Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the role of binge eating symptoms in the association between ADHD and BMI: a twin study.","authors":"Yuan You, Tom A McAdams, Olakunle Oginni, Chaoyu Liu, Moritz Herle, Helena M S Zavos","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105935","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726105935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD has been associated with BMI, across the lifespan. A possible mechanism linking ADHD and BMI is binge eating symptoms. Previous research has found associations between ADHD, binge eating symptoms, and BMI. However, the role of genetic and environmental influences on these associations remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We utilized data from the Twins Early Development Study, comprising 4,363 monozygotic and 8,575 dizygotic twin pairs. ADHD symptoms in childhood and adolescence were assessed using parent-reported questionnaires. Adult ADHD symptoms were measured using both self-report and parent-report questionnaires. Phenotypic mediation models examined whether binge eating symptoms mediated the association between ADHD and BMI, without controlling for genetic confounding. Subsequently, the etiological architecture underlying the associations among the three traits across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood were investigated by incorporating genetic and environmental influences into the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Binge eating symptoms significantly mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and BMI in both adolescence and adulthood. However, these mediation effects were no longer present once genetic and environmental influences were incorporated into the models. The best-fitting model in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood was Cholesky decomposition models, where covariance between traits was explained by shared etiology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This twin study reveals shared liability across ADHD, binge eating symptoms, and BMI. The mediating role of binge eating symptoms in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and BMI was largely confounded by shared genetic influences. Intervention strategies could focus more on common underlying behavioral and self-regulatory mechanisms across these traits, as well as placing more emphasis on symptom patterns within families.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recoverability, reliability, and generalizability of reward processing parameters and relation to mental health symptoms - ERRATUM.","authors":"Alexandra C Pike, Rowan Board, Eoin Travers, Megan Croal, Yeuk Ching Lam, Vincent Valton, Oliver J Robinson, Jonathan P Roiser","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e303"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted cortical hierarchy and delayed connectome-based propagation in the functional connectome of schizophrenia.","authors":"Sung Woo Joo, Jungsun Lee","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726106011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726106011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is associated with widespread abnormalities in large-scale brain organization; however, the mechanisms linking altered cortical hierarchy to disrupted neural communication and clinical symptoms remain unclear. By integrating functional connectivity gradient analysis and stepwise functional connectivity (SFC), we aimed to clarify how alterations in cortical hierarchy translate into disrupted connectome-based propagation in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional MRI data from 820 participants (310 healthy controls and 510 patients with schizophrenia) were analyzed across multiple cohorts. Cortical hierarchy was characterized using functional connectivity gradients, focusing on the principal unimodal-transmodal gradient (G1). Connectome-based propagation was examined using SFC, with step counts indexing propagation efficiency across predefined hierarchical levels. Associations with clinical symptoms were assessed, including mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Global cortical hierarchy was preserved in schizophrenia; however, selective alterations were evident. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly reduced G1 values in the dorsal attention network (DAN), with regional alterations primarily localized to dorsal attention and somatomotor regions. SFC analysis revealed delayed propagation toward higher-order association networks in schizophrenia, reflected by increased step counts to intermediate and transmodal hierarchical levels. Among patients with illness duration <5 years, delayed propagation to higher hierarchical levels was associated with greater positive and negative symptom severity. Mediation analyses demonstrated that delayed propagation significantly mediated the relationship between DAN hierarchical positioning and clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that schizophrenia is characterized by selective disruption of cortical hierarchy within attentional control systems, leading to impaired large-scale connectome-based propagation that links cortical organization to clinical symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical diagnostic failure, not conceptual collapse: A response to Frith.","authors":"Mary Doherty, James Henderson, Hannah Hill, Kai Rabenstein, Jason Lang, Bernadette Grosjean, Catherine Dakin, Sajini Wijetilleka, Sebastian C K Shaw","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited evidence for reduced learning rate adaptation in anxious-depression, before or after treatment.","authors":"Stephanie Suddell, Lili Zhang, Chi Tak Lee, Jennifer Senta, Veronica O'Keane, Tomas Ward, Klaas Stephan, Celine Fox, Anna Hanlon, Kevin Lynch, Siobhan Harty, Derek Richards, Claire M