Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Dissociable EEG microstate signatures of cognitive and response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients.","authors":"Rongrong Zhu, Dongmei Wang, Qihui Guo, Jianliang Gao, Anzhen Wang, Hui Shi, Ruomei Fan, Yin Li, Xiangyang Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726104498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726104498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhibitory control deficits represent a core cognitive feature in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet their neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates offer a novel framework for investigating large-scale brain network dynamics in psychiatric disorders. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate EEG microstate dynamics in OCD patients and their relationships with cognitive and response inhibition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 91 OCD patients and 76 healthy controls were recruited. Participants completed an Emotional Stroop Task (EST) and a stop-signal task (SST). Resting-state EEG was recorded, and microstate parameters and transition probabilities were analyzed. Correlations between microstate parameters and inhibitory control performance were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCD patients exhibited significant deficits in both response inhibition and cognitive inhibition, with both types of deficits positively correlated with obsessive symptom severity. Microstate analysis revealed increased mean duration and time coverage of microstate A, but decreased mean duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate C in OCD patients. Additionally, transition probabilities from microstates B and D to C were significantly elevated. Notably, the mean duration of microstate C was positively correlated with stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), while the occurrence of microstates C and D and the time coverage of microstate D were negatively correlated with the Stroop effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reveal dissociable microstate mechanisms associated with distinct inhibitory dysfunction domains in OCD patients. Resting-state microstate dynamics may represent candidate neurobiological markers for cognitive subtype classification in OCD and may help inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The filter is not the finding: On ascertainment, falsifiability, and what a spectrum is.","authors":"Even Andre Lossius Okstad","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610628X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610628X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic capacity modifies the risk of depression and anxiety through metabolomic signature.","authors":"Shuaixing Song, Xiangying Suo, Jing Guo, Chunlei Li, Shuo Lu, Yongjian Zhu, Guangning Kou, Yacong Bo","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) developed an assessment for healthy aging termed intrinsic capacity (IC). However, the association between IC and depression/anxiety remains poorly understood, with limited understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study comprised 212,033 UK Biobank participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. We calculated a UK Biobank-adapted four-domain IC deficit score using seven functional status indicators across psychological, sensory, vitality, and locomotor domains. Elastic net regression was employed to derive a metabolic signature that represented IC status. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression and anxiety were computed from associated risk variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with a 0 IC deficit score, participants with a 4+ score had higher risk, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) of 3.96 (3.72-4.21) for depression and 3.03 (2.82-3.25) for anxiety. The metabolic signature of IC comprised 59 metabolites, with mediation effects of 1.007 (1.005, 1.008) for depression and 1.006 (1.004, 1.007) for anxiety. The highest hazards were observed in participants with high PRS and 4+ IC score; the HRs were 4.36 (3.70-5.13) for depression and 3.46 (2.87-4.17) for anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IC is associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety, possibly mediated by its metabolic signature, with enhanced effects in genetically susceptible individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional signatures associated with cortical similarity network changes in adolescents with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Baolin Wu, Xun Zhang, Qian Zhang, Dan Xiao, Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610590X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610590X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with cortical structural abnormalities. However, whether these structural changes correlate with gene expression profiles remains unclear. Here, we investigated the cortical similarity network alterations and the associated transcriptional patterns in adolescents with MDD using a novel Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) network model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using structural images from 174 adolescents with MDD and 82 healthy controls (HCs), we constructed individual MIND networks based on multiple morphological features. We compared regional MIND between groups and developed machine learning models to assess the potential of MIND for distinguishing patients from HCs. Spatial associations between MIND differences and gene expression profiles were assessed using partial least squares regression, followed by gene enrichment analyses to identify associated biological pathways, cell types, and developmental trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regional MIND abnormalities in adolescent MDD patients were primarily located in the orbitofrontal cortex, as well as in sensorimotor and visual network regions. Using MIND features, the optimal machine learning model achieved a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824 and generalized well to the external independent dataset (AUC = 0.724). MIND changes were associated with gene expression related to synaptic signaling, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and specific cell types. Developmental trajectory analysis suggested distinct, region-specific susceptibility windows for adolescent MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By linking MIND network alterations and transcriptional expression profiles, this study provides new insights into the neural basis and associated molecular mechanisms underlying adolescent MDD and underscores the diagnostic potential of MIND.