Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第6页

Reasoning about possibilities: Modal logics, possible worlds, and mental models. 可能性推理：模态逻辑、可能世界和心智模型。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02518-z

P N Johnson-Laird, Marco Ragni

{"title":"Reasoning about possibilities: Modal logics, possible worlds, and mental models.","authors":"P N Johnson-Laird, Marco Ragni","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02518-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02518-z","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone reasons about possibilities. This article explains how they could do so using mental models. The theory makes four major claims: 1. Correct inferences are necessary, referring only to facts or possibilities to which the premises refer and not ruling any of them out, for example: She left or hid; Therefore, it's possible that she left and possible that she hid. 2. A possibility such as that she hid, which is represented in an intuitive model, presupposes the possibility that it did not occur, she did not hide, which, if reasoners deliberate, is represented in the resulting model. 3. Reasoners condense consistent possibilities, such as the earlier pair, into one possibility: it is possible that she left and she hid. 4. Inconsistencies, such as she left or hid, and she neither left nor hid, refer to no possibilities whatsoever - they have an empty model - and so their only effects are local. Hence, any inference can be withdrawn with impunity if there is knowledge to the contrary. Experiments have corroborated each of these principles. They are incompatible with four essentials of standard modal logics, which concern deductions based on \"possible\" or \"necessary\". Their formal deductions correspond to valid inferences, which have no counterexamples in which the premises are true but the conclusion is false. And so the article examines the differences between the two approaches, and explores the adaptation of a modal logic to account for correct human reasoning. Its feasibility is an open question.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"52-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Setting the scene for boundary extension: Methods, findings, connections, and theories. 为边界扩展做好准备：方法、发现、联系和理论。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02545-w

Timothy L Hubbard

{"title":"Setting the scene for boundary extension: Methods, findings, connections, and theories.","authors":"Timothy L Hubbard","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02545-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02545-w","url":null,"abstract":"A previously viewed scene is often remembered as containing a larger extent of the background than was actually present, and information that was likely present just outside the boundaries of that view is often incorporated into the representation of that scene. This has been referred to as boundary extension. Methodologies used in studies on boundary extension (terminology, stimulus presentation, response measures) are described. Empirical findings regarding effects of characteristics of the stimulus (whether the stimulus depicts a scene, semantics of the scene, view angle, object size, object cropping, object orientation, object color, number of objects, depth of field, object distance, viewpoint production, scene orientation, motion, faces, emotions, modality, whether the scene is multimodal), characteristics of the display (aperture shape, aperture size, target duration, retention interval), and characteristics of the observer (allocation of attention, imagination, age, expectations and strategies, eye fixation, eye movements, monocular or binocular view, vantage point, confinement, prior exposure, expertise, arousal, pathology) on boundary extension are reviewed. Connections of boundary extension to other cognitive phenomena and processes (evolutionary adaptation, Gestalt principles, illusions, psychophysics, invariant physical principles, aesthetics, temporal boundary extension, normalization) are noted, and theories and theoretical considerations regarding boundary extension (multisource model, boundary transformation, mental imagery, 4E cognition, cognitive modularity, neurological mechanisms of scene representation) are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"97-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the effectiveness of reward-based learning strategies for second-language speech sounds. 探索第二语言语音奖励式学习策略的有效性。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02541-0

Craig A Thorburn, Ellen Lau, Naomi H Feldman

{"title":"Exploring the effectiveness of reward-based learning strategies for second-language speech sounds.","authors":"Craig A Thorburn, Ellen Lau, Naomi H Feldman","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02541-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02541-0","url":null,"abstract":"Adults struggle to learn non-native speech categories in many experimental settings (Goto, Neuropsychologia, 9(3), 317-323 1971), but learn efficiently in a video game paradigm where non-native speech sounds have functional significance (Lim & Holt, Cognitive Science, 35(7), 1390-1405 2011). Behavioral and neural evidence from this and other paradigms point toward the involvement of reinforcement learning mechanisms in speech category learning (Harmon, Idemaru, & Kapatsinski, Cognition, 189, 76-88 2019; Lim, Fiez, & Holt, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116, 201811992 2019). We formalize this hypothesis computationally and implement a deep reinforcement learning network to map between environmental input and actions. Comparing to a supervised model of learning, we show that the reinforcement network closely matches aspects of human behavior in two experiments - learning of synthesized auditory noise tokens and improvement in speech sound discrimination. Both models perform comparably and the similarity in the output of each model leads us to believe that there is little inherent computational benefit to a reward-based learning mechanism. We suggest that the specific neural circuitry engaged by the paradigm and links between striatum and superior temporal areas play a critical role in effective learning.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"139-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

