Imad Khan , Mudassar Hussain , Bangzhi Jiang , Lei Zheng , Yuechao Pan , Jijie Hu , Adil Khan , Azqa Ashraf , Xiaoqiang Zou
{"title":"Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications","authors":"Imad Khan , Mudassar Hussain , Bangzhi Jiang , Lei Zheng , Yuechao Pan , Jijie Hu , Adil Khan , Azqa Ashraf , Xiaoqiang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The </span>dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101255"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49814516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joke A. Bouwstra , Andreea Nădăban , Wim Bras , Clare McCabe , Annette Bunge , Gerrit S. Gooris
{"title":"The skin barrier: An extraordinary interface with an exceptional lipid organization","authors":"Joke A. Bouwstra , Andreea Nădăban , Wim Bras , Clare McCabe , Annette Bunge , Gerrit S. Gooris","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The barrier function of the skin is primarily located in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. The SC is composed of dead cells with highly organized lipid lamellae in the intercellular space. As the lipid matrix forms the only continuous pathway, the lipids play an important role in the permeation of compounds through the SC. The main lipid classes are ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Analysis of the SC lipid matrix is of crucial importance in understanding the skin barrier function, not only in healthy skin, but also in inflammatory skin diseases with an impaired skin barrier. In this review we provide i) a historical overview of the steps undertaken to obtain information on the lipid composition and organization in SC of healthy skin and inflammatory skin diseases, ii) information on the role CERs, CHOL and FFAs play in the lipid phase behavior of very complex lipid model systems and how this knowledge can be used to understand the deviation in lipid phase behavior in inflammatory skin diseases, iii) knowledge on the role of both, CER subclasses and chain length distribution, on lipid organization and lipid membrane permeability in complex and simple model systems with synthetic CERs, CHOL and FFAs, iv) similarity in lipid phase behavior in SC of different species and complex model systems, and vi) future directions in modulating lipid composition that is expected to improve the skin barrier in inflammatory skin diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101252"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10153430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles","authors":"Nour Hammoudeh , Chadi Soukkarieh , Denis J. Murphy , Abdulsamie Hanano","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a </span>neutral lipid<span><span><span> core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular </span>homeostasis<span> plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes<span> participate in the biosynthesis<span> of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, </span></span></span></span>lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10605667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archaeal lipids","authors":"Tomáš Řezanka , Lucie Kyselová , Denis J. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of ether-linked isoprenoid-based alkyl chains rather than ester-linked fatty acyl chains for their hydrophobic moieties. These fascinating compounds play important roles in the extremophile<span><span><span> lifestyles of many species, but are also present in the growing numbers of recently discovered mesophilic archaea<span>. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of archaea in general and their lipids in particular. Much of the new information has come from the ability to screen large microbial populations via environmental </span></span>metagenomics, which has revolutionised our understanding of the extent of archaeal biodiversity that is coupled with a strict conservation of their membrane </span>lipid compositions<span>. Significant additional progress has come from new culturing and analytical techniques that are gradually enabling archaeal physiology and biochemistry to be studied in real time. These studies are beginning to shed light on the much-discussed and still-controversial process of eukaryogenesis, which probably involved both bacterial and archaeal progenitors. Puzzlingly, although eukaryotes retain many attributes of their putative archaeal ancestors, their lipid compositions only reflect their bacterial progenitors. Finally, elucidation of archaeal lipids and their metabolic pathways have revealed potentially interesting applications that have opened up new frontiers for biotechnological exploitation of these organisms. This review is concerned with the analysis, structure, function, evolution and biotechnology of archaeal lipids and their associated metabolic pathways.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101237"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The pathophysiological role of dihydroceramide desaturase in the nervous system","authors":"Fei-Yang Tzou , Thorsten Hornemann , Jui-Yu Yeh , Shu-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DEGS1) converts dihydroceramide (dhCer) to ceramide (Cer) by inserting a C4-C5 </span><em>trans</em> (∆4E) double bond into the sphingoid backbone. Low DEGS activity causes accumulation of dhCer and other dihydrosphingolipid species. Although dhCer and Cer are structurally very similar, their imbalances can have major consequences both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Mutations in the human <em>DEGS1</em><span><span><span> gene are known to cause severe neurological defects, such as hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Likewise, inhibition of DEGS1 activity in fly and zebrafish models causes dhCer accumulation and subsequent neuronal dysfunction, suggesting that DEGS1 activity plays a conserved and critical role in the nervous system. Dihydrosphingolipids and their desaturated counterparts are known to control various essential processes, including autophagy, exosome biogenesis, ER stress<span>, cell proliferation, and cell death. Furthermore, </span></span>model membranes<span><span> with either dihydrosphingolipids or sphingolipids exhibit different biophysical properties, including </span>membrane permeability<span> and packing, thermal stability, and </span></span></span>lipid diffusion. However, the links between molecular properties, </span><em>in vivo</em> functional data, and clinical manifestations that underlie impaired DEGS1 function remain largely unresolved. In this review, we summarize the known biological and pathophysiological roles of dhCer and its derivative dihydrosphingolipid species in the nervous system, and we highlight several possible disease mechanisms that warrant further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101236"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10605673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases","authors":"Xuefeng Jin , Guang-Yu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101241"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10250739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomohiro Kimura , Atsuko K. Kimura , Richard M. Epand