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e314"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From lack of assertiveness to depression: A co-twin control study of hostility and social support across 23 years.","authors":"Sherard Guan Jie Tan, Nur Hani Zainal","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106230","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726106230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although lack of assertiveness (LOA) and hostility are established risk factors for depression, the mechanisms linking them to depression and their genetic or environmental contributions remain unclear. We used the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) to test whether social support (SS) deficits mediated these pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Community-dwelling twins (<i>N</i> = 2,034; 1,017 pairs) were followed for up to 23 years (1984-2007). We examined serial (LOA → hostility → SS → depression) and parallel (LOA + hostility → SS → depression) mediation models. Within-pair difference analyses in monozygotic (<i>n</i> = 317) and dizygotic (<i>n</i> = 645) pairs isolated non-shared environmental pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within monozygotic pairs, where genetic confounding is removed by design, LOA did not predict hostility. Hence, the serial indirect effect was not significant. The hostility → SS → depression indirect effect was significant in the serial model (<i>b</i> = 0.020, 95% CI [0.005, 0.038], <i>β</i> = 0.036); the parallel-model estimate was smaller and in the same direction. LOA and hostility directly predicted depression in both models (<i>β</i> = 0.100 to 0.227, <i>p</i> ≤ .039). Within dizygotic twins, where only 50% of additive genetic variance is removed on average, LOA predicted hostility (<i>β</i> = 0.089, <i>p</i> = .003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The null monozygotic association between LOA and hostility is consistent with genetic confounding, although limited power and measurement-error attenuation cannot be ruled out. However, the hostility → SS → depression pathway and these direct effects are consistent with environmentally mediated processes that may be actionable intervention targets beyond genetic susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating trends in serious psychological distress and depression among 18- to 64-year-olds in the United States from 2004 to 2019 using K6 and PHQ scales.","authors":"Christopher Ruhm","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Information from large national surveys is potentially useful for examining trends in mental health, but prior research has obtained inconsistent findings. This study attempts to determine whether Kessler 6 and Patient Health Questionnaire measures from different surveys consistently indicate trends in serious psychological distress or depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Annual rates of serious psychological distress or depression were computed for 18- to 64-year-olds from 2004 to 2019 or sub-periods from four major household surveys based on values of Kessler 6, Patient Health Questionnaire 2, and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 scales. The observed trends were then compared to those from four potential consequences of poor mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The potential consequences of poor mental health increased over time, as did serious psychological distress measured by the Kessler K6 in the <i>National Health Interview Survey</i> and <i>National Survey on Drug Use and Health</i>, and serious depression using Patient Health Questionnaire 2 and 9 data from the <i>National Health and Examination Survey.</i> Conversely, rates of serious psychological distress/depression, proxied by Kessler 6 and Patient Health Questionnaire 2 scores from the <i>Medical Expenditure Panel Survey</i> fell sharply after 2012.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mental health of prime-age US adults almost certainly deteriorated from 2004 to 2019 but, when based on Kessler 6 and Patient Health Questionnaire scales, the results from some high-quality national household surveys indicated the opposite trends, exhibited substantial year-to-year variation, or had large confidence intervals. This highlights the need for considerable care in estimating trends in serious psychological distress or depression, even when using high-quality surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Schöpfer et al. 