Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Advancing the personalized advantage index (PAI): a systematic review and application in two large multi-site samples in anxiety disorders.","authors":"Charlotte Meinke, Silvan Hornstein, Johanna Schmidt, Volker Arolt, Udo Dannlowski, Jürgen Deckert, Katharina Domschke, Lydia Fehm, Thomas Fydrich, Alexander L Gerlach, Alfons O Hamm, Ingmar Heinig, Jürgen Hoyer, Tilo Kircher, Katja Koelkebeck, Thomas Lang, Jürgen Margraf, Peter Neudeck, Paul Pauli, Jan Richter, Winfried Rief, Silvia Schneider, Benjamin Straube, Andreas Ströhle, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Peter Zwanzger, Henrik Walter, Ulrike Lueken, Andre Pittig, Kevin Hilbert","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) shows promise as a method for identifying the most effective treatment for individual patients. Previous studies have demonstrated its utility in retrospective evaluations across various settings. In this study, we explored the effect of different methodological choices in predictive modelling underlying the PAI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our approach involved a two-step procedure. First, we conducted a review of prior studies utilizing the PAI, evaluating each study using the Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). We specifically assessed whether the studies adhered to two standards of predictive modeling: refraining from using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO CV) and preventing data leakage. Second, we examined the impact of deviating from these methodological standards in real data. We employed both a traditional approach violating these standards and an advanced approach implementing them in two large-scale datasets, PANIC-net (<i>n</i> = 261) and Protect-AD (<i>n</i> = 614).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PROBAST-rating revealed a substantial risk of bias across studies, primarily due to inappropriate methodological choices. Most studies did not adhere to the examined prediction modeling standards, employing LOO CV and allowing data leakage. The comparison between the traditional and advanced approach revealed that ignoring these standards could systematically overestimate the utility of the PAI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study cautions that violating standards in predictive modeling may strongly influence the evaluation of the PAI's utility, possibly leading to false positive results. To support an unbiased evaluation, crucial for potential clinical application, we provide a low-bias, openly accessible, and meticulously annotated script implementing the PAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal mechanisms of quadruple networks in pediatric bipolar disorder.","authors":"Rong Wang, Chun Wang, Gui Zhang, Inaki-Carril Mundinano, Gang Zheng, Qian Xiao, Yuan Zhong","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is characterized by abnormal functional connectivity among distributed brain regions. Increasing evidence suggests a role for the limbic network (LN) and the triple network model in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the specific relationship between the LN and the triple network in PBD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the aberrant causal connections among these four core networks in PBD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Resting-state functional MRI scans from 92 PBD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) was employed to assess effective connectivity (EC) among the four core networks. Parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) analysis was conducted to identify ECs associated with group differences, as well as depression and mania severity. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to test predictive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Compared to HCs, PBD patients exhibited primarily excitatory bottom-up connections from the LN to the salience network (SN) and bidirectional excitatory connections between the default mode network (DMN) and SN. In PBD, top-down connectivity from the triple network to the LN was excitatory in individuals with higher depression severity but inhibitory in those with higher mania severity. LOOCV identified dysconnectivity circuits involving the caudate and hippocampus as being associated with mania and depression severity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disrupted bottom-up connections from the LN to the triple network distinguish PBD patients from healthy controls, while top-down disruptions from the triple network to LN relate to mood state differences. These findings offer insight into the neural mechanisms of PBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triangulating the associations of different types of childhood adversity and first-episode psychosis with cortical thickness across brain regions.","authors":"Natalia E Fares-Otero, Norma Verdolini, Helena Melero, Pablo Andrés-Camazón, Enric Vilajosana, Vito Cavone, Borja García-Bueno, Marta Rapado-Castro, Ana Izquierdo, David Martín-Hernández, Pablo Mola Cárdenes, Itziar Leal, Monica Dompablo, Ana Ortiz-Tallo, Isabel Martinez-Gras, Ainoa Muñoz-Sanjose, Carmen Loeck de Lapuerta, Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez, Marina Díaz Marsá, Maria-Fe Bravo-Ortiz, Angela Ibañez, Enrique Baca-García, Eduard Vieta, J L Ayuso-Mateos, Norberto Malpica, Celso Arango, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja, Joaquim Radua","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both childhood adversity (CA) and first-episode psychosis (FEP) have been linked