Gillan","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105698","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726105698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research shows that humans adjust their learning rate based on environmental volatility. This adaptation has been shown to be reduced in individuals with high levels of anxious-depression, but past studies have been cross-sectional, making it unclear whether this adaptation is trait-like or responsive to treatment. There are also questions about the basic replicability of this effect with recent studies failing to find robust associations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the Precision in Psychiatry study, we examined changes in learning rate adaptation in a points-loss task, following four weeks of treatment in two patient groups receiving either internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (<i>n</i> = 677) or antidepressants (<i>n</i> = 95), compared to a group of healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 95).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups showed increased learning rates in volatile environments at baseline, but against our prediction, learning rate adaptation was not cross-sectionally associated with individual differences in anxious-depression. There was also no evidence that learning rate adaptation changed post-treatment, despite symptom improvements. However, in the antidepressant group, symptom reductions correlated with learning rate adaptation. This finding should be interpreted cautiously as we found that the key outcome measure had poor test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our results suggest that associations between learning rate adaptation and anxious-depression, if present, are likely modest, depend on task characteristics, may not be present in treatment-seeking adults, and do not improve following treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between school achievement in upper secondary education and subsequent risk of mental disorders: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Christian Hakulinen, Mai Gutvilig, Ripsa Niemi, Jussi Alho, Kimmo Suokas, Petri Böckerman, Marko Elovainio, Kaisla Komulainen","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor school achievement in comprehensive education (~ age 15) has been associated with the later risk of mental disorders, but it remains unclear whether school achievement in upper secondary education (~ age 18) is also associated with this risk. We examined whether school achievement in upper secondary education is associated with the later risk of mental disorders and whether school achievement in comprehensive education modifies these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied all individuals born in Finland between 1980 and 2001 (<i>N</i> = 579 781). Individuals were followed from graduation from upper secondary education (ages 18-20) until first mental disorder diagnosis, emigration, death, or December 31, 2023. Matriculation examination grade point average (GPA) at the end of upper secondary education was the main exposure. Time to a mental disorder diagnosis was the outcome. Associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, including sibling-stratified analyses and stratification across comprehensive education GPA groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upper secondary GPA showed no consistent association with any mental disorder diagnosis as a broad category. Greater upper secondary GPA was generally associated with smaller risk of substance use disorders and greater risk of depression, anxiety, eating, and personality disorders. Reduction in GPA from comprehensive to upper secondary education was associated with greater risk of schizophrenia, and improvement with greater risk of bipolar disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between school achievement in upper secondary education and later mental disorders are disorder-specific, with higher school achievement associated with either an increased or decreased risk depending on the specific disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A kynurenine immune-metabolic subtype of depression defined by childhood maltreatment and IDO2: Evidence from multi-omics profiling.","authors":"Yaoyao Sun, Menghan Su, Zhewei Kang, Guorui Zhao, Xueying Bai, Jing Guo, Yueqi Wang, Zhe Lu, Yuyanan Zhang, Xiaoyang Feng, Junyuan Sun, Weihua Yue","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. Previous evidence implicates a potential depression subtype from interaction between childhood maltreatment (CM) and kynurenine pathway (KP) gene. Here, we investigated the top-down multi-omics KP alterations for this subtype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 142 patients with MDD receiving monotherapy were included. Individuals carrying <i>IDO2</i> rs2340953 TT genotype and reporting CM were classified as <i>IDO2-CM</i> group, whereas the remaining patients were categorized as <i>non-IDO2-CM</i> group. Plasma KP metabolites, DNA methylation, KP-related protein, and inflammatory protein were profiled. Group differences were examined using regression models adjusting for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients met criteria for the <i>IDO2-CM</i> group. Compared with <i>non-IDO2-CM</i>, <i>IDO2-CM</i> individuals exhibited significantly poorer response rate to antidepressant at weeks 4 and 8. Metabolite analyses revealed a significantly elevated quinolinic acid (QA)/kynurenine (KYN) ratio and QA/kynurenic acid (KYNA) ratio in <i>IDO2-CM</i> group (<i>β</i> = 0.086, <i>SE</i> = 0.042, <i>P</i> = 0.023; <i>β</i> = 0.164, <i>SE</i> = 0.045, <i>P</i> = 0.0006). Epigenetic analyses of KP genes demonstrated coordinated methylation shifts favoring QA production (hypomethylation of <i>KMO</i> and <i>AFMID</i>; hypermethylation of <i>ACMSD</i>) and suppression of KYNA