{"title":"Roles of prostaglandin signaling in implantation and decidualization","authors":"Yukihiko Sugimoto , Shizu Aikawa , Tomoaki Inazumi , Yasushi Hirota","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embryo implantation and subsequent decidualization are crucial processes for the establishment of a healthy pregnancy, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. Prostaglandins (PGs), which are synthesized from arachidonic acid via a pathway involving cyclooxygenase (COX) as the rate-limiting enzyme, have been shown to regulate implantation. Recently, the COX isozymes COX-1 and COX-2 were found to play distinct roles in implantation. Furthermore, the PG receptors involved in decidualization have been identified. In this review, we summarize the role of PGs in implantation from the viewpoint of COX and PG receptors, as well as the interplay between PGs and lysophosphatidic acid upon embryo implantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101357"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in neurodegenerative disorders: Mixed designs = mixed results","authors":"Simon C. Dyall , Mélanie Plourde","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological studies consistently show an elevated intake of fish and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduces the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, particularly dementia and Alzheimer's disease. These observations are supported by preclinical research, where a range of potential mechanisms have been identified, such as increasing neurogenesis, or regulating inflammation and neuroinflammation via the production of bioactive lipid mediators. However, the results of clinical trials have been inconsistent and mixed, and this may be due to the considerable heterogeneity in trial designs, but also a lack of appreciation of methodological complications unique to omega-3 PUFA research. In this review, we explore omega-3 PUFA specific methodological considerations based around participant selection and trial design. Participant-related aspects include baseline cognitive status, age, sex and genotype, whereas methodological aspects include placebo selection, DHA vs. EPA, chemical form and quality of the omega-3 PUFA preparation, and wider nutrient interactions. We also suggest how consideration of these factors should be included in the design and reporting of clinical trials, with the aim of increasing the validity and reproducibility of research in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101356"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Homeocurvature: A new dimension of membrane adaptation to extreme environments","authors":"Jacob R. Winnikoff , Itay Budin","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adaptation to abiotic factors is essential for life's radiation across the planet. Lipids, particularly sensitive to pressure and temperature (P and T), play a critical role in biochemical adaptation. In oceanic depths, lower temperatures and increasing hydrostatic pressure influence lipid packing. The prevailing model for lipid response to P and T has been homeoviscosity, regulating membrane viscosity. However, our recent systematic analysis of lipid adaptation in ctenophores revealed an alternative homeocurvature model influenced by the spontaneous curvature of phospholipids. This model highlights pressure as a stronger modulator of lipid curvature than membrane fluidity, which is particularly relevant in deep-sea environments. This review aims to enhance understanding of lipidome responses by synthesizing the challenges posed by extreme P and T. We explore the interplay between homeocurvature and homeoviscosity, illustrating the unexpected genesis of the homeocurvature model through chemical and biophysical trends. We apply both models to four published lipidomic datasets from diverse marine taxa, proposing that broader environmental sampling is vital for assessing existing models and discovering new ones. Understanding membrane responses to environmental factors informs the function of cell membranes broadly and helps predict the evolutionary and ecological impacts of global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101355"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla Busquets Hernández , Alexandra Tsiotsia , Ludovico Pipitò , Luke H. Chamberlain , Jennifer Greaves , Gemma Triola
{"title":"Different chains for different gains: How acyl chain diversity shapes S-acylated protein function","authors":"Carla Busquets Hernández , Alexandra Tsiotsia , Ludovico Pipitò , Luke H. Chamberlain , Jennifer Greaves , Gemma Triola","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>S-Acylation is a critical post-translational modification involving the attachment of fatty acyl chains to a large and diverse array of soluble and membrane proteins. The last two decades have witnessed a substantial acceleration in our understanding of this process, fuelled by the discovery of acylation enzymes, mapping of the cellular S-acylome, and the development of new chemical biology methodologies to interrogate the mechanisms and functional outcomes of this lipid modification. This modification is often referred to as “S-Palmitoylation”, however mass spectrometry analyses have provided compelling evidence that the acyl chains added to S-acylated proteins are diverse, that site-specific attachment of different