to alterations in cortical thickness (CT). The interactive effects between different types of CAs and FEP on CT remain understudied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One-hundred sixteen individuals with FEP (mean age = 23.8 ± 6.9 years, 34% females, 80.2% non-affective FEP) and 98 healthy controls (HCs) (mean age = 24.4 ± 6.2 years, 43% females) reported the presence/absence of CA <17 years using an adapted version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA.Q) and the Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire (RBQ) and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Correlation analyses were used to assess associations between brain maps of CA and FEP effects. General linear models (GLMs) were performed to assess the interaction effects of CA and FEP on CT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-three individuals with FEP and 83 HCs reported exposure to at least one CA. CT alterations in FEP were similar to those found in participants exposed to separation from parents, bullying, parental discord, household poverty, and sexual abuse (<i>r</i> = 0.50 to 0.25). Exposure to neglect (<i>β</i> = -0.24, 95% CI [-0.37 to -0.12], <i>p</i> = 0.016) and overall maltreatment (<i>β</i> = -0.13, 95% CI [-0.20 to -0.06], <i>p</i> = 0.043) were associated with cortical thinning in the right medial orbitofrontal region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cortical alterations in individuals with FEP are similar to those observed in the context of socio-environmental adversity. Neglect and maltreatment may contribute to CT reductions in FEP. Our findings provide new insights into the specific neurobiological effects of CA in early psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structural damage networks at different stages of schizophrenia.","authors":"Ruoxuan Xu, Xiaohan Zhang, Shanlei Zhou, Lixin Guo, Fan Mo, Haining Ma, Jiajia Zhu, Yinfeng Qian","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroimaging studies have documented brain structural changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness, including clinical high-risk (cHR), genetic high-risk (gHR), first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and chronic schizophrenia (ChS). There is growing awareness that neuropathological processes associated with a disease fail to map to a specific brain region but do map to a specific brain network. We sought to investigate brain structural damage networks across different stages of schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We initially identified gray matter alterations in 523 cHR, 855 gHR, 2162 FES, and 2640 ChS individuals relative to 6963 healthy controls. By applying novel functional connectivity network mapping to large-scale discovery and validation resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets, we mapped these affected brain locations to four specific networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain structural damage networks of cHR and gHR had limited and non-overlapping spatial distributions, with the former mainly involving the frontoparietal network and the latter principally implicating the subcortical network, indicative of distinct neuropathological mechanisms underlying cHR and gHR. By contrast, brain structural damage networks of FES and ChS manifested as similar patterns of widespread brain areas predominantly involving the somatomotor, ventral attention, and subcortical networks, suggesting an emergence of more prominent brain structural abnormalities with illness onset that have trait-like stability over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings may not only provide a refined picture of schizophrenia neuropathology from a network perspective, but also potentially contribute to more targeted and effective intervention strategies for individuals at different schizophrenia stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labor market marginalization in individuals with bipolar disorder: a Swedish nationwide register-based sibling comparison study.","authors":"Bergný Ármannsdóttir, Heidi Taipale, Aemal Akhtar, Alexander Kautzky, Emma Björkenstam, Johannes Lieslehto, Jari Tiihonen, Ridwanul Amin, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of large-scale studies exploring labor market marginalization (LMM) among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate the association of BD with subsequent LMM in Sweden, and the effect of sex on LMM in BD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals aged 19-60 years living in Sweden with a first-time BD diagnosis between 2007 and 2016 (<i>n</i> = 25 231) were followed from the date of diagnosis for a maximum of 14 years. Risk of disability pension (DP), long-term sickness absence (SA) (>90 days), and long-term unemployment (>180 days) was compared to a matched comparison group from the general population, matched 1:5 on sex and birth year (<i>n</i> = 126 155), and unaffected full siblings (<i>n</i> = 24 098), using sex-stratified Cox regression analysis, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, baseline labor market status, and comorbid disorders, individuals with BD had a significantly higher risk of DP compared to the general population (HR = 16.67, 95% CI 15.33-18.13) and their unaffected siblings (HR = 5.54, 95% CI 4.96-6.18). Individuals with BD were also more likely to experience long-term SA compared to the general population (HR = 3.19, 95% CI 3.09-3.30) and their unaffected siblings (HR = 2.83, 95% CI 2.70-2.97). Moreover, individuals diagnosed with BD had an elevated risk of long-term unemployment relative to both comparison