Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cortical morphometric similarity gradient in schizophrenia and its association with transcriptional profiles and clinical phenotype.","authors":"Yong Han, Xiujuan Wang, Shumin Cheng, Pengyue Yan, Yi Chen, Ning Kang, Zhilu Zhou, Xiaoge Guo, Yanli Lu, Qi Wang, Xue Li, Xi Su, Han Shi, Qing Liu, Wenqiang Li, Yongfeng Yang, Luxian Lv","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have increasingly utilized gradient metrics to investigate the spatial transitions of brain organization, enabling the conversion of macroscale brain features into low-dimensional manifold representations. However, it remains unclear whether alterations exist in the cortical morphometric similarity (MS) network gradient in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). This study aims to examine potential differences in the principal MS gradient between individuals with SCZ and healthy controls and to explore how these differences relate to transcriptional profiles and clinical phenomenology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MS network was constructed in this study, and its gradient of the network was computed in 203 patients with SCZ and 201 healthy controls, who shared the same demographics in terms of age and gender. To examine irregularities in the MS network gradient, between-group comparisons were carried out, and partial least squares regression analysis was used to study the relationships between the MS network gradient-based variations in SCZ, and gene expression patterns and clinical phenotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In contrast to healthy controls, the principal MS gradient of patients with SCZ was primarily significantly lower in sensorimotor areas, and higher in more areas. In addition, the aberrant gradient pattern was spatially linked with the genes enriched for neurobiologically significant pathways and preferential expression in various brain regions and cortical layers. Furthermore, there were strong positive connections between the principal MS gradient and the symptomatologic score in SCZ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings showed changes in the principal MS network gradient in SCZ and offered potential molecular explanations for the structural changes underpinning SCZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e97"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental psychiatric disorders and age-specific risk for offspring major depression: Finnish nationwide register-based study.","authors":"Subina Upadhyaya, Dan Sucksdorff, Miina Koskela, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Alan S Brown, Andre Sourander","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited studies have examined the association between the whole range of parental psychopathology and offspring major depression (MD). No previous study has examined this association by age of onset of offspring MD, or restricting to parental psychiatric diagnoses before offspring birth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nested case-control study included 37,677 cases of MD and 145,068 controls, identified from Finnish national registers. Conditional logistic regression models examined the association between parental psychopathology and MD, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased risk of MD, expressed as adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (aOR [95% CI]) were most strongly observed for maternal diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (2.51 [2.24-2.82]) and depression (2.19 [2.11-2.28]), and paternal diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (2.0 [1.75-2.29]) and conduct disorders (1.90 [1.40-2.59]). The aORs for any psychiatric diagnosis were (2.66 [2.54-2.78]) for mothers, (1.95 [1.86-2.04]) for fathers, and (4.50 [4.24-4.79]) for both parents. When both parents had any psychiatric diagnosis, the highest risk was for MD diagnosed at the age of 5-12 years (7.66 [6.60-8.89]); versus at 13-18 years (4.13 [3.85-4.44]) or 19-25 years (3.37 [2.78-4.07]). A stronger association with parental psychopathology and offspring MD was seen among boys than girls, especially among 13-19 years and 19-25 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental psychiatric disorders, including those diagnosed before offspring birth, were associated with offspring MD, indicating potential genetic and environmental factors in the development of the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e96"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive behavioral interventions for depression and anxiety in adults with neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis: reply to Zhou et al.","authors":"Milena Gandy, Thomas Woldhuis, Wendy Wu, Marette Youssef, Madelyne A Bisby, Blake F Dear, Andreea I Heriseanu, Amelia J Scott","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e94"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal clinically important differences for treatment of hallucinations in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.","authors":"Suzanne Reeves, Josef Mahdi, Matthew Appleby, Olga Zubko, Teresa Lee, Julie A Barber, Kathy Y Liu, John-Paul Taylor, Emily J Henderson, Anette Schrag, Robert Howard, Rimona S Weil","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hallucinations are common and distressing symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Treatment response in clinical trials is measured using validated questionnaires, including the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms-Hallucinations (SAPS-H) and University of Miami PD Hallucinations Questionnaire (UM-PDHQ). The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has not been determined for either scale. This study aimed to estimate a range of MCIDs for SAPS-H and UM-PDHQ using both consensus-based and statistical approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Delphi survey was used to seek opinions of researchers, clinicians, and people with lived experience. We defined consensus as agreement ≥75%. Statistical approaches used blinded data from the first 100 PD participants in the Trial for Ondansetron as Parkinson's Hallucinations Treatment (TOP HAT, NCT04167813). The distribution-based approach defined the MCID as 0.5 of the standard deviation of change in scores from baseline at 12 weeks. The anchor-based approach defined the MCID as the average change in scores corresponding to a 1-point improvement in clinical global impression-severity scale (CGI-S).