acyl chains can be seen, and that exogenous fatty acids can modulate the lipid profile of the S-acylome. This heterogeneity is likely generated through a combination of enzyme specificities, Acyl CoA distribution and availability, and specific features of the modified substrate protein. Despite a limited number of functional studies, acyl chain differences can impact protein localisation and function, and could possibly contribute to the development and progression of disease. It is now clear that recognising and understanding the functional consequences of acyl chain heterogeneity is a pivotal step toward a more complete view of lipid-mediated protein regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101354"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Smolińska , Aleksandra Szopa , Piotr Dobrowolski , Jacek Dziedzic , Norbert Nowak , Anna Serefko , Michał Mirecki , Jan Sobczyński , Timo Ylikomi , Matthias Nees
{"title":"Targeting fatty acid-binding protein 4: A therapeutic intersection of obesity and cancer via lipid metabolism","authors":"Katarzyna Smolińska , Aleksandra Szopa , Piotr Dobrowolski , Jacek Dziedzic , Norbert Nowak , Anna Serefko , Michał Mirecki , Jan Sobczyński , Timo Ylikomi , Matthias Nees","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has emerged as a multifunctional regulator in cancer biology, linking dysregulated lipid metabolism, immune modulation, and tumor progression. Initially recognized for its role in fatty acid transport and lipid homeostasis, FABP4 is now understood as a secreted adipokine that influences diverse oncogenic processes, particularly in adipose-rich tumor microenvironments. It is upregulated in various cancers and secreted by both tumor and cancer-associated fibroblasts.</div><div>FABP4 facilitates lipid transfer, promotes fatty acid oxidation, and reprograms cancer cell metabolism. It also contributes to the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages, T-cells, and dendritic cells. FABP4 also supports epithelial–mesenchymal transition, enhances tumor cell plasticity, promotes invasion and metastasis, and has an impact on therapeutic resistance. The inhibition of FABP4 using small-molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies has shown promise in restoring therapeutic sensitivity and reducing metastasis in preclinical models. FABP4 has emerged as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker that predicts poor outcomes in multiple cancer types, supporting risk stratification and noninvasive diagnostics. Together, these findings place FABP4 at the intersection of tumor metabolism, immune evasion, and therapy resistance, highlighting its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target in precision oncology and personalized medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101353"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Apolipoproteins in circulation: At the interface of thrombosis and stroke initiation","authors":"Tamara Etuze , Denis Vivien , Fatemeh Dubois","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, arises predominantly from atherosclerosis and thromboembolic occlusion of cerebral arteries. While advancements in acute interventions such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy have improved outcomes, the identification of upstream molecular drivers remains essential for better prevention and risk stratification. Among these, circulating apolipoproteins, the structural and regulatory proteins of lipoprotein particles, are increasingly recognized as pivotal mediators at the intersection of lipid metabolism, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis.</div><div>This review summarizes recent evidence on the diverse roles of apolipoproteins in systemic vascular biology and their contributions to stroke initiation. We examine how specific apolipoproteins influence atherogenesis, plaque instability, coagulation factor dynamics, immune–endothelial interactions and platelet adhesion. Emerging data suggest that functional imbalances among apolipoproteins, independent of conventional lipid levels, may serve as superior predictors of stroke risk and reveal novel mechanistic links between dyslipidemia, immune cell activation and thrombo-inflammation.</div><div>By bridging insights from lipidology, vascular biology and thrombosis research, we position apolipoproteins as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of ischemic stroke and improve cerebrovascular health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101343"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The endocannabinoid system & malignant hyperthermia: From molecular signaling towards clinical implications","authors":"Simon Dalle , Sebastiaan Dalle","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder triggered by volatile anaesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants. MH is characterized by excessive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, often due to ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) mutations, leading to hypermetabolism, muscle rigidity and hyperthermia. While the RYR1 antagonist dantrolene remains the primary pharmacological treatment, its side effects necessitate exploration of alternative treatment options. Emerging evidence implicates the endocannabinoid system in muscle calcium homeostasis, suggesting its potential role in MH management. The