Psychonomic Bulletin & Review最新文献_第4页

Changing the speed and order of attentional selection in visual search.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02632-y

Gregory J Christie, Daniel Tay, John J McDonald

{"title":"Changing the speed and order of attentional selection in visual search.","authors":"Gregory J Christie, Daniel Tay, John J McDonald","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02632-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02632-y","url":null,"abstract":"Seminal event-related potential (ERP) studies of visual search reported that young adults serially inspect two singletons when searching for a target (serial search), but later results showed that the second singleton can be selected while the first singleton is still attended (partially parallel search). These contrasting results indicate that some yet-to-be identified factor can affect the speed of search. We hypothesized that single-target detection tasks promote serial inspection while dual-target comparison tasks promote parallel inspection. We recorded ERP activities associated with attentional selection (N2pc) and subsequent identification (SPCN) to track attentional processing of two singletons while healthy young adults participated in one of two detection tasks or a comparison task. One singleton was made to be more salient than the other to give it a \"natural\" selection advantage and thus promote some serial processing even in the comparison task. The timing of N2pc activities indicated that attention was deployed to the second singleton more quickly when participants compared the orientations of lines inside the two singletons than when they searched for one specific line that was more likely to be positioned inside one singleton or the other. Surprisingly, however, search was never fully serial, even in detection tasks that encouraged close inspection of individual items. Rather, in such detection tasks, items were selected serially but were processed for identification concurrently (as indexed by the SPCN). These findings are consistent with serial-parallel hybrid models of visual search.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time from structure: Children infer the temporal order of past events from visual arrays.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02659-9

Brandon W Goulding, Emily Elizabeth Stonehouse, Ori Friedman

引用次数: 0

Gaze cues facilitate incidental learning in children aged 7-10 years, but arrow cues do not.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02657-x

Mitsuhiko Ishikawa, Ayumi Yoshioka

{"title":"Gaze cues facilitate incidental learning in children aged 7-10 years, but arrow cues do not.","authors":"Mitsuhiko Ishikawa, Ayumi Yoshioka","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02657-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02657-x","url":null,"abstract":"From infancy, humans use gaze cues from others to learn about their surrounding environment. It is known that gaze cues facilitate the cognitive processing of targets in both infants and adults, but what developmental changes occur during childhood? This study investigated the impact of gaze cueing on incidental learning in children aged 7-10 years (n = 80). Participants completed a cueing task where they were presented with gaze or arrow cues (valid or invalid) followed by a target stimulus. Then, participants conducted an incidental memory test including the target stimuli presented in the cueing task and novel stimuli. Results revealed that valid gaze cues significantly enhanced memory performance compared to arrow cues, while gaze cues and arrow cues had similar effects on attention orienting. This effect was consistent across age groups, suggesting that gaze cueing facilitates memory regardless of developmental stage. The findings support the socio-communicative aspect of gaze cues, which may influence cognitive facilitation in joint attentional situations in childhood. Joint attentional situations may be rewarding, influencing the motivation for implicit cognitive processing of objects that are the focus of attention. This study contributes to our understanding of spontaneous social cognition in children and underscores the importance of gaze cues in facilitating memory and learning in social contexts.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the watercolor illusion and contrast on figure-ground reversibility.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02658-w

Ralph G Hale, Benjamin A McDunn, Tanner L Lumpkin, Hannah H Hyman, Patsy E Folds, Courtney G Nutt

{"title":"Impact of the watercolor illusion and contrast on figure-ground reversibility.","authors":"Ralph G Hale, Benjamin A McDunn, Tanner L Lumpkin, Hannah H Hyman, Patsy E Folds, Courtney G Nutt","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02658-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02658-w","url":null,"abstract":"The watercolor illusion (WCI), a color-spreading illusion induced by contrasting outer and inner borders, results in a perception of a pale illusory diffusion of a hue similar to the lighter border. This illusion is a strong figural cue similar to, and often stronger than, other Gestalt cues for figure-ground organization. In our present study, we examined the effect of the WCI on figure-ground assignment for regions with matched and non-matched luminance contrast. The goal was to examine the ability of the WCI to bias figure-ground assignment when luminance varies between regions of an image. Images consisted of a square divided into two parts by a vertical wavy contour. Each of these images had no WCI, WCI left, and WCI right conditions. Participants reported whether a probed region (either left or right) appeared to be the figure. Results showed a strong effect of the WCI when luminance was matched as white (Experiment 1) or gray (Experiment 3), demonstrating the WCI acts as a strong figural cue and is able to bias reversible stimuli. However, the WCI failed to bias figure-ground with contrasting luminance regions (Experiment 2). This study is the first to demonstrate how the WCI interacts with contrasting luminance regions in reversible figure-ground stimuli. These results enhance our understanding of color-spreading mechanisms and how they interact with luminance, contrast, and perceptual organization.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Objective markers of sustained attention fluctuate independently of mind-wandering reports.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02640-6