'Neural systems underlying autobiographical memory dysregulations in depression: A neuroimaging meta-analysis'.","authors":"Cheuk Chi Charlotte Cheng, Mercy Chepngetich Bore, Benjamin Becker","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness as a risk factor for bipolar disorder and its related brain structure alterations.","authors":"Jianing Wang, Zhongpeng Dai","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness has been linked to increased risk of mood disorders, but its relationship with bipolar disorder (BD) and underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study utilized data from the UK Biobank, involving 491,472 individuals aged 38-73 years without prior BD diagnosis at baseline (2006-2010). Participants reported loneliness and provided data on demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle factors, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD. Follow-up extended until 2022, tracking incident BD cases. Neuroimaging analyses examined gray matter volume (GMV) associations with loneliness, considering genetic susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 16 years, 1,316 participants developed BD. Loneliness was associated with a more than threefold increased risk of BD (hazard ratio [HR], 3.31; 95% CI, 2.97-3.69), which remained significant after adjusting for covariates (HR, 2.83; 95% CI, 2.47-3.23). Neuroimaging revealed that loneliness correlated with widespread reductions in GMV, particularly in regions involved in emotion regulation and social cognition. These neurobiological effects were more pronounced in individuals with higher BD PRS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Loneliness is prospectively associated with a substantially increased hazard of BD and is linked to extensive brain structural changes, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. These findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness to potentially mitigate BD risk and its neurobiological impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e312"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive fusion-modulated structural covariance networks predict treatment response in drug-naive OCD: A multiscale neuroimaging-transcriptomic study.","authors":"Xingbo Suo, Yang Zhang, Xinming Li, Jiejun Liu, Zihe Xu, Luyao Zeng, Lijuan Lei, Menglin Zhang, Zhijun Luo, Yan Min, Xianjun Zeng, Maorong Hu","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive fusion (CF), a core maladaptive process in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), describes overidentification with intrusive thoughts. While implicated in symptom maintenance, its neuroanatomical basis and treatment prediction utility remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 80 first-episode, drug-naïve OCD patients and 70 matched healthy controls. All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessment. Patients received 8-week selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment with endpoint reevaluation. Using multimodal neuroimaging, we examined group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and structural covariance network (SCN), tested whether CF levels modulated connectivity, and evaluated baseline features for predicting treatment response. Transcriptomic analysis linked the findings to the Allen Human Brain Atlas data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCD patients showed GMV reductions in frontal-limbic regions and increases in parietal/inferior frontal areas. SCN analysis revealed enhanced structural covariance within fronto-parieto-cerebellar circuits. Higher CF scores were associated with stronger structural coupling between the left angular gyrus and the right middle temporal/medial superior frontal gyri. Baseline GMV in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdl) positively correlated with CF improvement, remaining significant after controlling for overall symptom reduction. Transcriptomic analysis indicated the left SFGdl GMV patterns spatially associated with glutamatergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CF in OCD links to altered structural integration between large-scale networks, with the left SFGdl emerging as a potential CF-specific treatment predictor. This multiscale study highlights combining neuroimaging with psychological constructs to understand treatment-relevant changes in OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e309"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective pubertal timing and antisocial behavior in girls: The importance of gene × environment interactions.","authors":"Alaina M Di Dio, D Angus Clark, S Alexandra Burt, Kristen M Culbert, Cheryl L Sisk, Kelly L Klump","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105893","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726105893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior work suggests girls with earlier subjective pubertal timing (i.e. girls who perceive themselves as maturing earlier than peers) engage in more antisocial behavior (ASB). Theories regarding mechanisms predominantly focus on social/environmental processes, but genetic influences may contribute, particularly given that ASB is heritable, and the stress associated with earlier subjective timing may activate or enhance these genetic vulnerabilities to increase risk. To date, no study has examined these gene × environment interactions (G×E) for ASB and subjective pubertal timing relative to peers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 995 female twins (ages 8-16 years) from the MSU Twin Registry. Mothers reported children's aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist. Subjective timing was assessed with a modified Pubertal Development Scale where twins reported their maturation on pubertal markers (e.g. breast development) as earlier, the same, or later compared to two reference groups: their co-twin and other girls their age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twin models revealed that genetic influences on aggression and rule breaking were stronger in earlier versus on-time and later-maturing girls. These effects were present when examining timing relative to co-twin and other girls, although effects were somewhat stronger for co-twin. Environmental influences on aggression and rule breaking were greater in later-maturing girls across both reference groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results significantly inform etiologic models by highlighting G×E for associations between subjective timing and ASB in girls. Findings underscore the importance of considering genetic influences and the need to further explore the specific genetic/environmental factors that shift across perceptions of pubertal timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}