Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108604
Majed Alshammari
{"title":"Flexible and innovative PVA/ZrO2/g-C3N4/CNT nanocomposites film for optoelectronic applications","authors":"Majed Alshammari","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study successfully prepared polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer films doped with ZrO<sub>2</sub>/(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CNT) nanofillers using the solution casting technique. The crystal structure of the nanocomposite films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing the semi-crystalline nature of PVA and an average ZrO<sub>2</sub> crystallite size of 13.17 nm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the chemical composition and functional groups present in the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed uniform dispersion of the nanofillers without noticeable phase separation, with EDX confirming the successful incorporation of ZrO<sub>2</sub>, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and CNT into the PVA matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further validated the elemental composition and chemical states, indicating the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and zirconium. Optical analysis demonstrated that increasing ZrO<sub>2</sub>/(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CNT) content reduced the direct and indirect band gaps from 5.41 eV to 5.25 eV and from 5.18 eV to 4.92 eV, respectively. In addition, the single-oscillator energy (<em>E</em><sub><em>0</em></sub>) and dispersion energy (<em>E</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>) increased, while the static refractive index (n<sub>0</sub>) decreased. Improvements were also observed in linear optical susceptibility (χ<sup>(1)</sup>) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ<sup>(3)</sup>), enhancing the polarizability of the polymer molecules. These results indicate that PVA films doped with ZrO<sub>2</sub>/(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CNT) hold promise for optoelectronic applications due to their enhanced optical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108606
Yang Wang , Zhao Ding , Junli Li , Ting Yang , Jianfeng Chen , Lifeng Bian , Chen Yang
{"title":"Characterization of the in-situ degradation process of P3HT:PCBM based on hyperspectral and neural networks","authors":"Yang Wang , Zhao Ding , Junli Li , Ting Yang , Jianfeng Chen , Lifeng Bian , Chen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In situ online observation of surface morphology during degradation processes is of paramount importance for exploring the stability of organic photovoltaic materials. In this study, we designed an in situ online characterization system based on hyperspectral and neural network technologies, and observed the degradation processes of P3HT:PCBM thin film materials. The system is capable of collecting hyperspectral image data from 101 channels within the 400–700 nm wavelength range for characterizing detailed surface features of materials. Additionally, to automate the processing of hyperspectral image data, we designed a spectral image segmentation algorithm based on neural networks and proposed a foreground attention mechanism to improve the segmentation accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the system can achieve high spectral characterization of P3HT:PCBM thin film materials and automate image data processing through artificial intelligence algorithms, with an image segmentation accuracy of 99.62 %. Furthermore, owing to the higher spectral resolution of this system and its computer-assisted analysis capabilities for material image data, not only are the in-situ variations in size, density, and formation rate of aggregates formed during the thermal degradation process of P3HT:PCBM thin film materials experimentally analyzed, but also the fluorescence changes at the edges of aggregates during the photodegradation process are revealed. The reliable code can be found at the following link: <span><span>https://github.com/HyperSystemAndImageProc/IONFMDP-UHHNN</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108606"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108603
Shiyan Sun, Yunxuan Weng, Caili Zhang
{"title":"Recent advancements in bio-based plasticizers for polylactic acid (PLA): A review","authors":"Shiyan Sun, Yunxuan Weng, Caili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on bio-based plasticizers for polylactic acid (PLA), an environmentally friendly and biodegradable polyester, has advanced due to the increasing focus on sustainable materials. The brittleness of PLA has presented challenges in film production, prompting researchers to blend it with natural plasticizers such as vegetable oils and citrate to enhance flexibility and processing ease while maintaining biodegradability and safety. This review summarizes recent findings from the past five years on bio-based plasticizers for PLA, highlighting their impact on the physical properties of PLA. Despite the high cost associated with bio-based plasticizers, their market is anticipated to expand owing to the environmental benefits they provide. Primary challenges involve the advancement of bio-based plasticizers with superior performance, broadening the range of available feedstock choices, and performing economic evaluations to enhance competitiveness. In the future, research will focus on formulating plasticizers that offer added advantages such as enhanced toughness, antimicrobial features, and reduced migration, in line with the industry's growing emphasis on sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108603"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108605
Yao Xiao , Biao Li , Pengfei Diao , Yinggang Huang , Xiangxu Li , Chuansheng Wang , Huiguang Bian
