Progress in lipid research最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale lipid membrane dynamics as revealed by neutron spectroscopy","authors":"V.K. Sharma ,&nbsp;E. Mamontov","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The plasma membrane is one of the principal structural components of the cell and, therefore, one of the key components of the cellular life. Because the membrane's dynamics links the membrane's structure and function, the complexity and the broad range of the membrane's motions are essential for the enormously diverse functionality of the cell membrane. Even for the main membrane component, the </span>lipid<span><span><span> bilayer, considered alone, the range and complexity of the lipid motions are remarkable. Spanning the time scale from sub-picosecond to minutes and hours, the lipid motion in a bilayer is challenging to study even when a broad array of dynamic measurement techniques is employed. </span>Neutron scattering plays a special role among such dynamic measurement techniques, particularly, because it involves the energy transfers commensurate with the typical intra- and inter- molecular dynamics and the momentum transfers commensurate with intra- and inter-molecular distances. Thus, using neutron scattering-based techniques, the spatial and temporal information on the lipid motion can be obtained and analysed simultaneously. Protium vs. deuterium sensitivity and non-destructive character of the neutron probe add to the remarkable prowess of neutron scattering for elucidating the lipid dynamics. Herein we present an overview of the neutron scattering-based studies of lipid dynamics in </span>model membranes<span>, with a discussion of the direct relevance and implications to the real-life cell membranes. The latter are much more complex systems than simple model membranes, consisting of heterogeneous non-stationary domains composed of lipids, proteins, and other small molecules<span>, such as carbohydrates. Yet many fundamental aspects of the membrane behavior and membrane interactions with other molecules can be understood from neutron scattering measurements of the model membranes. For example, such studies can provide a great deal of information on the interactions of antimicrobial compounds with the lipid matrix of a pathogen membrane, or the interactions of drug molecules with the plasma membrane. Finally, we briefly discuss the recently emerging field of neutron scattering membrane studies with a reach far beyond the model membrane systems.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101179"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Very long chain fatty acids","authors":"Lucie Kyselová ,&nbsp;Milada Vítová ,&nbsp;Tomáš Řezanka","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Very long chain fatty acids<span> (VLCFAs) are important components of various lipid classes in most organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and mammals, including humans. VLCFAs, or very long chain </span></span>polyunsaturated fatty acids<span> (VLCPUFAs), can be defined as fatty acids with 23 or more carbon atoms in the molecule. The main emphasis in this review is on the analysis of these acids, including obtaining standards from natural sources or their synthesis. Furthermore, the occurrence and analysis of these compounds in both lower (bacteria, invertebrates) and higher organisms (flowering plants or mammals) are discussed in detail. Attention is paid to their biosynthesis, especially the elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL4). This review deals with papers describing these very interesting compounds, whose chemical, biochemical and biological properties have not been fully explored.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40589805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman studies of the adipose tissue: Current state-of-art and future perspectives in diagnostics","authors":"Krzysztof Czamara ,&nbsp;Zuzanna Majka ,&nbsp;Ewa Stanek ,&nbsp;Natalia Hachlica ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Kaczor","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The last decades revealed that the adipose tissue shows an unexplored therapeutic potential. In particular, targeting the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), that surrounds blood vessels, can prevent cardiovascular pathologies and browning of the adipose tissue can become an effective strategy against obesity. Therefore, new analytical tools are necessary to analyze this tissue. This review reports on the recent developments of various Raman-based techniques for the identification and quantification of the adipose tissue compared to conventional analytical methods. In particular, the emphasis is on analysis of PVAT, investigation of pathological changes of the adipose tissue in model systems and possibilities for its characterization in the clinical context. Overall, the review critically discusses the potential and limitations of Raman techniques in adipose tissue-targeted diagnostics and possible future anti-obesity therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101183"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782722000388/pdfft?md5=8a4d331ee72b2c7258043fa28ff7f756&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782722000388-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and n-3 LC-PUFA availability","authors":"Karsoon Tan ,&nbsp;Hongkuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaiping Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are </span>essential fatty acids<span> for the growth, development and survival of virtually all organisms. There is increasing evidence that anthropogenic climate change has a direct and indirect impact on the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. However, this information is fragmented and not well organized. Therefore, this article reviewed published data from laboratory experiments, field experiments and model simulations to reveal the impact of climate change on the global supply of natural n-3 LC-PUFA and how this will limit the availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in the future food