Matthieu Chidharom, Anne Bonnefond, Edward K Vogel, Monica D Rosenberg

{"title":"Objective markers of sustained attention fluctuate independently of mind-wandering reports.","authors":"Matthieu Chidharom, Anne Bonnefond, Edward K Vogel, Monica D Rosenberg","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02640-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02640-6","url":null,"abstract":"Sustained attention fluctuates between periods of good and poor attentional performance. Two major methodologies exist to study these fluctuations: an objective approach that identifies \"in-the-zone\" states of consistent response times (RTs) and \"out-of-the-zone\" states of erratic RTs and a subjective approach that asks participants whether they are on-task or mind wandering. Although both approaches effectively predict attentional lapses, it remains unclear whether they capture the same or distinct attentional fluctuations. We combined both approaches within a single sustained attention task requiring frequent responses and response inhibition to rare targets to explore their consistency (N = 40). Behaviorally, both objective out-of-the-zone and subjective mind-wandering states were associated with more attentional lapses. However, the percentage of time spent out-of-the-zone did not differ between on-task and mind-wandering periods and both objective and subjective states independently predicted error-proneness, suggesting that the two methods do not capture the same type of attention fluctuations. Whereas attentional preparation before correct inhibitions was greater during out-of-the-zone compared with in-the-zone periods, preparation did not differ by subjective state. In contrast, posterror slowing differed by both objective and subjective states, but in opposite directions: slowing was observed when participants were objectively out-of-the-zone or subjectively on-task. Overall, our results provide evidence that objective and subjective approaches capture distinct attention fluctuations during sustained attention tasks. Integrating both objective and subjective measures is crucial for fully understanding the mechanisms underlying our ability to remain focused.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global precedence effects account for individual differences in taxonomic and thematic relations recognition performance.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02655-z

Kai Shi, Jiansheng Li

{"title":"Global precedence effects account for individual differences in taxonomic and thematic relations recognition performance.","authors":"Kai Shi, Jiansheng Li","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02655-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02655-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether individuals with higher levels of global precedence recognized thematic relations faster and exhibited a stronger preference for them. In Study 1, the Global-Local Precedence Index was calculated based on results from the Navon task to reflect the degree of individual global precedence. Preferences for thematic or taxonomic relations and recognition speed were measured using the forced-choice triad task and the similarity-matching task, respectively. The results showed that participants with a higher Global-Local Precedence Index had a higher proportion of thematic choices in the forced-choice triad task and identified thematically similar options faster in the similarity-matching task. In Study 2, we replaced the stimulus set of the forced-choice triad task with a larger and more diverse set of stimuli and replaced the similarity-matching task (a word-based task) with a semantic priming task (a picture-based task). The results still showed that participants with a higher Global-Local Precedence Index chose thematic options more frequently in the forced-choice triad task and responded faster to correctly judge whether the orientation of Gabor patches was the same or different after thematic priming. The findings indicate that individuals with higher global precedence recognize thematic relations faster and show a stronger preference for them.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning fast and accurate absolute pitch judgment in adulthood.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02620-2