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one researchers and clinicians contributed to three rounds of the Delphi survey and reached consensus that the MCID was 2 points on both scales. Sixteen experts with lived experience reached the same consensus. Distribution-defined MCIDs were 2.6 points for SAPS-H and 1.3 points for UM-PDHQ, whereas anchor-based MCIDs were 2.1 and 1.3 points, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We used triangulation from multiple methodologies to derive the range of MCID estimates for the two rating scales, which was between 2 and 2.7 points for SAPS-H and 1.3 and 2 points for UM-PDHQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain functional connectivity and anatomical features as predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy outcome for anxiety in youths.","authors":"Andre Zugman, Grace V Ringlein, Emily S Finn, Krystal M Lewis, Erin Berman, Wendy K Silverman, Eli R Lebowitz, Daniel S Pine, Anderson M Winkler","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003131","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291724003131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because pediatric anxiety disorders precede the onset of many other problems, successful prediction of response to the first-line treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), could have a major impact. This study evaluates whether structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can predict post-CBT anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two datasets were studied: (A) one consisted of <i>n</i> = 54 subjects with an anxiety diagnosis, who received 12 weeks of CBT, and (B) one consisted of <i>n</i> = 15 subjects treated for 8 weeks. Connectome predictive modeling (CPM) was used to predict treatment response, as assessed with the PARS. The main analysis included network edges positively correlated with treatment outcome and age, sex, and baseline anxiety severity as predictors. Results from alternative models and analyses are also presented. Model assessments utilized 1000 bootstraps, resulting in a 95% CI for <i>R</i>², <i>r</i>, and mean absolute error (MAE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main model showed a MAE of approximately 3.5 (95% CI: [3.1-3.8]) points, an <i>R</i>² of 0.08 [-0.14-0.26], and an <i>r</i> of 0.38 [0.24-0.511]. When testing this model in the left-out sample (B), the results were similar, with an MAE of 3.4 [2.8-4.7], <i>R</i>²-0.65 [-2.29-0.16], and <i>r</i> of 0.4 [0.24-0.54]. The anatomical metrics showed a similar pattern, where models rendered overall low <i>R</i>².</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis showed that models based on earlier promising results failed to predict clinical outcomes. Despite the small sample size, this study does not support the extensive use of CPM to predict outcomes in pediatric anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e91"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing of dropouts in the mental health of refugees and asylum seekers (MEHIRA) study examining the effects of a stepped and collaborative care model - a multicentered rater-blinded randomized controlled trial - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Solveig Kemna, Max Bringmann, Carine Karnouk, Andreas Hoell, Mira Tschorn, Inge Kamp-Becker, Frank Padberg, Aline Übleis, Alkomiet Hasan, Peter Falkai, Hans-Joachim Salize, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Tobias Banaschewski, Frank Schneider, Ute Habel, Paul Plener, Eric Hahn, Maren Wiechers, Michael Strupf, Andrea Jobst, Sabina Millenet, Edgar Hoehne, Thorsten Sukale, Martin Schuster, Raphael Dinauer, Nassim Mehran, Franziska Kaiser, Klaus Lieb, Andreas Heinz, Michael Rapp, Malek Bajbouj, Kerem Böge","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e95"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of oxytocin plasma levels in borderline personality disorder and normalization induced by psychotherapies.","authors":"Luisella Bocchio Chiavetto, Daniela Tardito, Chiara Galbiati, Clarissa Ferrari, Mariangela Lanfredi, Laura Pedrini, Antonino Carcione, Ilaria Riccardi, Giuseppe Nicolò, Roberta Rossi","doi":"10.1017/S003329172500042X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172500042X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsive behaviors, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Despite the poor understanding of the underlying biological processes, the oxytocin (OXT) system may be involved in and mediate some of BPD's symptomatic and behavioral aspects. To clarify OXT's role in BPD, we assessed its plasma levels and modulations induced by psychotherapies in patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty BPD patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study; patients were randomly assigned to two psychotherapeutic treatments: metacognitive interpersonal therapy and structured clinical management. Clinical and psychometric measures were assessed, and plasma was collected at baseline (T0) and in patients after 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months of treatment. OXT was quantified by a radioimmunoassay technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPD patients showed lower plasma OXT at T0 than HC (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and a correlation was observed (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.017) between low OXT concentrations and high Attachment Style Questionnaire - Italian Version-Preoccupation with Relationships subscale scores. OXT changed significantly over time in patients (<i>p</i> = 0.049) with an increase particularly evident from baseline to T6 (<i>p</i> = 0.022), without significant difference between treatment groups. OXT changes (T0 - T12) inversely correlated with symptom improvement as changes in the Zanarini Rating Scale for borderline personality disorder (<i>r</i> = 0.387, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (<i>r</i> = 0.387, <i>p</i> = 0.005) scores during treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OXT alteration in BPD patients and the regularizing effect of long-term psychotherapies support an involvement of the OXT system in the disease and in treatment impact. More research is needed to fully understand the underlying causal mechanisms linking OXT with pathogenesis and psychotherapy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e92"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clozapine-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: Clinical and cognitive determinants of dysfunctional checking.","authors":"Marjan Biria, Paula Banca, Isaac Jarratt Barnham, Aleya A Marzuki, Nuria Segarra, Engin Keser, Akeem Sule, Marija Farrugia, Qiang Luo, Naomi Fineberg, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Trevor W Robbins","doi":"10.1017/S0033291724003350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724003350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) emerge in a significant proportion of clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients, affecting social functioning and increasing depressive symptoms. This study investigates the underexplored cognitive mechanisms of clozapine-induced OCS, particularly focusing on dysfunctional checking behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and cognitive profiles of OCS and their relationship to dysfunctional checking were investigated using a novel checking paradigm (image verification task or IVT) in four groups: clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients with clozapine-induced OCS (SCZ-OCS, n = 21) and without (SCZ-only, n = 15), patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 32) and IQ-matched healthy volunteers (HV, n = 30).