Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses

IF 14 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Sami Kazaz , Romane Miray , Loïc Lepiniec, Sébastien Baud
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引用次数: 21

Abstract

Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.

植物单不饱和脂肪酸:多样性、生物合成、功能和用途
单不饱和脂肪酸是由独特的碳-碳双键组成的直链脂肪族单羧酸,也称为不饱和脂肪酸。在植物界,人们已经发现了50多种不同的分子结构,还有更多的有待发现。陆地植物的进化显然导致了非同源酶的趋同进化,这些酶以化学、区域和立体选择的方式催化饱和酰基链底物的脱氢。不同的酶特性和这些去饱和酶的不同亚细胞定位解释了现有脂肪酸结构的多样性。有趣的是,不饱和的位置和几何结构赋予了这些分子在各种膜、储存和表面脂质中发现的特定特征。一项正在进行的研究旨在探索脂肪酸结构与其生物学功能之间存在的联系,已经揭示了几种单不饱和脂肪酸在各种生理和发育背景下的重要性。更重要的是,在种子和水果油中发现的单不饱和酰基链由于其结构固有的物理化学性质,在食品和化学工业中得到越来越广泛的应用。育种家和植物生物技术专家因此开发出单不饱和含量高的新作物,用于各种农业工业用途。
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来源期刊
Progress in lipid research
Progress in lipid research 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
24.50
自引率
2.20%
发文量
37
审稿时长
14.6 weeks
期刊介绍: The significance of lipids as a fundamental category of biological compounds has been widely acknowledged. The utilization of our understanding in the fields of biochemistry, chemistry, and physiology of lipids has continued to grow in biotechnology, the fats and oils industry, and medicine. Moreover, new aspects such as lipid biophysics, particularly related to membranes and lipoproteins, as well as basic research and applications of liposomes, have emerged. To keep up with these advancements, there is a need for a journal that can evaluate recent progress in specific areas and provide a historical perspective on current research. Progress in Lipid Research serves this purpose.
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