groups (HR range: 1.75-1.78). Men with BD had a higher relative risk of SA and unemployment than women. No difference was found in DP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with BD face elevated risks of LMM compared to both the general population and unaffected siblings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of psychotropics on the associations between extreme temperature and heat-related outcomes among people with mental health conditions: population-based study.","authors":"Angel Y S Wong, Masao Iwagami, Yuta Taniguchi, Chitose Kawamura, Ai Suzuki, Ian J Douglas, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Takehiro Sugiyama, Naoaki Kuroda, Dorothea Nitsch, Nanako Tamiya","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between heatwave and heat-related outcomes in people with mental health conditions with and without psychotropics was unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified people with severe mental illness (SMI) and depression, respectively, using Japanese claim data of Ibaraki prefecture during 1/1/2014-31/12/2021. We conducted self-controlled case series to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of heat-related illness, myocardial infarction and delirium, respectively, during 5-day pre-heatwave, heatwave, and 5-day post-heatwave periods <i>v.</i> all other periods (baseline) within an individual, stratified by periods prescribed psychotropics and periods not prescribed psychotropics, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among people with SMI, heatwave was associated with an increased rate of heat-related illness <i>v.</i> baseline, with no evidence of a difference in the IRRs between those prescribed <i>v.</i> not prescribed antipsychotics (IRR: 1.48 [95% CI 1.40-1.56]; 1.45 [95% CI 1.35-1.56] respectively, <i>p</i> interaction: 0.53). Among people with depression, heatwave was similarly associated with heat-related illness, with no evidence of a difference in the IRRs between those prescribed <i>v.</i> not prescribed antidepressants (IRR: 1.54 [95% CI 1.46-1.64]; 1.64 [95% CI 1.57-1.71] respectively, <i>p</i> interaction: 0.33). Smaller increased rates of heat-related illness were also observed in pre- and post-heatwave periods, <i>v.</i> baseline in both cohorts. There was weak evidence of an increased risk of MI and delirium associated with heatwave <i>v.</i> baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We showed an increased risk of heat-related illness, myocardial infarction and delirium associated with heatwave in people with mental health conditions regardless of whether being prescribed psychotropics. Risks of heat-related illness, myocardial infarction and delirium associated with heatwave might not be factors to influence decisions about the routine use of psychotropics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REM disruption and REM vagal activity predict extinction recall in trauma-exposed individuals.","authors":"Cagri Yuksel, Lauren Watford, Monami Muranaka, Carolina Daffre, Emma McCoy, Hannah Lax, Augustus Kram Mendelsohn, Katelyn I Oliver, Alexis Acosta, Abegail Vidrin, Uriel Martinez, Natasha Lasko, Scott Orr, Edward F Pace-Schott","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002757","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724002757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence suggests that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) supports the consolidation of extinction memory. REM is disrupted in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and REM abnormalities after traumatic events increase the risk of developing PTSD. Therefore, it was hypothesized that abnormal REM in trauma-exposed individuals may pave the way for PTSD by interfering with the processing of extinction memory. In addition, PTSD patients display reduced vagal activity. Vagal activity contributes to the strengthening of memories, including fear extinction memory, and recent studies show that the role of vagus in memory processing extends to memory consolidation during sleep. Therefore, it is plausible that reduced vagal activity during sleep in trauma-exposed individuals may be an additional mechanism that impairs extinction memory consolidation. However, to date, the contribution of sleep vagal activity to the consolidation of extinction memory or any emotional memory has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trauma-exposed individuals (<i>n</i> = 113) underwent a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction protocol. Conditioning and extinction learning phases were followed by extinction recall 24 h later. The association of extinction recall with REM characteristics and REM vagal activity (indexed as heart rate variability) during the intervening consolidation night was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with our hypotheses, REM disruption was associated with poorer physiological and explicit extinction memory. Furthermore, higher vagal activity during REM was associated with better explicit extinction memory, and physiological extinction memory in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the notion that abnormal REM, including reduced REM vagal activity, may contribute to PTSD by impairing the consolidation of extinction memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are trauma-related beliefs associated with psychosis symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rachel Frost, Olivia Collier, Amy Hardy","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma-related beliefs are theorized to contribute to the development and maintenance of psychosis