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only SCZ-OCS patients showed a distinctive pattern of dysfunctional checking on the IVT. Compared with SCZ-OCS, SCZ-only patients exhibited functional checking while having equivalent deficits in executive cognition, clozapine dose, and treatment duration, though with less severe positive and depressive symptoms. In SCZ-OCS, dysfunctional checking was positively correlated with clozapine dose and working memory performance. By contrast, OCD patients' checking was positively related to intolerance of uncertainty. Checking in the OCD and SCZ-OCS groups was positively correlated with YBOCS-compulsion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to compare the distinct cognitive and clinical profiles of SCZ-OCS, SCZ-only, and OCD, with a focus on checking behavior, a major symptom in clozapine-treated patients. We introduced a novel and sensitive measure for checking, which showed dysfunctional checking only in SCZ-OCS patients treated with clozapine. These findings indicate that a subset of patients with schizophrenia with more severe positive symptoms and cognitive deficits are especially susceptible to OCD symptoms when treated with clozapine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e87"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating causal discovery and clinically-relevant insights to explore directional relationships between autistic features, sex at birth, and cognitive abilities.","authors":"Angela Tseng, Sunday M Francis, Eric Rawls, Christine Conelea, Nicola M Grissom, Erich Kummerfeld, Sisi Ma, Suma Jacob","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000571","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291725000571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Access to \"big data\" is a boon for researchers, fostering collaboration and resource-sharing to accelerate advancements across fields. Yet, disentangling complex datasets has been hindered by methodological limitations, calling for alternative, interdisciplinary approaches to parse manifold multi-directional pathways between clinical features, particularly for highly heterogeneous autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite a long history of male-bias in ASD prevalence, no consensus has been reached regarding mechanisms underlying sex-related discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Applying a novel network-theory-based approach, we extracted data-driven, clinically-relevant insights from a well-characterized sample (http://sfari.org/simons-simplex-collection) of autistic males (N = 2175, Age = 8.9 ± 3.5 years) and females (N = 334, Age = 9.2 ± 3.7 years). Expert clinical review of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results yielded factors of interest in sensory, social, and restricted and repetitive behavior domains. To offset inherent confounds of sample imbalance, we identified a comparison subgroup of males (N = 331) matched to females (by age, IQ). We applied data-driven causal discovery analysis (CDA) using Greedy Fast Causal Inference (GFCI) on three groups (all females, all males, matched males). Structural equation modeling (SEM) extracted measures of model-fit and effect sizes for causal relationships between sex, age-at-enrollment, and IQ on EFA-determined factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified potential targets for intervention at nodes with mediating or indirect effects. For example, in the female and matched male groups, analyses suggest mitigating RRB domain behaviors may lead to downstream reductions in oppositional and self-injurious behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our investigation unveiled sex-specific directional relationships that inform our understanding of differing needs and outcomes associated with biological sex in autism and may serve to further development of targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e89"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of mental disorders in children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Yubo Liu, Yijun Ren, Chenxi Liu, Xiaoli Chen, Danlei Li, Jia Peng, Liao Tan, Qilin Ma","doi":"10.1017/S0033291725000649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood and adolescence are vulnerable periods for mental disorders, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges in this population. We aimed to estimate changes in the global burden of mental disorders among children and adolescents before and during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021, we analyzed incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for mental disorders in individuals aged 5-24. Annual percent changes in age-standardized rates were calculated, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model estimated the expected and additional burden based on pre-pandemic trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, an estimated 123.0 million new cases of mental disorders were reported among children and adolescents, with an 11.8% average annual increase in the age-standardized incidence rate during the pandemic. Anxiety disorders, which previously ranked third, became the leading cause of nonfatal disability (12.9 million [8.0-19.3] YLDs), while depressive disorders rose to fourth place (10.9 million [6.8-16.5] YLDs). The burden grew in most regions, especially among females, those aged 15-24, and in high sociodemographic index (SDI) areas. Based on pre-pandemic data, we estimated an additional burden of 795.0, 165.9, and 622.8 new cases per 100,000 population for total mental disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders globally in 2021, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between additional burden and SDI levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the increased burden of mental disorders among children and adolescents during the pandemic, emphasizing the need for targeted post-pandemic mental health support.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"e90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}