Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Sleep disturbances and functional impairment in severe mental illness: A structural equation modeling study.","authors":"Constanza Sommerhoff, Marta Bort, Victoria Ruiz, María Yudit Rivas, Giovanna Fico, Tábatha Fernández, Michele De Prisco, Vincenzo Oliva, Eduard Vieta, Andrea Murru","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and are associated with functional impairment. This study examined the prevalence of sleep disturbances and their associations with psychiatric symptoms and functional outcomes in a transdiagnostic SMI sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, SMI outpatients completed standardized assessments of sleep disturbances (PSQI, ISI, STOP-Bang, ESS, SQ-RLS, and SQ-RBD), psychiatric symptoms (HARS, MADRS, YMRS, PANSS-N, and CGI-S), and functioning (FAST). Bivariate analyses were followed by structural equation modeling (SEM), including latent constructs for insomnia and depressive/anxious symptoms to estimate direct and indirect associations with functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 229 participants were included, and 69% screened positive for at least one sleep measure, including poor sleep quality (55.5%). Among the specific sleep-related problems, high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (45.8%) was the most prevalent. Sleep disturbances were associated with greater clinical severity and worse functional impairment. In the SEM, depressive/anxious symptoms (<i>β</i> = 0.45), negative symptoms (<i>β</i> = 0.38), manic symptoms (<i>β</i> = 0.17), and OSA risk (<i>β</i> = 0.41) were independently associated with functional impairment. Insomnia exhibited an inconsistent pattern, with a negative direct effect (<i>β</i> = -0.47) and a positive indirect effect on functional impairment through depressive/anxious symptoms (<i>β</i> = 0.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in individuals with SMI and are associated with functional outcomes, particularly insomnia and OSA risk. Systematic screening for sleep disturbances in psychiatric care may help identify clinically relevant and potentially modifiable factors associated with functional impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e323"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated brain aging as a transdiagnostic biomarker: A lifespan MRI brain age study across seven disorders.","authors":"Yubraj Gupta, Feliberto de la Cruz, Maria Geisler, Katrin Rieger, Andy Schumann, Karl-Jürgen Bär","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610587X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610587X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accelerated brain aging has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders; however, findings remain inconsistent due to limited lifespan modeling and inadequate age-bias correction. This study aimed to establish normative brain-aging trajectories across the lifespan and quantify disorder-specific deviations in brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) in a large, age-diverse sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Brain-age models were trained on structural MRI data from 25,425 healthy individuals (aged 2-95 years) and validated in 270 independent cross-sectional and 188 longitudinal participants from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study. Clinical analyses included 1,737 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic substance use disorder (CSUD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), compared with 1,793 age-matched controls. Brain-PAD was computed after age-bias correction, regional morphometric differences were assessed using ANCOVA, and model interpretability was evaluated using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved a mean absolute error of ~5-7 years across validation and independent cohorts. Healthy individuals showed median brain-PAD values near zero, and longitudinal analyses tracked within-person aging. Significantly elevated Δbrain-PAD values were observed in SZ (+7.64 years), FTD (+7.61 years), AD (+3.24 years), BD (+2.08 years), MDD (+2.76 years), and CSUD (+2.91 years), but not in ADHD. Regional analyses revealed shared and disorder-specific morphometric alterations, and SHAP highlighted key contributions from ventricular enlargement and fronto-parietal cortical features.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brain-PAD captures biologically meaningful structural variation across disorders and provides a quantitative framework for investigating lifespan brain aging in psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy modulates excitation-inhibition balance in major depression disorder.","authors":"Xiaohui Yu, Futing Yang, Wei Shang, Bochao Cheng, Libo Wang, Xingwen Xia, Meiling Chen, Yanghua Tian, Jiaojian Wang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a major pathological characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether/how electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) modulates neuronal homeostasis or E/I balance in MDD and its molecular basis is still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, longitudinal rs-fMRI data from 46 patients with MDD receiving ECT and 46 healthy controls were included. The Hurst index was used to characterize the E/I balance, and mixed-effects model was constructed to assess the interactive effects of ECT on the Hurst index and functional connectivity (FC). Moreover, spatial correlation analyses were conducted by integrating cortical myelination pattern, glucose metabolism distribution, neurotransmitter density maps, and transcriptomic data to reveal the underlying molecular basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECT significantly reduces the Hurst index in the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and induces functional decoupling between the MCC and the posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, changes in the Hurst index were closely associated with cortical myelination, glucose metabolism, and the distribution maps of dopamine and histamine. Spatial transcriptomic association analysis revealed that genes regulating the effects of ECT on Hurst index or FC are specifically enriched in cell types such as excitatory neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and are primarily involved in biological processes including synaptic signal transduction, neuronal projection regulation, and glutamatergic synapses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that ECT may regulate the processes of myelin remodelling through neurons and glial cells by influencing the expression levels of relevant genes, thereby modulating the E/I balance and functional network activity in a synergistic manner to improve depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e320"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and risk of chronic sleep disturbances: A population-based cohort study from a Chinese national survey.","authors":"Hong Lu, Yi Wen, Hegao Yu, Chujun Wu, Dizhou Zhao","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have long-lasting effects in Chinese older adults. Using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, we examined ACEs' impact on chronic sleep disturbances combining poor sleep quality and abnormal duration in China's aging population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 20,450 CHARLS participants (2014 baseline). After excluding those with missing ACEs data (n = 11,006), incomplete sleep data, or aged <45 years and with psychiatric conditions, the final sample comprised 5,533 individuals. ACE exposure was categorized into: Class 1 (0 ACEs, n = 1,382), Class 2 (1 ACE, n = 1,769), Class 3 (2 ACEs, n = 1,264), and Class 4 (≥3 ACEs, n = 1,118). Composite sleep disturbances were defined by CES-D-10 self-reported sleep quality (4-point scale item ≥3) and abnormal duration (<6 or >9 hours). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, smoking, drinking, and chronic diseases, with trend tests modeling ACEs ordinally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A graded association emerged: adjusted ORs increased from 1.30 (95% CI: 1.05-1.59) for 1 ACE to 2.1 (1.69-2.62) for ≥3 ACEs (Ptrend < 0.001). Five ACE types showed significant associations: household mental illness showed the strongest association (OR = 1.77, 1.53-32.06, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations between ACE exposure (≥1) and increased risk of Chronic Sleep Disturbances across most population strata (OR range: 1.27-1.81, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Childhood adversity, particularly household mental illness, was significantly associated with sleep disturbances in older adults. The observed 2.1-fold prevalence difference suggests that older adults with high ACE exposure may benefit from targeted screening and early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant maintenance versus active monitoring after depression remission: a decision analysis and framework linking recurrence probability and patient preferences.","authors":"William U Meyerson, Tianxi Cai, Jordan W Smoller","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106321","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726106321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When deciding on antidepressant maintenance with clinicians, remitted patients must weigh the burdens of continued use against the benefit of less time depressed. This benefit is often inferred qualitatively from relapse-frequency data, even though expected time depressed also depends on episode duration, antidepressant re-initiation, and how evidence from highly recurrent populations applies to patients with fewer prior episodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a health-state transition model to combine evidence on recurrence, episode duration, re-initiation, and treatment effects into expected time depressed and time taking antidepressants under maintenance versus active monitoring. Adults in remission were simulated for 5 years across groups based on depression history. We summarized the trade-off as additional antidepressant use <i>required</i> to avert 1 month of depression. The decision framework links this estimate to patient preferences by comparing <i>required</i> with <i>acceptable</i> use, allowing patients who expect greater consequences of relapse or experience fewer treatment burdens to consider more antidepressant use acceptable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maintenance efficiency varied substantially with recurrence history. Each month of depression averted required 1.5 additional years of antidepressant use among patients with 4-5 prior episodes; 2.8 years with 2-3 prior episodes, 5.1 years after one moderate-to-severe episode, and 11.8 years after one mild episode. When these trade-offs are acceptable, patients are modeled to prefer maintenance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model expresses the maintenance trade-off as a ratio of benefits and burdens. Preferences and clinical judgment determine for whom the ratio is acceptable. Empirical work can determine whether this improves maintenance decisions in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e318"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocybin use, mental health treatment utilization, and unmet treatment need among US individuals with depression.","authors":"Avery Chan Eun, Kevin H Yang, Joseph J Palamar","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106163","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726106163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psilocybin use has increased in the US alongside promising therapeutic potential for depression, raising concerns that individuals may forgo conventional mental health treatment for unsupervised psilocybin use. However, no nationally representative studies have examined whether psilocybin use is associated with differential treatment utilization or perceived unmet need for mental health care among individuals with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 6,793 individuals aged ≥ 12 years with a past-year major depressive episode (MDE) from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. Sociodemographic and substance use characteristics were first compared by past-year psilocybin use. We then examined associations between past-year psilocybin use and eight past-year mental health treatment outcomes using Poisson regression, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, other past-year substance use, psychotherapeutic prescription misuse, and alcohol use disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals with past-year MDE, an estimated 7.3% (95% CI: 6.4-8.3) used psilocybin in the past year. In multivariable models, psilocybin use was not associated with any mental health treatment utilization, including outpatient, inpatient, or telehealth treatment; prescription medication use for mental health; seeing a doctor for depressive feelings; or prescription medication use for depressive feelings. However, psilocybin use was associated with greater perceived unmet treatment need (52.0% vs. 33.9%; aPR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.04-2.