{"title":"Raw rubber network of acid-free natural rubber and its application with solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber in green tires","authors":"Yao Xiao , Biao Li , Pengfei Diao , Yinggang Huang , Xiangxu Li , Chuansheng Wang , Huiguang Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural raw rubber was prepared by flash evaporation process (VNR), its raw rubber network was compared with that of acid-coagulated rubber (STR20), and the effects of the ratios of VNR and STR20 to SSBR on the comprehensive performance of green tire composites were investigated. The results showed that compared with 80SSBR composites, the tensile strength and tensile product coefficient of 80VNR composites were improved by 23 % and 94 %, and the Payne effect, compression heat generation, and rolling resistance were reduced by 39 %, 9 %, and 5 %, respectively. Compared with 40STR20/40SSBR composites, the tensile product coefficient, wear resistance, and wet skid resistance of 40VNR/40SSBR composites are increased by 11 %, 5 %, and 5 %, respectively, and the Payne effect, compression heat generation, and rolling resistance were reduced by 46 %, 11 %, and 5 %, respectively. This study increased the amount of natural rubber in the green tire formulations, improving the performance of composites while achieving sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108605"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and analytical study on the compressive behavior of PMI foam with different densities and cell sizes under intermediate strain rates","authors":"Peilin Zhu, Jili Rong, Shenglong Wang, Zichao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam materials have great potential for applications in the field of protective energy absorption owing to their superior compressive properties. Existing studies on the mechanical behavior of PMI foams are limited, particularly for loading at intermediate strain rates. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of PMI foam with four different densities under quasi-static and intermediate strain rate compression (0.001 s<sup>−1</sup> to 100 s<sup>−1</sup>). Each density included three different cell sizes to determine their effects on the compressive performance. Loads parallel and perpendicular to the foam rise direction were considered to investigate the anisotropic behavior. Intermediate strain rate tests were conducted using a high-speed hydraulic servo testing machine, which achieved a stable strain rate while ensuring consistent specimen sizes in both quasi-static and dynamic tests. In all the experiments, the compression process was captured using a high-speed camera and the macroscopic deformation mode and microscopic deformation mechanism were analyzed by combining Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The PMI foam with finer cell sizes exhibited an enhanced compression performance. As the strain rate increased, the strain rate effect became more evident in the high-density specimens and an increase in cell size diminished this effect. A modified analytical model incorporating the cell-size correction term was developed based on Gibson and Ashby's model. The modified model exhibited an average error of 4.9 % in the predicted plateau stress of PMI foam with different cell sizes at the same density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108602
Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez , Rosa Barranco-García , Tamara M. Díez-Rodríguez , María L. Cerrada , Ernesto Pérez
{"title":"The mesophase of PLA in binary materials with ATBC and in composites with ATBC and mesoporous MCM-41","authors":"Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez , Rosa Barranco-García , Tamara M. Díez-Rodríguez , María L. Cerrada , Ernesto Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several composites of an <em>L</em>-rich polylactide (PLA) with acetyl tri-<em>n</em>-butyl citrate (ATBC), and mesoporous particles of Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) have been prepared in order to overcome the important drawback of PLA related to its rather low crystallization rate. Additionally of solving that deficiency, the mesophase of PLA has been spontaneously formed in two specimens just by standing at room temperature. This finding was ascertained from the corresponding X-ray diffractograms, which are similar to those observed for the mesophase obtained by stretching experiments. When the mesophase is initially present, its nucleation ability for recrystallization is significantly higher than the one exhibited by amorphous samples, as shown by both DSC and real-time variable-temperature synchrotron diffraction experiments. Moreover, the mesophase displays relatively small values of the long spacing, around 10–11 nm, compared with the values of about 16–18 nm found in the crystals. On the other hand, the mesophase shows in most cases an intermediate degree of order between the amorphous and crystalline phases, as stated by FTIR measurements. Its most characteristic feature is the observation of a distinctive peak at 916 cm<sup>−1</sup>, while the crystals show a specific peak at 923 cm<sup>−1</sup> for the α′ phase and at 921 cm<sup>−1</sup> for the α modification. The low-frequency region of the spectra below around 800 cm<sup>−1</sup>, scarcely commented in literature, has also been found especially sensitive to ordering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108582
Yidong Wu , Dan Hong , Shijie Qiu , Yi Fang , Yabin Zhu
{"title":"Intrinsic antibacterial photopolymerization 3D-printed thermosets from citronellol and cinnamyl alcohol: Synthesis and properties","authors":"Yidong Wu , Dan Hong , Shijie Qiu , Yi Fang , Yabin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As concerns about personal health continue to escalate, there is an urgent need to innovate the development and production of photopolymeric 3D printing thermoset materials with inherent antibacterial properties and high elongation, paving the way for significant advances in 3D printing technology. In this work, two acrylate compounds (CMA and CAMA)with inherent antibacterial properties were synthesized using renewable monomers derived from citronellol and cinnamyl alcohol. The chemical structures of the two acrylate compounds were verified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and <sup>1</sup>H NMR. The addition of these compounds to the photopolymeric 3D printing resin system can facilitate the production of 3D printed thermoset materials with inherent antibacterial properties. The mechanical and antibacterial properties of photopolymeric 3D printing thermosets were assessed utilizing tensile tests and oscillation methods. The results show that the addition of CMA and CAMA can significantly improve the fracture elongation and antibacterial performance of photopolymeric 3D printing thermosets. The improved systems exhibited the highest antibacterial rate (94.2 % and 98.9 %, respectively), and fracture productivities (47 % and 50 %, respectively). These results highlight the significant impact of integrating CMA and CAMA to enhance the toughness and antibacterial effects of photopolymeric 3D printing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108601
