Deepali Rahi Roy , Koushik Roy , Stephane Panserat , Vlastimil Stejskal , Jan Mraz , Giovanni M. Turchini
{"title":"Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) composition of fish sperm: nexus of dietary, evolutionary, and biomechanical drivers","authors":"Deepali Rahi Roy , Koushik Roy , Stephane Panserat , Vlastimil Stejskal , Jan Mraz , Giovanni M. Turchini","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) constitute one-third to half of fish sperm lipids. Fish sperm is rich in phospholipid (PL)—primarily phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. DHA is generally the most abundant LC-PUFA in each PL class, followed by competition between ARA and EPA. While the total n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio does not correlate significantly with sperm biomechanics, LC-PUFA do. DHA positively influences sperm biomechanics, while ARA and EPA may be negatively associated. Fish sperm maintains lower (≤1) total n-6 PUFA per unit of n-3 PUFA but keep a higher (>1) ARA per unit EPA. A weak dietary influence on sperm EPA and DHA exists but not on ARA. The DHA: EPA ratio in fish sperm is often >1, though values <1 occur. Certain species cannot fortify DHA sufficiently during spermatogenesis, diverging through whole genome duplications. Fish sperm can show ARA: EPA ratios greater or less than 1, due to shifts in prostaglandin pathways in different evolutionary eras. DHA-rich PL bilayers provide unique packing and fusogenic properties, with ARA/EPA-derived eicosanoids guiding sperm rheotaxis/chemotaxis, modulated by DHA-derived resolvins. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) sometimes substitutes for DHA in fish sperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101305"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting bacterial phospholipids and their synthesis pathways for antibiotic discovery","authors":"Meirong Song , Shang Chen , Wenhan Lin , Kui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial infections in humans and animals caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a serious threat to public health. New antibacterial targets are extremely urgent to solve the dilemma of cross-resistance. Phospholipids are critical components in bacterial envelopes and involve diverse crucial processes to maintain homeostasis and modulate metabolism. Targeting phospholipids and their synthesis pathways has been largely overlooked because conventional membrane-targeted substances are non-specific with cytotoxicity. In this review, we first introduce the structure and physiological function of phospholipids in bacteria. Subsequently, we describe the chemical diversity of novel ligands targeting phospholipids, structure-activity relationships (SAR), modes of action (MOA), and pharmacological effects. Finally, we prospect the advantage of bacterial phospholipids as promising antibacterial targets. In conclusion, these findings will shed light on discovering and developing new antibacterial drugs to combat MDR bacteria-associated infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From fallopian tube epithelium to high-grade serous ovarian cancer: A single-cell resolution review of sex steroid hormone signaling","authors":"Marija Gjorgoska, Tea Lanišnik Rižner","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the most lethal subtype of ovarian cancer, largely due to being commonly diagnosed at advanced stages. The early molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian carcinogenesis remain poorly defined, posing challenges to the development of prevention and early detection strategies. Here we dissect the molecular mechanisms of sex steroid hormone signaling throughout the decades-long evolution of HGSOC precursor lesions, which predominantly originate from secretory epithelial cells of fallopian tubes (FT). We also discuss the prognostic significance of sex steroid receptor isoforms and steroid metabolizing enzymes in HGSOCs. Finally, we provide a comprehensive gene expression atlases of sex steroid receptors, steroidogenic, and steroid-metabolizing enzymes across different cell populations in pre- and postmenopausal FTs, and HGSOCs, using published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. These atlases reveal that secretory epithelial cells and stromal populations in FTs express sex steroid receptors and enzymes responsible for the formation and inactivation of genotoxic estrogen metabolites. In HGSOC, epithelial cells express various <em>HSD17B</em> isoforms and steroid conjugating enzymes, suggesting an enhanced ability to finely regulate the levels of bioactive sex steroids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101302"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camille Oger , Tereza Pavlíčková , Valérie Bultel-Poncé , Alexandre Guy , Jean-Marie Galano , Ullrich Jahn , Thierry Durand
{"title":"An update of isoprostanoid nomenclature","authors":"Camille Oger , Tereza Pavlíčková , Valérie Bultel-Poncé , Alexandre Guy , Jean-Marie Galano , Ullrich Jahn , Thierry Durand","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play numerous roles in living organisms but are also prone to rapid aerobic oxidation, resulting in the production of a wide range of isomeric metabolites called oxylipins. Among these, isoprostanes, discovered in the 1990s, are formed non-enzymatically from ω–3 and ω–6 PUFAs with 16 to 22 carbon atoms. Over nearly 35 years of research, two nomenclature systems for isoprostanes have been proposed and have evolved. However, as research progresses, certain aspects of the current nomenclature remain unclear and require further clarification to ensure precise identification of each metabolite and its corresponding parent PUFA. Therefore, we propose an update to the current nomenclature system, along with practical guidelines for assessing isoprostanoid diversity and identifying their PUFA origins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101301"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782724000341/pdfft?md5=e8fbece4968164131730ac5196e58dd6&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782724000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling brain palmitic acid: Origin, levels and metabolic fate","authors":"Mackenzie E. Smith, Richard P. Bazinet","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the human brain, palmitic acid (16:0; PAM) comprises nearly half of total brain saturates and has been identified as the third most abundant fatty acid overall. Brain PAM supports the structure of membrane phospholipids, provides energy, and regulates protein stability. Sources underlying the origin of brain PAM are both diet and endogenous synthesis via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), primarily from glucose. However, studies investigating the origin of brain PAM are limited to tracer studies utilizing labelled (<sup>14</sup>C/<sup>11</sup>C/<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>2</sup>H) PAM, and