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that psilocybin use among individuals with depression co-occurs with perceived unmet need for conventional mental health care but is not associated with lower utilization of any conventional mental health treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociable EEG microstate signatures of cognitive and response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients.","authors":"Rongrong Zhu, Dongmei Wang, Qihui Guo, Jianliang Gao, Anzhen Wang, Hui Shi, Ruomei Fan, Yin Li, Xiangyang Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726104498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726104498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhibitory control deficits represent a core cognitive feature in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet their neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates offer a novel framework for investigating large-scale brain network dynamics in psychiatric disorders. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate EEG microstate dynamics in OCD patients and their relationships with cognitive and response inhibition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 91 OCD patients and 76 healthy controls were recruited. Participants completed an Emotional Stroop Task (EST) and a stop-signal task (SST). Resting-state EEG was recorded, and microstate parameters and transition probabilities were analyzed. Correlations between microstate parameters and inhibitory control performance were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCD patients exhibited significant deficits in both response inhibition and cognitive inhibition, with both types of deficits positively correlated with obsessive symptom severity. Microstate analysis revealed increased mean duration and time coverage of microstate A, but decreased mean duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate C in OCD patients. Additionally, transition probabilities from microstates B and D to C were significantly elevated. Notably, the mean duration of microstate C was positively correlated with stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), while the occurrence of microstates C and D and the time coverage of microstate D were negatively correlated with the Stroop effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal dissociable microstate mechanisms associated with distinct inhibitory dysfunction domains in OCD patients. Resting-state microstate dynamics may represent candidate neurobiological markers for cognitive subtype classification in OCD and may help inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The filter is not the finding: On ascertainment, falsifiability, and what a spectrum is.","authors":"Even Andre Lossius Okstad","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610628X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610628X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic capacity modifies the risk of depression and anxiety through metabolomic signature.","authors":"Shuaixing Song, Xiangying Suo, Jing Guo, Chunlei Li, Shuo Lu, Yongjian Zhu, Guangning Kou, Yacong Bo","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) developed an assessment for healthy aging termed intrinsic capacity (IC). However, the association between IC and depression/anxiety remains poorly understood, with limited understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study comprised 212,033 UK Biobank participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. We calculated a UK Biobank-adapted four-domain IC deficit score using seven functional status indicators across psychological, sensory, vitality, and locomotor domains. Elastic net regression was employed to derive a metabolic signature that represented IC status. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression and anxiety were computed from associated risk variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with a 0 IC deficit score, participants with a 4+ score had higher risk, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) of 3.96 (3.72-4.21) for depression and 3.03 (2.82-3.25) for anxiety. The metabolic signature of IC comprised 59 metabolites, with mediation effects of 1.007 (1.005, 1.008) for depression and 1.006 (1.004, 1.007) for anxiety. The highest hazards were observed in participants with high PRS and 4+ IC score; the HRs were 4.36 (3.70-5.13) for depression and 3.46 (2.87-4.17) for anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IC is associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety, possibly mediated by its metabolic signature, with enhanced effects in genetically susceptible individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional signatures associated with cortical similarity network changes in adolescents with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Baolin Wu, Xun Zhang, Qian Zhang, Dan Xiao, Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610590X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610590X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with cortical structural abnormalities. However, whether these structural changes correlate with gene expression profiles remains unclear. Here, we investigated the cortical similarity network alterations and the associated transcriptional patterns in adolescents with MDD using a novel Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) network model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using structural images from 174 adolescents with MDD and 82 healthy controls (HCs), we constructed individual MIND networks based on multiple morphological features. We compared regional MIND between groups and developed machine learning models to assess the potential of MIND for distinguishing patients from HCs. Spatial associations between MIND differences and gene expression profiles were assessed using partial least squares regression, followed by gene enrichment analyses to identify associated biological pathways, cell types, and developmental trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regional MIND abnormalities in adolescent MDD patients were primarily located in the orbitofrontal cortex, as well as in sensorimotor and visual network regions. Using MIND features, the optimal machine learning model achieved a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824 and generalized well to the external independent dataset (AUC = 0.724). MIND changes were associated with gene expression related to synaptic signaling, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and specific cell types. Developmental trajectory analysis suggested distinct, region-specific susceptibility windows for adolescent MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By linking MIND network alterations and transcriptional expression profiles, this study provides new insights into the neural basis and associated molecular mechanisms underlying adolescent MDD and underscores the diagnostic potential of MIND.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e314"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}