related enzymes (hypermethylation of <i>CCBL1</i>, <i>CCBL2</i>, <i>AADAT</i>, and <i>GOT2</i>). Proteomic profiling identified reduced circulating levels of KYNU and VCAM1 in <i>IDO2-CM</i> group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CM interacting with <i>IDO2</i> genotype defines a biologically distinct MDD subtype characterized by poor antidepressant response and convergent multi-omics evidence of KP bias toward neurotoxic metabolism. These findings support a stratification strategy and highlight the KP as a potential target for precision treatment in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling sex differences in the genetic architecture of anxiety - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Jihua Hu, Michelle K Lupton, Enda M Byrne, Nicholas G Martin, David C Whiteman, Catherine M Olsen, Jodi T Thomas, Sarah E Medland, Katrina L Grasby, Brittany L Mitchell","doi":"10.1017/S003329172610600X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172610600X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e299"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Giulia Trotta, Victoria Rodriguez, Paolo Marino, Meklit Gurmesa, Edoardo Spinazzola, Zhikun Li, Luis Alameda, Marta Di Forti, Robin Murray, Evangelos Vassos","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105856","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033291726105856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis use is a known risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes, including psychosis, which is frequently associated with aggression. However, the specific impact of cannabis use on the risk of violence remains unclear. This meta-analysis, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, synthesized evidence from 63 peer-reviewed studies (N = 265,079) identified via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO searches up to November 2024 to clarify the link between cannabis use and violence, either as a perpetrator or as a victim. Random-effects models revealed that cannabis users are at a significantly higher risk of perpetrating violent acts. This association was observed in both psychiatric patients (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.72-3.61) and the general population (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.74-2.41), and remained significant across both longitudinal (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.28) and cross-sectional (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.66-3.40) study designs. There was an especially large effect for violence involving a criminal conviction in both general (OR 3.75, 95% CI 2.54-5.53) and psychiatric (OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.86-6.22) populations. Furthermore, cannabis use was significantly associated with an increased risk of becoming a victim of violence (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.38-1.60), a risk more pronounced in females and mixed-gender cohorts compared to males. This meta-analysis indicates an increased risk of violence, especially that resulting in a criminal conviction, among cannabis users. It also highlights the potential of cannabis use as a target for interventions to decrease violence, and underscores the need for routine assessment of cannabis use among psychiatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of trajectories of suicidal thoughts in Texas youth depression and suicide research network youth.","authors":"Abu Minhajuddin, Rachel A Walker, Manish Kumar Jha, Lynnel C Goodman, Betsy D Kennard, Joseph C Blader, Eric A Storch, Cesar A Soutullo, Jair C Soares, Sarah M Wakefield, Madhukar H Trivedi","doi":"10.1017/S0033291726105716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291726105716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal ideation among youth is a public health crisis, creating a need to identify features that can prognosticate suicide-related outcomes. This study characterized trajectories of suicidal thoughts in youth with depression/suicidality and evaluated features predicting trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network with self-reported suicidal ideation data available for baseline and ≥2 other time points were included (<i>n</i> = 1,449). Group mixture models were used to identify trajectories of suicidal thoughts at four follow-up assessments during the succeeding 6 months. Random Forest analyses evaluated baseline clinical and sociodemographic variables that predicted trajectory group membership after splitting into training (two-thirds) and validation (one-third) samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (standard deviation) age was 15.6 (2.7) years, and 72.8% were female. Three trajectories were identified: persistently no (43.3%), persistently low (44.2%), and persistently high (12.4%) suicidal thoughts. In Random Forest analyses, self-reported severity of suicide propensity (including pessimism, helplessness, perceived lack of social support, and despair) plus a clinical interview of suicidal ideation predicted these trajectories. The area under the curve in training and validation samples for predicting persistently no suicidal thoughts was 0.83 and 0.80, respectively, and for persistently high suicidal thoughts was 0.87 and 0.87, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three distinct trajectories of suicidal thoughts were identified. A combination of baseline self-reported measures of depression, pessimism, helplessness, perceived lack of social support, and despair, along with a clinical interview of suicidal ideation, predicted no or high suicidal thoughts over 6 months with high accuracy, providing a clinically useful predictive model of suicide risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":20891,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"e298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}