-year Australian population-based panel study, we examined changes in mental health following repeated exposure to seven common adverse life events in adulthood. Mixed-effects regression models estimated the relationship between repeated exposure to adverse life events of the same type and its impact on the Mental Health Inventory-5 score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All seven adverse life events were associated with significant negative mental health impacts at each occurrence. Patterns of mental health response to repeated exposure varied by event type in the primary analysis. Sensitisation was observed for major worsening in finances and victimisation by property crime. Habituation was observed for separation/divorce and serious personal injury/illness. For physical violence, serious family injury/illness, and firing/redundancy, we found no clear associations. Sensitisation and habituation effects appeared to 'plateau' after the second adverse event rather than accumulating with exposure. Strength and direction of associations were robust to adjustments for pre-event mental health and a Mundlak correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a population-based sample over two decades we found event-specific sensitisation and habituation in response to repeated adverse life events. Both effects appeared to 'plateau' after the second event. Our findings provide no consistent support for a single universal model of stress-response, indicating that how individuals respond psychologically to adversity is more nuanced and may depend on contextual factors such as individual meaning, resilience, or resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global trends in adolescent school loneliness from 2000 to 2022: An analysis of gender and socioeconomic inequalities across 87 countries.","authors":"Mariko Hosozawa, Kenta Igami, Daniel Stanyon, Hadrien Charvat, Gemma Knowles, Atsushi Nishida, Toshiaki Shimizu, Ai Ikeda, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite concerns over increasing adolescent loneliness and its lasting negative impact on mental and physical health, global trends and the gender and socioeconomic inequalities remain unclear. The study examined trends in adolescent school loneliness from 2000 to 2022 across 87 countries, analyzing disparities by gender, socioeconomic status, and country-income level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the Programme for International Student Assessment, a nationally representative survey of 15-year-olds conducted in 2000, 2003, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2022. School loneliness was measured by a composite score from six self-reported questions. We used mixed-effects regression modeling and meta-regression to analyze trends by gender, socioeconomic status, and country-income level (low and lower-middle, upper-middle, or high).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 2,155,046 students, 50.8% were girls (<i>n</i> = 1,095,010), and school loneliness increased over time. Although boys initially reported higher school loneliness, girls' school loneliness increased more rapidly, surpassing boys' levels around 2012 in high-income countries and around 2018 in upper-middle-income countries. This gender-based reversal was not evident in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Low socioeconomic status was consistently associated with greater school loneliness across genders and across all country-income groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescent school loneliness has increased globally over the past two decades, becoming particularly pronounced among girls in wealthier nations, leading to a widening gender gap by 2022. Socioeconomic disadvantages are a common risk factor for higher levels of school loneliness across all income groups. Public health strategies aimed at mitigating global trends in adolescent school loneliness and addressing its socioeconomic and growing gender disparities are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Professor Uta Frith questioning whether autism has lost its meaning and is leading to misdiagnosis.","authors":"Nicholas Chown, Elsa Suckle","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterograde and retrograde amnesia following electroconvulsive therapy: A controlled longitudinal study accounting for time and depression.","authors":"André Beyer Mathiassen, Christoffer Cramer Lundsgaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Kamilla Miskowiak, Poul Videbech","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106187","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726106187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be accompanied by amnesia. However, the extent to which different memory subtypes are affected is unclear, as well-controlled longitudinal studies are sparse. We aimed to investigate short- and long-term effects of ECT on different aspects of memory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited patients with depression referred to ECT (<i>n</i> = 31) or other treatment (<i>n</i> = 21) and healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 29). We measured autobiographical (Columbia Autobiographical Memory Interview - Short Form), verbal (Verbal Learning Test - Delayed), and visual (Rey Complex Figure Test) anterograde memory at baseline (T1), post-ECT (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3). We performed a repeated measures mixed ANOVA for each outcome. An ANCOVA explored whether age and cognitive reserve were associated with severity of amnesia. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04160286.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A substantial effect of ECT on autobiographical memory was indicated by a group-by-time interaction, <i>F</i> (3.45, 103.51) = 22.261, <i>p</i> < 0.001, partial <i>η</i>² = 0.426. The effect remained stable, and inferior to control groups, at T3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A large effect of ECT on verbal anterograde memory was suggested by a group-by-time interaction, <i>F</i> (2, 68) = 6.138, <i>p</i> = 0.004, partial <i>η</i>² = 0.153, reflecting transient impairment after ECT (<i>p</i> = 0.009). No ECT-related decline in visual anterograde memory was observed (<i>p</i> = 1.0). Neither age nor cognitive reserve was associated with degree of amnesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that ECT may be associated with autobiographical amnesia, potentially lasting at least 6 months, and transient verbal, but not visual, anterograde amnesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e328"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}