web. In general, climate change can significantly reduce the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA in grazing food webs in the following ways: 1) decrease the total biomass of phytoplankton and shift the plankton community structure to a smaller size, which also reduce the biomass of animals in higher trophics; 2) reduce the n-3 LC-PUFA content and/or quality (n-3: n-6 ratio) of all marine organisms; 3) reduce the transfer efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA in grazing food web. In addition, as an anthropogenic climate adaptation measure, this review also proposed some alternative sources of n-3 LC-PUFA and determined the direction of future research. The information in this article is very useful for providing a critical analysis of the impact of climate change on the supply of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. Such information will aid to establish climate adaptation or management measures, and determine the direction of future research.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101161"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48544773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation and intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans: A systematic review and a gene network analysis","authors":"Fatma B.A. Mokhtar,&nbsp;Jogchum Plat,&nbsp;Ronald P. Mensink","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestinal cholesterol absorption varies widely between individuals, which may translate into differences in responsiveness to cholesterol-lowering drugs or diets. Therefore, understanding the importance of genetic variation on cholesterol absorption rates and the complex intestinal cholesterol network is important. Based on a systematic review, genetic variants in seven genes (<em>ABCG5, ABCG8</em>, <em>ABO, APOE</em>, <em>MTTP, NPC1L1,</em> and <em>LDLR</em>) were identified that were associated with intestinal cholesterol absorption. No clear associations were found for variants in <em>APOA4</em>, <em>APOB</em>, <em>CETP, CYP7A1</em>, <em>HMGCR</em>, <em>SCARB1</em>, <em>SLCO1B1</em>, and <em>SREBF1.</em> The seven genes were used to construct an intestinal cholesterol absorption network. Finally, a network with fifteen additional genes (<em>APOA1</em>, <em>APOA4</em>, <em>APOB</em>, <em>APOC2</em>, <em>APOC3</em>, <em>CETP</em>, <em>HSPG2</em>, <em>LCAT, LDLRAP1</em>, <em>LIPC</em>, <em>LRP1</em>, <em>OLR1</em>, <em>P4HB</em>, <em>SAR1B</em>, and <em>SDC1</em>) was generated<em>.</em> The constructed network shows that cholesterol absorption is complex. Further studies are needed to validate and improve this network, which may ultimately lead to a better understanding of the wide inter-individual variability in intestinal cholesterol absorption and the development of personalized interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101164"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782722000194/pdfft?md5=025a27d782d87c568ac5ce3927af8253&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782722000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44197040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of inter-organelle communication and lipid fluxes by OSBP-related proteins","authors":"Amita Arora,&nbsp;Juuso H. Taskinen,&nbsp;Vesa M. Olkkonen","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) constitute one of the largest families of lipid-binding/transfer proteins (LTPs) in eukaryotes. The current view is that many of them mediate inter-organelle lipid<span><span> transfer over membrane contact sites (MCS). The transfer occurs in several cases in a ‘counter-current’ fashion: A lipid such as cholesterol or phosphatidylserine (PS) is transferred against its concentration gradient driven by transport of a </span>phosphoinositide in the opposite direction. In this way </span></span>ORPs<span> are envisioned to maintain the distinct organelle lipid compositions<span>, with impacts on multiple organelle functions. However, the functions of ORPs extend beyond lipid homeostasis to regulation of processes such as cell survival, proliferation and migration. Important expanding areas of mammalian ORP research include their roles in viral and bacterial infections, cancers, and neuronal function.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The yeast OSBP homologue (Osh) proteins execute multifaceted functions in sterol and glycerophospholipid homeostasis, post-Golgi </span>vesicle transport<span>, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, sphingolipid and target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling, and </span></span>cell cycle control. These observations identify ORPs as lipid transporters and coordinators of signals with an unforeseen variety of cellular processes. Understanding their activities not only enlightens the biology of the living cell but also allows their employment as targets of new therapeutic approaches for disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39885858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functions of phospholipases and their hydrolysis products in plant growth, development and stress responses","authors":"Usman Ali ,&nbsp;Shaoping Lu ,&nbsp;Tarig Fadlalla ,&nbsp;Sidra Iqbal ,&nbsp;Hong Yue ,&nbsp;Bao Yang ,&nbsp;Yueyun Hong ,&nbsp;Xuemin Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cell membranes are the initial site of stimulus perception from environment and phospholipids are the basic and important components of cell membranes. </span>Phospholipases<span><span><span> hydrolyze </span>membrane lipids<span> to generate various cellular mediators. These phospholipase-derived products, such as diacylglycerol, </span></span>phosphatidic acid<span><span>, inositol phosphates, lysophopsholipids, and </span>free fatty acids, act as second messengers, playing vital roles in </span></span></span>signal transduction<span> during plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review focuses on the structure, substrate specificities, reaction requirements, and acting mechanism of several phospholipase families. It will discuss their functional significance in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In addition, it will highlight some critical knowledge gaps in the action mechanism, metabolic and signaling roles of these phospholipases and their products in the context of plant growth, development and stress responses.