Maarten van der Zee, Martin Zijlstra, Lambertus J. Kuijpers, Marieke Hilhorst, Karin Molenveld, Wouter Post
{"title":"The effect of biodegradable polymer blending on the disintegration rate of PHBV, PBS and PLA in soil","authors":"Maarten van der Zee, Martin Zijlstra, Lambertus J. Kuijpers, Marieke Hilhorst, Karin Molenveld, Wouter Post","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study generates new insights into the disintegration phenomena that take place upon blending different classes of biodegradable polymers. Polymer blending is found to be an effective method to tailor the disintegration rate of these polymers in soil. It is shown that the biodegradation of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) can be accelerated by blending with poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). The observed high rate of disintegration of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in soil (severe deterioration in 4 weeks, and fragmentation in 4 months) does not fully align with its current reputation in the market as a polymer that is non-biodegradable in soil. Disintegration trials executed in soil media with different inoculants demonstrate that the biodegradation rate of PBS in soil is highly dependent on the specific soil conditions. Moreover, it is shown that the biodegradation of PBS can be substantially accelerated by blending it with PBSA (fragmentation in 8 weeks). Finally, it is shown that the disintegration of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in soil can be enhanced by blending it with PCL. Experiments that monitor the CO<sub>2</sub> evolution of these blends, both in soil and in home composting environments, demonstrate that not just the disintegration, but also the overall biodegradation of PLA is enhanced by blending with PCL (39 % conversion to CO<sub>2</sub> in 12 months incubation in soil; 89 % conversion to CO<sub>2</sub> in 6 months incubation in home composting conditions). This opens up possibilities for targeted blending strategies to reduce potential accumulation of PLA-based plastics in soil environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108601"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108600
Bor Mojškerc, Zoran Bergant, Roman Šturm, Nikola Vukašinović
{"title":"Fatigue and wear performance of bioepoxy vacuum-infused and autoclave-cured E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composite gears in mesh with a steel pinion","authors":"Bor Mojškerc, Zoran Bergant, Roman Šturm, Nikola Vukašinović","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer composite gears are under investigation as a promising solution to mitigate the performance gap between polymer and metal gears. The study presented in this paper evaluates the fatigue and wear performance of E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composite gears. The E-glass fibers are vacuum infused with bioepoxy, followed by autoclave curing. High-speed milling is utilized to fabricate the gears, which are then subjected to testing at torques ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 Nm. Gear failure modes predominantly include wear combined with tooth edge intra-bundle fiber delamination due to fatigue, followed by extensive inter-ply delamination just prior to failure. Gear tooth wear volume demonstrates a nearly linear correlation with the number of cycles, with accelerated wear rates observed at higher torques. E-glass fiber polymer composite gears exhibit a shorter service life and a higher wear coefficient compared to our previously developed carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite gears. However, their performance remains fair, with a service life between that of PA6 GF30 and PA66 GF30 glass fiber reinforced gears.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108600"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108596
Enling Tang, Jiameng Hou, Ruizhi Wang, Yafei Han, Chuang Chen, Mengzhou Chang, Kai Guo, Liping He
{"title":"Energy absorption characteristics of STF impregnated Kevlar fabric coating GFRP composite structure by projectile high-velocity impact","authors":"Enling Tang, Jiameng Hou, Ruizhi Wang, Yafei Han, Chuang Chen, Mengzhou Chang, Kai Guo, Liping He","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new STF impregnated Kevlar fabric coated GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) composite structure obtained by combining STF(shear thickening fluid) impregnated Kevlar fabric and GFRP can obtain strong energy absorption capacity with light weight compared with two separate structures, so it has strong impact resistance. In this paper, the experiments of STF impregnated Kevlar fabric, GFRP laminated plate and STF impregnated Kevlar fabric coating GFRP laminated structure were carried out, respectively. Based on reliable numerical simulation, the macroscopic damage and energy absorption characteristics of the same material in STF impregnated Kevlar fabric, GFRP laminated plate and STF impregnated Kevlar fabric coating GFRP laminated structure were analyzed. The results show that the GFRP laminate and the rear Kevlar fabric in the STF-impregnated Kevlar fabric coating GFRP laminate structure show a larger damage area than that of GFRP laminate and STF impregnated Kevlar fabric alone, and a larger deflection is generated during the process of impact. The increase of the number of layers of Kevlar fabric in the front and back of the laminate and the increase of the thickness of the laminate make the Kevlar fabric absorb more energy. If the energy absorption capacity of GFRP laminates is increased, the number of layers of the front Kevlar fabric can be reduced, the thickness of the laminates can be increased, and materials with greater strength can be added to the front ply of the laminates. However, increasing the thickness of GFRP laminates will reduce the lightweight requirements of laminated structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108596"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}