symptoms. However, the evidence for this proposal has yet to be systematically reviewed. This article is the first to synthesize and meta-analyze studies examining associations between trauma-related beliefs and psychosis symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and negative symptoms. A systematic database search of Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, CINHAL, and Cochrane identified a total of 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria for systematic review and 11 articles which met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Separate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for each psychosis symptom. Meta-analytic findings demonstrated a small to moderate association between trauma-related beliefs and hallucination severity (<i>k</i> = 7, <i>r</i> = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.39), a moderate to large association with delusion severity (<i>k</i> = 8, <i>r</i> = 0.43, 95% CI 0.31-0.54), and large association with paranoia severity (<i>k</i> = 4, <i>r</i> = 0.58, 95% CI 0.49-0.66). Narrative synthesis findings indicate that evidence for an association between negative symptoms and trauma-related beliefs was inconclusive. The meta-analytic findings provide support for an association between trauma-related beliefs and positive psychosis symptoms. This provides evidence suggesting trauma therapies for psychosis that target these beliefs may improve distressing psychosis. However, further research adopting longitudinal designs and controlling for confounders is required to better establish causality, including mediation analysis of therapy trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dialectical behavior therapy skills training smartphone app for recurrent binge eating: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Jake Linardon, Cleo Anderson, Zoe McClure, Claudia Liu, Mariel Messer, Hannah K Jarman, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a specialized treatment that has a growing evidence base for binge-spectrum eating disorders. However, cost and workforce capacity limit wide-scale uptake of DBT since it involves over 20 in-person sessions with a trained professional (and six sessions for guided self-help format). Interventions translated for delivery through modern technology offer a solution to increase the accessibility of evidence-based treatments. We developed the first DBT-specific skills training smartphone application (<i>Resilience</i>: <i>eDBT</i>) for binge-spectrum eating disorders and evaluated its efficacy in a randomized clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants reporting recurrent binge eating were randomized to <i>Resilience</i> (<i>n</i> = 287) or a waitlist (<i>n</i> = 289). Primary outcomes were objective binge eating episodes and global levels of eating disorder psychopathology. Secondary outcomes were behavioral and cognitive symptoms, psychological distress, and the hypothesized processes of change (mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the intervention group reported greater reductions in objective binge eating episodes (incidence rate ratio = 0.69) and eating disorder psychopathology (<i>d</i> = -0.68) than the waitlist at 6 weeks. Significant group differences favoring the intervention group were also observed on secondary outcomes, except for subjective binge eating, psychological distress, and distress tolerance. Primary symptoms showed further improvements from 6 to 12 weeks. However, dropout rate was high (48%) among the intervention group, and engagement decreased over the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A novel, low-intensity DBT skills training app can effectively reduce symptoms of eating disorders. Scalable apps like these may increase the accessibility of evidence-based treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis use in youth is associated with chronic inflammation.","authors":"Emmet Power, David Mongan, Colm Healy, Subash Raj Susai, Melanie Föcking, Stanley Zammit, Mary Cannon, David Cotter","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724002848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Markers of inflammation and cannabis exposure are associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. In the current study, we investigated associations between cannabis use and biomarkers of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing a sample of 914 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we investigated whether interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i> (TNF<i>α</i>), C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) measured at age 24 were associated with past year daily cannabis use, less frequent cannabis use, and no past year cannabis use. We adjusted for a number of covariates including sociodemographic measures, body mass index, childhood trauma, and tobacco smoking. We found evidence of a strong association between daily or near daily cannabis use and suPAR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We did not find any associations between less frequent cannabis use and suPAR. We did not find evidence of an association between IL-6, TNF<i>α</i> or CRP, and cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our finding that frequent cannabis use is strongly associated with suPAR, a biomarker of systemic chronic inflammation implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes is novel. These findings may provide valuable insights into biological mechanisms by which cannabis affects the brain and impacts the risk of serious mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}