False memories in bilinguals: Integration of information across languages and limits on proficiency effects. 双语者的错误记忆：跨语言的信息整合与能力效应的限制。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02544-x

Bianca V Gurrola, Wendy S Francis

引用次数: 0

Group efficiency based on the termination rule in the multiple-targets visual search task. 多目标视觉搜索任务中基于终止规则的分组效率

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02558-5

Hanshu Zhang, Peng-Fei Zhu, Cheng-Ta Yang

引用次数: 0

Generalisation to novel exemplars of learned shape categories based on visual and auditory spatial cues does not benefit from multisensory information. 对基于视觉和听觉空间线索学习到的形状类别的新范例进行泛化，并不能从多感官信息中获益。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02548-7

A O'Dowd, R J Hirst, M A Seveso, E M McKenna, F N Newell

{"title":"Generalisation to novel exemplars of learned shape categories based on visual and auditory spatial cues does not benefit from multisensory information.","authors":"A O'Dowd, R J Hirst, M A Seveso, E M McKenna, F N Newell","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02548-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02548-7","url":null,"abstract":"Although the integration of information across multiple senses can enhance object representations in memory, how multisensory information affects the formation of categories is uncertain. In particular, it is unclear to what extent categories formed from multisensory information benefit object recognition over unisensory inputs. Two experiments investigated the categorisation of novel auditory and visual objects, with categories defined by spatial similarity, and tested generalisation to novel exemplars. Participants learned to categorise exemplars based on visual-only (geometric shape), auditory-only (spatially defined soundscape) or audio-visual spatial cues. Categorisation to learned as well as novel exemplars was then tested under the same sensory learning conditions. For all learning modalities, categorisation generalised to novel exemplars. However, there was no evidence of enhanced categorisation performance for learned multisensory exemplars. At best, bimodal performance approximated that of the most accurate unimodal condition, although this was observed only for a subset of exemplars within a category. These findings provide insight into the perceptual processes involved in the formation of categories and have relevance for understanding the sensory nature of object representations underpinning these categories.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"417-429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human retrograde amnesia and memory consolidation. 人类逆行性遗忘症与记忆巩固。

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02567-4

Panayiotis P Ketonis, Thomas Q McClelland, Dani Parra, Gabriel A Radvansky

{"title":"Human retrograde amnesia and memory consolidation.","authors":"Panayiotis P Ketonis, Thomas Q McClelland, Dani Parra, Gabriel A Radvansky","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02567-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02567-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a reassessment of published literature on the question of whether retrograde amnesia data from patients with severe trauma supports the idea that there is ongoing consolidation of long-lasting memories. That is, memory consolidation continues for decades with older memories being increasingly consolidated, and, thus, more protected from forgetting. Our analysis was limited to patients with specific traumas rather than neurodegenerative conditions that can be complicated by the additional presence of significant anterograde amnesia. These constraints were used because trauma patients have a definitive start to their amnesia allowing comparison of their memories before this event, unlike when there is an undefined amnesia onset. Our results revealed that the standard account of retrograde amnesia only fits part of the data, with more than half not conforming to this account. Specifically, damage to different brain areas was associated with different patterns of retrograde amnesia. Those cases where the standard retrograde amnesia account was held tended to involve damage to the hippocampus and temporal lobes, as expected. Future directions to better understand the influence of retrograde amnesia and memory consolidation are suggested.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"281-293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the mechanism of semantic object-based attention: The role of top-down search strategies. 揭示基于语义对象的注意机制：自上而下搜索策略的作用