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101158"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions","authors":"Simon C. Dyall ,&nbsp;Laurence Balas ,&nbsp;Nicolas G. Bazan ,&nbsp;J. Thomas Brenna ,&nbsp;Nan Chiang ,&nbsp;Felipe da Costa Souza ,&nbsp;Jesmond Dalli ,&nbsp;Thierry Durand ,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Galano ,&nbsp;Pamela J. Lein ,&nbsp;Charles N. Serhan ,&nbsp;Ameer Y. Taha","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids, and influence cellular function via effects on membrane properties, and also by acting as a precursor pool for lipid mediators. These lipid mediators are formed via activation of pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation, and are consequently called oxylipins. Their biosynthesis can be either enzymatically-dependent, utilising the promiscuous cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase pathways, or nonenzymatic via free radical-catalyzed pathways. The oxylipins include the classical eicosanoids, comprising prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, and also more recently identified lipid mediators. With the advent of new technologies there is growing interest in identifying these different lipid mediators and characterising their roles in health and disease. This review brings together contributions from some of those at the forefront of research into lipid mediators, who provide brief introductions and summaries of current understanding of the structure and functions of the main classes of nonclassical oxylipins. The topics covered include omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA biosynthesis pathways, focusing on the roles of the different fatty acid desaturase enzymes, oxidized linoleic acid metabolites, omega-3 PUFA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators, elovanoids, nonenzymatically oxidized PUFAs, and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101165"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782722000200/pdfft?md5=afe127717550970294e41a11a95d5958&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782722000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45192216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease","authors":"Liubov S. Kalinichenko ,&nbsp;Erich Gulbins ,&nbsp;Johannes Kornhuber ,&nbsp;Christian P. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory, are crucial brain mechanisms mediating the successful adaptation of individuals to constantly changing environmental conditions. Impairments in memory performance during neurodegenerative disorders or dementias affect life quality of patients as well as their relatives and careers, and thus have a severe socio-economic impact. The last decades have viewed learning and memory as predominantly protein-mediated process at the synapses of brain neurons. However, recent developments propose a principally new, lipid-based mechanism that regulates cognition. Thereby, crucial members of cell membranes, the sphingolipids, emerged to play an outstanding role in learning and memory. The most abundant brain sphingolipids, </span>ceramides<span> and gangliosides, dynamically shape the composition of protein carrying cellular membranes. This, in turn, regulates protein signaling through the membranes and overall neuronal plasticity. An imbalance in sphingolipid composition and disrupted dynamics significantly affect normal functioning of cells and results in the development of multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders with cognitive impairments. Ceramides and gangliosides interact with a plethora of molecular pathways determining de novo learning and memory, as well as pathogenic pathways of neurodegenerative disorders and dementias of various origins. Considering sphingolipids as a trigger mechanism for learning and memory under physiological and pathological conditions, a principally new class of lipid-based preventive and therapeutic approaches to target cognitive impairments and dementias is emerging.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101162"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40314917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for more focus on lipid species in studies of biological and model membranes","authors":"Tore Skotland ,&nbsp;Kirsten Sandvig","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lipid composition of cellular membranes can impact a number of physiological processes such as signaling, cell migration, endocytosis and intracellular transport. In this article we focus on some aspects concerning analysis of lipids and research on lipid structure and function in mammalian cells that in our opinion have not obtained sufficient attention. This includes interleaflet coupling between the two layers of the membrane, and the role of lipid species, i.e. the role of the complete structure of the lipids, including lipid chain length and the position of double bonds. We highlight the role of PS species for membrane function. We also discuss the large diversity of PS species in different biological samples and the possible functional consequences, and we provide an overview of PS species from 40 different samples. Furthermore, recent studies show that there seems to be a coregulation concerning the levels of sphingolipids and ether lipids. We review and discuss the published data indicating such a coregulation. Moreover, we point to some of the pitfalls in the field of lipidomics and present suggestions for improvement. Finally, we discuss the importance of using asymmetric membrane models with a composition of lipid species that are common in biological membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782722000157/pdfft?md5=047b06e835365b7cb6f74e35e8a15eeb&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782722000157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49066081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}