endocannabinoid system comprises endogenous ligands (e.g. anandamide), cannabinoid receptors (e.g. cannabinoid receptor 1, CB1), and can modulate the calcium dynamics. CB1 activation inhibits PKA-mediated phosphorylation of RYR1 and L-type calcium channels, reducing myoplasmic calcium and muscle contractility, a mechanism that could counteract MH pathophysiology. In addition, antagonism or desensitization of the calcium channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 lowers calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Preclinical studies demonstrate that CB1 agonism lowers body temperature and attenuates cardiovascular stress, aligning with MH therapeutic goals. This review synthesizes molecular insights linking endocannabinoid signaling to MH, highlighting its unexplored potential as an adjunctive therapy. Future research should validate these mechanisms in MH-specific models, including RYR1-mutant human myotubes, to translate ECS modulation into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101342"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The balancing act between lipid droplets and lysosomes for membrane functionality in age-related neurodegeneration and inflammation","authors":"Mariana I. Tsap , Halyna R. Shcherbata","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-related neurodegenerative disorders are often associated with disruptions in lipid metabolism. A critical aspect is the impairment of the interaction between lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomal function, leading to the accumulation of toxic lipid species. This accumulation triggers cellular stress, inflammation, and defective waste processing within cells, disrupting cellular homeostasis and amplifying neuroinflammatory processes. Recent studies have shown that alterations in phospholipid and fatty acid homeostasis drive neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, exacerbating neurodegenerative processes. This review focuses on the role of neuropathy target esterase (PNPLA6/NTE) and NTE-related esterase (PNPLA7/NRE) in lipid metabolism, highlighting how dysregulation of these enzymes contributes to neurodegeneration, inflammation, and lysosomal dysfunction. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of lipid rafts, sphingolipids, and phospholipase enzymes, particularly PLA2 family members, in cellular signaling and membrane dynamics. By examining the relationship between lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling, and lysosomal storage disorders, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how LDs and lysosomes interact to influence cellular homeostasis in neurodegenerative conditions, which could lead to new therapeutic strategies addressing lipid dysregulation in age-related neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101341"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phospholipids and their metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers of human diseases","authors":"Jeong-Hun Kang , Riki Toita , Takahito Kawano , Masaharu Murata , Arihiro Kano","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phospholipids that occur predominantly in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylinositol (or phosphoinositide; PI). These membrane phospholipids are a promising source of disease-related biomarkers. Phospholipids and their metabolites are altered by the type of disease or disease progression. Metabolomics has shown that increased or decreased levels of altered phospholipids and their metabolites can be useful indicators for the diagnosis of various human diseases. In this review, we discuss the utility of the five major membrane phospholipids (PC, PS, PE, and SM, and PI) and their metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers of human diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101340"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Yang , Yangyang Chen , Shijie Ma , Meng Zhang , Tong Tang , Chang Du
{"title":"Bioengineering of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in oilseed crops","authors":"Zheng Yang , Yangyang Chen , Shijie Ma , Meng Zhang , Tong Tang , Chang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), especially very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), are highly beneficial to human health including brain development, cardiovascular health and the immune system. Plant-derived edible oils serve as crucial dietary sources of PUFAs for humans. However, oilseed crops such as soybean, peanut, rapeseed, sesame and flax, generally contain insufficient content of LC-PUFAs and do not naturally produce VLC-PUFAs. This review discusses PUFA biosynthesis, current efforts on LC-PUFA bioengineering in oilseed crops, comparing the advantages of different genetic engineering strategies and highlights the bottlenecks encountered in this field. Combination of high-efficient enzymes from various species has enabled the improvement of LC-PUFAs and slight production of VLC-PUFAs, though under risk of generational instability. These and future intelligently designed enzymes with multidisciplinary approaches in molecular biology, biochemistry and plant physiology can be crucial in developing oilseed crops that meet the growing demand for LC-PUFAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101333"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}