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02542-z

Zhuyang Li, Jie Chen, Qiaoming Zhang, Lu Liu

{"title":"Unraveling the mechanism of semantic object-based attention: The role of top-down search strategies.","authors":"Zhuyang Li, Jie Chen, Qiaoming Zhang, Lu Liu","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02542-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02542-z","url":null,"abstract":"There is an ongoing debate between the sensory enhancement account and the attentional prioritization account concerning the mechanism underlying object-based attention. This debate remains unresolved because of the predominant use of geometric objects in previous studies, which made it difficult to experimentally dissociate the two accounts due to the prominent boundaries of these objects. The current study investigated the mechanism underlying semantic object-based attention by utilizing Chinese two-character words with different word frequencies and the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to elucidate the ongoing debate. The behavioral results showed that the semantic object effect was observed only in the high-frequency condition. The ERP results revealed the following: (1) the N1 component was larger for the high-frequency condition compared with the low-frequency condition. However, there was no significant difference in amplitude between the N1 component elicited by invalid same object locations and invalid different object locations, irrespective of whether it occurred in high- or low-frequency conditions. (2) The P3 component elicited by invalid same object locations was larger than that elicited by invalid different object locations only in the high-frequency condition. (3) The N400 amplitude elicited by invalid same object locations was smaller than that elicited by invalid different object locations only in the high-frequency condition. These results suggest that in the absence of obvious object boundaries, the production of object-based attention is primarily driven by search strategies. Attentional prioritization, rather than sensory enhancement, is the dominant mechanism underlying object-based attention.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship of speech perception and speech production: It's complicated. 语音感知与语音生成之间的关系：这很复杂

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02561-w

Melissa M Baese-Berk, Efthymia C Kapnoula, Arthur G Samuel

{"title":"The relationship of speech perception and speech production: It's complicated.","authors":"Melissa M Baese-Berk, Efthymia C Kapnoula, Arthur G Samuel","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02561-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02561-w","url":null,"abstract":"A widely held belief is that speech perception and speech production are tightly linked, with each modality available to help with learning in the other modality. This positive relationship is often summarized as perception and production being \"two sides of the same coin.\" There are, indeed, many situations that have shown this mutually supportive relationship. However, there is a growing body of research showing very different results, with the modalities operating independently, or even in opposition to each other. We review the now-sizeable literature demonstrating the negative effect that speech production can have on perceptual learning of speech, at multiple levels (particularly at the lexical and sublexical levels). By comparing the situations that show this pattern with ones in which more positive interactions occur, we provide an initial account of why the different outcomes are found, identifying factors that lead to either positive or negative effects of production on perception. The review clarifies the complex relationship that exists between the two modalities: They are indeed linked, but their relationship is more complicated than is suggested by the notion that they are two sides of the same coin.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"226-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Untangling the threads of motivated memory: Independent influences of reward and emotion. 解开动机记忆的线索：奖赏和情感的独立影响

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02546-9

Holly J Bowen, Christopher R Madan

{"title":"Untangling the threads of motivated memory: Independent influences of reward and emotion.","authors":"Holly J Bowen, Christopher R Madan","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02546-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13423-024-02546-9","url":null,"abstract":"Motivational and emotional influences on memory have been studied extensively; however, despite the link between these constructs, they have been studied in separate lines of research, with very little work examining their effects concurrently. The current study takes a novel approach to manipulate motivational and emotional influences orthogonally, and within the same task, to test their interplay on intentional memory formation. If emotion and reward motivation are tightly linked, they may rely on overlapping cognitive mechanisms, thus we would not expect emotion and reward to interact in memory. Alternatively, they could be distinct constructs and therefore would boost memory when both are included in the same experimental trial, above and beyond additive effects. To test these competing predictions, in Experiment 1, participants (n = 180) completed an old/new recognition memory task with emotional (negative, positive) and neutral words intentionally encoded with high or low reward anticipation cues. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 159) encoded emotional and neutral words with a high or low reward cue, but memory was tested with free recall using study-test blocks. The findings from both experiments converged. There were main effects of emotion and reward in generally hypothesized directions, but no evidence of an interaction between these factors. This is in line with the prediction that emotion and reward motivation are similar constructs. Their combination within a trial does not boost memory above and beyond either of these factors alone perhaps indicating these constructs have similar cognitive mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":"396-406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0