{"title":"Systematic crosstalk in plasmalogen and diacyl lipid biosynthesis for their differential yet concerted molecular functions in the cell","authors":"Tomohiro Kimura , Atsuko K. Kimura , Richard M. Epand","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Plasmalogen<span> is a major phospholipid of </span></span>mammalian cell membranes. Recently it is becoming evident that the </span><em>sn</em><span><span>-1 vinyl-ether linkage in plasmalogen, contrasting to the ester linkage in the counterpart diacyl glycerophospholipid, yields differential molecular characteristics for these </span>lipids<span> especially related to hydrocarbon-chain order, so as to concertedly regulate biological membrane<span> processes. A role played by NMR in gaining information in this respect, ranging from molecular to tissue levels, draws particular attention. We note here that a broad range of enzymes in </span></span></span><em>de novo</em> synthesis pathway of plasmalogen commonly constitute that of diacyl glycerophospholipid. This fact forms the basis for systematic crosstalk that not only controls a quantitative balance between these lipids, but also senses a defect causing loss of lipid in either pathway for compensation by increase of the counterpart lipid. However, this inherent counterbalancing mechanism paradoxically amplifies imbalance in differential effects of these lipids in a diseased state on membrane processes. While sharing of enzymes has been recognized, it is now possible to overview the crosstalk with growing information for specific enzymes involved. The overview provides a fundamental clue to consider cell and tissue type-dependent schemes in regulating membrane processes by plasmalogen and diacyl glycerophospholipid in health and disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101234"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10249841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanni Musso , Francesca Saba , Maurizio Cassader , Roberto Gambino
{"title":"Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances","authors":"Giovanni Musso , Francesca Saba , Maurizio Cassader , Roberto Gambino","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101238"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10623403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhengbin Zhang , Liwen Zhu , Ziqian Wang , Ning Hua , Shunying Hu , Yundai Chen
{"title":"Can the new adipokine asprosin be a metabolic troublemaker for cardiovascular diseases? A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Zhengbin Zhang , Liwen Zhu , Ziqian Wang , Ning Hua , Shunying Hu , Yundai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adipokines play a significant role in cardiometabolic diseases. Asprosin, a newly discovered adipokine<span>, was first identified as a glucose-raising protein hormone. Asprosin also stimulates appetite and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Its identified receptors so far include Olfr734 and Ptprd. Clinical studies have found that asprosin may be associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Asprosin may have diagnostic and therapeutic potential in obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Herein, the structure, receptors, and functions of asprosin and its relationship with cardiometabolic diseases are summarized based on recent findings.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael A. Crawford , Andrew J. Sinclair , Barbara Hall , Enitan Ogundipe , Yiqun Wang , Dimitrios Bitsanis , Ovrang B. Djahanbakhch , Laurence Harbige , Kebreab Ghebremeskel , Ivan Golfetto , Therishnee Moodley , Ahmed Hassam , AnnieBelle Sassine , Mark R. Johnson
{"title":"The imperative of arachidonic acid in early human development","authors":"Michael A. Crawford , Andrew J. Sinclair , Barbara Hall , Enitan Ogundipe , Yiqun Wang , Dimitrios Bitsanis , Ovrang B. Djahanbakhch , Laurence Harbige , Kebreab Ghebremeskel , Ivan Golfetto , Therishnee Moodley , Ahmed Hassam , AnnieBelle Sassine , Mark R. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review is about the role of arachidonic acid (ArA) in foetal and early growth and development. In 1975 and ‘76, we reported the preferential incorporation of ArA into the developing brain of rat pups, its conservation as a principal component in the brains of 32 mammalian species and the high proportion delivered by the human placenta for foetal nutrition, compared to its parent linoleic acid (LA). ArA is quantitatively the principal acyl component of membrane lipids from foetal red cells, mononuclear cells, astrocytes, endothelium, and placenta. Functionally, we present evidence that ArA, but not DHA, relaxes the foetal mesenteric arteries. The placenta biomagnifies ArA, doubling the proportion of the maternal level in cord blood. The proportions of ArA and its allies (di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), adrenic acid and ω6 docosapentaenoic acid) are similar or higher than the total of ω3 fatty acids in human milk, maintaining the abundant supply to the developing infant. Despite the evidence of the importance of ArA, the European Food Standard Agency, in 2014 rejected the joint FAO and WHO recommendation on the inclusion of ArA in infant formula, although they recommended DHA. The almost universal dominance of ArA in the membrane phosphoglycerides during human organogenesis and prenatal growth suggests that the importance of ArA and its allies in reproductive biology needs to be re-evaluated urgently.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20650,"journal":{"name":"Progress in lipid research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10260260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}