results vary based on the model and tracer used. Nevertheless, there is evidence PAM is synthesized locally in the brain, in addition to obtained directly from the diet. Herein, we provide an overview of brain PAM origin, entry to the brain, metabolic fate, and factors influencing brain PAM kinetics and levels, the latter in the context of age, as well as neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we briefly summarize the role of PAM in signaling at the level of the brain. We add to the literature a rudimentary summary on brain PAM metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance","authors":"Juliette Jouhet , Eliana Alves , Yohann Boutté , Sylvain Darnet , Frédéric Domergue , Thierry Durand , Pauline Fischer , Laetitia Fouillen , Mara Grube , Jérôme Joubès , Uldis Kalnenieks , Joanna M. Kargul , Inna Khozin-Goldberg , Catherine Leblanc , Sophia Letsiou , Josselin Lupette , Gabriel V. Markov , Isabel Medina , Tânia Melo , Peter Mojzeš , Rosário Domingues","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782724000237/pdfft?md5=8afa52fc297f9eab2e95f26117ac0614&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782724000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of atherosclerosis risk: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atherosclerosis is a causative factor associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the past few decades, extensive research has been carried out on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested lipids and the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the precise nature of this relationship, which has led to challenges in providing sound dietary advice to the general public. There is therefore a pressing need to review our current understanding of the relationship between the dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis, and to summarize the underlying factors contributing to the current uncertainties.</p><p>Initially, this article reviews the association between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and CVDs in different countries. A summary of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis is then given, including inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation, and vascular function. Possible reasons behind the current controversies on the relationship between the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and atherosclerosis are then provided, including the precise molecular structures of the fatty acids, diet-gene interactions, the role of fat-soluble phytochemicals, and the impact of other nutritional factors. An important objective of this article is to highlight areas where further research is needed to clarify the role of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on atherosclerosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101289"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunology of bile acids regulated receptors","authors":"Stefano Fiorucci , Silvia Marchianò , Ginevra Urbani , Cristina Di Giorgio , Eleonora Distrutti , Angela Zampella , Michele Biagioli","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bile acids are steroids formed at the interface of host metabolism and intestinal microbiota. While primary bile acids are generated in the liver from cholesterol metabolism, secondary bile acids represent the products of microbial enzymes. Close to 100 different enzymatic modifications of bile acids structures occur in the human intestine and clinically guided metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to the identification of an extraordinary number of novel metabolites. These chemical mediators make an essential contribution to the composition and function of the postbiota, participating to the bidirectional communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host and contributing to the architecture of intestinal-liver and -brain and -endocrine axes. Bile acids exert their function by binding to a group of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as bile acid-regulated receptors (BARRs), expressed in monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, CD4+ T effector cells, including Th17, T regulatory cells, dendritic cells and type 3 of intestinal lymphoid cells and NKT cells, highlighting their role in immune regulation. In this review we report on how bile acids and their metabolitesmodulate the immune system in inflammations and cancers and could be exploiting for developing novel therapeutic approaches in these disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101291"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Philipp Schuchardt , Philine Beinhorn , Xue Feng Hu , Hing Man Chan , Kaitlin Roke , Aldo Bernasconi , Andreas Hahn , Aleix Sala-Vila , Ken D. Stark , William S. Harris
{"title":"Omega-3 world map: 2024 update","authors":"Jan Philipp Schuchardt , Philine Beinhorn , Xue Feng Hu , Hing Man Chan , Kaitlin Roke , Aldo Bernasconi , Andreas Hahn , Aleix Sala-Vila , Ken D. Stark , William S. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2016, the first worldwide n3 PUFA status map was published using the Omega-3 Index (O3I) as standard biomarker. The O3I is defined as the percentage of EPA + DHA in red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs. The purpose of the present study was to update the 2016 map with new data. In order to be included, studies had to report O3I and/or blood EPA + DHA levels in metrics convertible into an estimated O3I, in samples drawn after 1999. To convert the non-RBC-based EPA + DHA metrics into RBC we used newly developed equations. Baseline data from clinical trials and observational studies were acceptable. A literature search identified 328 studies meeting inclusion criteria encompassing 342,864 subjects from 48 countries/regions. Weighted mean country O3I levels were categorized into very low ≤4%, low >4–6%, moderate >6–8%, and desirable >8%. We found that the O3I in most countries was low to very low. Notable differences between the current and 2016 map were 1) USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, UK, Ireland and Greece (moving from the very low to low category); 2) France, Spain and New Zealand (low to moderate); and 3) Finland and Iceland (moderate to desirable). Countries such as Iran, Egypt, and India exhibited particularly poor O3I levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101286"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782724000195/pdfft?md5=6eb90aec0819836d74000ea0a4a726fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782724000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew E. Bergman , Ruy W.J. Kortbeek , Michael Gutensohn , Natalia Dudareva
{"title":"Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation","authors":"Matthew E. Bergman , Ruy W.J. Kortbeek , Michael Gutensohn , Natalia Dudareva","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}