Yetta Kwailing Wong, Leo Y T Cheung, Vince S H Ngan, Alan C-N Wong

{"title":"Learning fast and accurate absolute pitch judgment in adulthood.","authors":"Yetta Kwailing Wong, Leo Y T Cheung, Vince S H Ngan, Alan C-N Wong","doi":"10.3758/s13423-024-02620-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02620-2","url":null,"abstract":"Absolute pitch (AP) refers to the ability to identify the pitch of a tone without external references. It is commonly believed that only individuals with special genetic makeup and early musical training within the critical period can develop AP. Recent studies have begun to challenge the critical period notion by showing the possibility of AP acquisition in adults. However, the learning effects could be attributed to learning of pitch height instead of chroma, extended working memory, relative pitch strategies, chance under repeated attempts, pre-existing AP abilities and/or specific cognitive profiles. An 8-week online computerized training program was designed to address these concerns and clarify learnability of AP in adulthood. Twelve musicians on average spent 21.4 h completing 15,327 training trials. By the end of the training, they learned to name an average of 7.08 pitches (ranging from 3 to 12) at an accuracy of 90% or above and within a response-time (RT) window of 1,305-2,028 ms. After training, pitch-naming accuracy was significantly improved by 128.1% (from .139 to .317) and size of error reduced by 42.7% (from 2.62 to 1.50 semitones) for the trained timbre, which generalized partially to an untrained timbre. Overall, results provide more convincing evidence for the learnability of AP judgment in adulthood beyond the critical period, similar to most perceptual and cognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: On Bayes factors for hypothesis tests.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02645-1

Karl Christoph Klauer, Constantin G Meyer-Grant, David Kellen

引用次数: 0

The sound of accurate recognition memory decisions.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02648-y

Justin Kantner, Gizem Filiz, Ian G Dobbins

{"title":"The sound of accurate recognition memory decisions.","authors":"Justin Kantner, Gizem Filiz, Ian G Dobbins","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02648-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02648-y","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognitive confidence in memory judgments is typically assessed with a numeric self-report rating scale, a measurement approach that reliably predicts judgment accuracy but may also capture individual differences unrelated to memory per se. Recent research in perceptual discrimination suggests that the acoustical features of verbally rendered cognitive judgments (i.e., prosody) may provide relatively automatic and direct cues to the accuracy of those judgments. The current study tested whether prosody would predict the accuracy of spoken long-term episodic memory judgments. Subjects studied and were tested on memory for faces in a forced-choice recognition procedure. Test responses were given by saying \"Number One/Two/Three/Four\" to indicate the selected face. The pitch, loudness, speech rate, and onset time of these responses were extracted and used as predictors of accuracy. Despite a retention interval in the tens of minutes and the brief, generic nature of the verbal utterance, all four speech signals discriminated accurate and inaccurate responses: Correct recognition judgments were higher pitched, louder, faster, and initiated earlier than incorrect judgments. The same pattern of results was observed comparing judgments on more difficult (4AFC) versus less difficult (2AFC) trials. Modeling analyses demonstrated that pitch and loudness provide redundant predictive information with speech rate and onset time, and that speech rate and onset time predict accuracy above and beyond explicit confidence ratings. Prosodic features thus appear to carry information about the accuracy of memory reports, and may indeed help humans make metamnemonic inferences of others.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting relative intelligibility from inter-talker distances in a perceptual similarity space for speech.

IF 3.2 3区心理学

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-025-02652-2

Seung-Eun Kim, Bronya R Chernyak, Joseph Keshet, Matthew Goldrick, Ann R Bradlow

{"title":"Predicting relative intelligibility from inter-talker distances in a perceptual similarity space for speech.","authors":"Seung-Eun Kim, Bronya R Chernyak, Joseph Keshet, Matthew Goldrick, Ann R Bradlow","doi":"10.3758/s13423-025-02652-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02652-2","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have generally assumed that listeners perceive speech compositionally, based on the combined processing of local acoustic-phonetic cues associated with individual linguistic units. Yet, these cue-based approaches have failed to fully account for variation in listeners' identification of the words produced by a talker (i.e., variation in talker intelligibility). The current study adopts an alternative approach, estimating the perceptual representations used to process speech (the perceptual similarity space) using the machine learning technique of self-supervised learning. We assessed intelligibility of 114 second-language (L2) English talkers and 25 L1 American English talkers through a speech-in-noise experiment (collecting data from ten L1 English listeners per talker, each transcribing 120 sentences). For each sample in a speech recording, we obtained a representation from a self-supervised learning model; the sequence of these representations forms a trajectory in the perceptual similarity space. The holistic distance between trajectories (two speakers' productions of the same sentence) was analyzed. We found that for L2 talkers, the average distance between the trajectories of an L2 talker and the L1 American English talker group predicts relative intelligibility of a given L2 talker. Crucially, the distance measure predicted relative intelligibility among L2 talkers over and above a set of traditional acoustic-phonetic cues. Additionally, we found that the distance measure accounts for some of the relative intelligibility among L1 talkers. These results provide evidence that relative talker intelligibility is better captured with the perceptual similarity space approach, suggesting it is an appropriate tool to study variability in human speech production and perception.","PeriodicalId":20763,"journal":{"name":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0