Magdolna Szántó , Rebecca Gupte , W. Lee Kraus , Pal Pacher , Peter Bai
{"title":"PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases","authors":"Magdolna Szántó , Rebecca Gupte , W. Lee Kraus , Pal Pacher , Peter Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101117"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39358796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvador Torres-Montilla, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
{"title":"Making extra room for carotenoids in plant cells: New opportunities for biofortification","authors":"Salvador Torres-Montilla, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection and provide colors in the yellow to red range to non-photosynthetic organs such as petals and ripe fruits. They are also the precursors of biologically active molecules not only in plants (including hormones and retrograde signals) but also in animals (including retinoids such as vitamin A). A carotenoid-rich diet has been associated with improved health and cognitive capacity in humans, whereas the use of carotenoids as natural pigments is widespread in the agrofood and cosmetic industries. The nutritional and economic relevance of carotenoids has spurred a large number of biotechnological strategies to enrich plant tissues with carotenoids. Most of such approaches to alter carotenoid contents in plants have been focused on manipulating their biosynthesis or degradation, whereas improving carotenoid sink capacity in plant tissues has received much less attention. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing carotenoid storage in plants has substantially grown in the last years, opening new opportunities for carotenoid biofortification. Here we will review these advances with a particular focus on those creating extra room for carotenoids in plant cells either by promoting the differentiation of carotenoid-sequestering structures within plastids or by transferring carotenoid production to the cytosol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782721000448/pdfft?md5=62ca7e13d47cfe40f9ad713cdfcf1b08&pid=1-s2.0-S0163782721000448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39423468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendy H. Müller, Edwin De Pauw, Johann Far, Cedric Malherbe, Gauthier Eppe
{"title":"Imaging lipids in biological samples with surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: A concise review of the last decade","authors":"Wendy H. Müller, Edwin De Pauw, Johann Far, Cedric Malherbe, Gauthier Eppe","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Knowing the spatial location of the lipid species present in biological samples is of paramount importance for the elucidation of pathological and </span>physiological processes. In this context, </span>mass spectrometry imaging<span> (MSI) has emerged as a powerful technology allowing the visualization of the spatial distributions of biomolecules, including lipids, in complex biological samples. Among the different ionization methods available, the emerging surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) MSI offers unique capabilities for the study of lipids. This review describes the specific advantages of SALDI-MSI for lipid analysis, including the ability to perform analyses in both ionization modes with the same nanosubstrate, the detection of lipids characterized by low ionization efficiency in MALDI-MS, and the possibilities of surface modification to improve the detection of lipids. The complementarity of SALDI and MALDI-MSI is also discussed. Finally, this review presents data processing strategies applied in SALDI-MSI of lipids, as well as examples of applications of SALDI-MSI in biomedical lipidomics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39146514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular insights into lipoxygenases for biocatalytic synthesis of diverse lipid mediators","authors":"Jung-Ung An , Seong-Eun Kim , Deok-Kun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Oxylipins derived mainly from C20- and C22-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), termed </span>lipid<span><span> mediators (LMs), are essential signalling messengers involved in human physiological responses associated with homeostasis and healing process for infection and inflammation. Some LMs involved in the resolution of inflammation and infection are termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are generated by human M2 macrophages or polymorphonuclear leukocytes and have the potential to protect and treat hosts from bacterial and viral infections by </span>phagocytosis<span> activation. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) biosynthesize regio- and stereoselective LMs. Thus, understanding the regio- and </span></span></span>stereoselectivities<span> of LOXs for PUFAs at a molecular level is important for the biocatalytic synthesis of diverse LMs. Here, we elucidate the catalytic mechanisms and discuss regio- and stereoselectivities and their changes of LOXs determined by insertion direction and position of the substrate and oxygen at a molecular level for the </span></span>biosynthesis<span> of diverse human LMs. Recently, the biocatalytic synthesis of PUFAs to human LMs or analogues has been conducted using microbial LOXs. Such microbial LOXs involved in the biosynthesis of LMs are expected to exert significantly higher activity and stability than human LOXs. Diverse regio- and stereoselective LOXs can be obtained from microorganisms, which represent a wealth of genomic sources. We reconstruct the biosynthetic pathways of LOX-catalyzed LMs in humans and other organisms. Furthermore, we suggest the effective methods of biocatalytic synthesis of diverse human LMs from PUFAs or glucose by using microbial LOXs, increasing the stability and activity of LOXs, combining the reactions of LOXs, and constructing metabolic pathways.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101110"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39244647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulation of EGFR activation and signaling by lipids on the plasma membrane","authors":"Do-Hyeon Kim , Hong Minh Triet , Sung Ho Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Lipids<span><span> on the plasma membrane are not only components of the membrane biophysical structures but also regulators of receptor functions. Recently, the critical roles of lipid-protein interactions have been intensively highlighted. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most extensively studied receptors exhibiting various lipid interactions, including interactions with phosphatidylcholine<span>, phosphatidylserine, </span></span>phosphatidylinositol phosphate, cholesterol, </span></span>gangliosides, and palmitate. Here, we review recent findings on how direct interaction with these lipids regulates EGFR activation and signaling, providing unprecedented insight into the comprehensive roles of various lipids in the control of EGFR functions. Finally, the current limitations in investigating lipid-protein interactions and novel technologies to potentially overcome these limitations are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39168606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers","authors":"Rahul Mallick , Sanjay Basak , Asim K. Duttaroy","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers.</p><p>Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39208797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasmalogens - Ubiquitous molecules occurring widely, from anaerobic bacteria to humans","authors":"Milada Vítová , Andrea Palyzová , Tomáš Řezanka","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Plasmalogens are a group of </span>lipids<span> mainly found in the cell membranes. They occur in anaerobic bacteria<span><span> and in some protozoa, invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Their occurrence in plants and fungi is controversial. They can protect cells from damage by reactive oxygen species, protect other phospholipids or lipoprotein particles against </span>oxidative stress, and have been implicated as signaling molecules and modulators of membrane dynamics. </span></span></span>Biosynthesis in anaerobic and aerobic organisms occurs by different pathways, and the main biosynthetic pathway in anaerobic bacteria was clarified only this year (2021). Many different analytical techniques have been used for plasmalogen analysis, some of which are detailed below. These can be divided into two groups: shotgun </span>lipidomics, or </span>electrospray ionization<span> mass spectrometry in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS). The advantages and limitations of both techniques are discussed here, using examples from anaerobic bacteria to specialized mammalian (human) organs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39247805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Abshirini, Bolaji Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere, Marlena C. Kruger
{"title":"Potential modulatory mechanisms of action by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone cell and chondrocyte metabolism","authors":"Maryam Abshirini, Bolaji Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere, Marlena C. Kruger","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and their metabolites are considered essential factors to support bone and joint health. The n-6 PUFAs suppress the osteoblasts differentiation via increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and promoting adipogenesis while n-3 PUFAs promote osteoblastogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ and enhancing osteoblastic activity. Arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are key regulators of osteoclast differentiation via induction of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) pathway. Marine-derived n-3 LCPUFAs have been shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL signalling pathway mediated by a reduction of pro-inflammatory PGE2 derived from AA. Omega-3 PUFAs reduce the expression of cartilage degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5) protein, oxidative stress and thereby apoptosis via nuclear factor kappa-betta (NF-kβ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways. In this review, a diverse range of important effects of LCPUFAs on bone cells and chondrocyte was highlighted through different mechanisms of action established by cell cultures and animal studies. This review allows a better understanding of the possible role of LCPUFAs in bone and chondrocyte metabolism as potential therapeutics in combating the pathological complications such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101113"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39146513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heng Li , Xiao-Hua Yu , Xiang Ou , Xin-Ping Ouyang , Chao-Ke Tang
{"title":"Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis","authors":"Heng Li , Xiao-Hua Yu , Xiang Ou , Xin-Ping Ouyang , Chao-Ke Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic </span>dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, </span>esterification<span><span>, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic </span>lipid droplets<span><span> or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins<span>, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the </span></span>biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39002234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1: A friend or the devil in disguise","authors":"Yang Zhao, Stephan Hasse, Sylvain G. Bourgoin","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Various human tissues and cells express phospholipase A1 member A (PLA1A), including the liver, lung, prostate gland, and </span>immune cells<span>. The enzyme belongs to the </span></span>pancreatic lipase<span> family. PLA1A specifically hydrolyzes<span> sn-1 fatty acid of phosphatidylserine (PS) or 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine (1-acyl-lysoPS). PS externalized by activated cells or apoptotic cells or extracellular vesicles is a potential source of substrate for the production of unsaturated lysoPS species by PLA1A. Maturation and functions of many immune cells, such as </span></span></span>T cells<span>, dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells, can be regulated by PLA1A and lysoPS. Several lysoPS receptors, including GPR34, GPR174 and P2Y10, have been identified. High serum levels and high PLA1A expression are associated with autoimmune disorders such as Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Increased expression of PLA1A is associated with metastatic melanomas. PLA1A may contribute to cardiometabolic disorders through mediating cholesterol transportation and producing lysoPS. Furthermore, PLA1A is necessary for hepatitis C virus assembly and can play a role in the antivirus innate immune response. This review summarizes recent findings on PLA1A expression, lysoPS and lysoPS receptors in autoimmune disorders, cancers, cardiometabolic disorders, antivirus immune responses, as well as regulations of immune cells.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101112"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39103803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}