Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108885
Seungrae Cho , Hyemi Lee , Sieun Je , Juho Lee , Suwon Bae , Tae Ann Kim , Jaejun Lee
{"title":"Enhancing shock wave energy dissipation in metallosupramolecular polymer by tuning metal-imidazole coordination interactions","authors":"Seungrae Cho , Hyemi Lee , Sieun Je , Juho Lee , Suwon Bae , Tae Ann Kim , Jaejun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of materials capable of shock wave energy dissipation (SWED) is critical for modern protective applications. In this study, metallosupramolecular poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks cross-linked with Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions and imidazole ligands were designed to enhance SWED by leveraging the dynamic nature of metal-ligand coordination bonds. A laser-induced shock wave technique revealed that Cu<sup>2+</sup> cross-linked PDMS exhibited superior SWED performance, likely due to coordination rearrangement dynamics occurring within a relevant timescale for shock wave dissipation. Time-temperature superposition (TTS) analysis indicated that while associative ligand exchange may assist in shock attenuation, metal-ligand bond dissociation plays a more dominant role under extreme shock conditions. DFT calculations further demonstrated that coordination geometry significantly influences SWED performance, with Cu<sup>2+</sup> in square planar (trans) coordination exhibiting greater rupture susceptibility. These findings highlight the tunability of metal-ligand interactions as an effective strategy for optimizing energy dissipation in metallosupramolecular polymers. Additionally, they provide a comprehensive SWED mechanism analysis by synergistically integrating a laser-induced shock wave test and DFT calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 108885"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108886
Xinyu Xu , Siqi Xie , Baoying Shi , Di Wu , Yu Lin , Qiaohui Zhi , Yufeng Wang , Haiyan Song
{"title":"Synergistic reinforcement of PVA films with boric acid and nano-silica for high-barrier food packaging","authors":"Xinyu Xu , Siqi Xie , Baoying Shi , Di Wu , Yu Lin , Qiaohui Zhi , Yufeng Wang , Haiyan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing environmental crisis caused by the extensive use of disposable plastics highlights the pressing demand for sustainable options. This research investigates an innovative method for enhancing the traits of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through the addition of boric acid (BA) as a crosslinking agent, along with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane modified nano-silica (NS) to refine the polymer matrix. The research focuses on the PVA/BA/NS composite film, examining its chemical structure, surface morphology, thermal stability, mechanical strength, gas barrier properties, surface wettability and UV-blocking ability. The results demonstrate that the overall performance of the composite film is significantly enhanced through the synergistic effects of boric acid (BA) and NS, achieved via crosslinking, nanofiller reinforcement, and structural optimization. The PVA/BA/NS composite films shown notable improvements in oxygen, water vapor barrier qualities, and mechanical strength. Furthermore, the addition of nano-silica greatly improved the films' surface hydrophobic qualities, improving their suitability for food packaging. Notably, the tensile resistance of the composite film improved by about 60 % relative to the PVA film, exceeding the findings of comparable research. Additionally, oxygen barrier performance improved by approximately 68 %, highlighting a significant enhancement. Furthermore, it was noteworthy that UV-blocking ability of the composite film had also been markedly enhanced. These improvements are essential for developing food packaging materials that offer better protection and longer shelf life for perishable products, while maintaining quality and safety for consumers. The results convincingly indicate that the environmentally friendly composite films created in this research possess considerable promise for use in food packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 108886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108866
L. Ziemer , M.F. Garzke , A. Hand , M.K. Ben-Larbi , E. Stoll , A.P. Tighe
{"title":"Impact of single and combined space environment factors on the performance of elastomer micropatterned dry adhesives","authors":"L. Ziemer , M.F. Garzke , A. Hand , M.K. Ben-Larbi , E. Stoll , A.P. Tighe","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the effects of environmental factors in space on micropatterned dry adhesives (MDA) made from polyurethane (PUR) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), inspired by the adhesion of gecko feet. These adhesives are promising for automated docking and debris capture in low Earth orbit (LEO). The research simulated a one-year exposure to thermal vacuum (TVAC), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and atomic oxygen (ATOX) in a 500<!--> <!-->km, sun-synchronous orbit. Subsequent adhesion tests revealed that PDMS-based samples retain moderate adhesion under UV and TVAC but degrade significantly with ATOX as a result of silicon oxide formation. PUR-based samples lose most of their adhesion after exposure to ATOX and suffer near-total adhesion loss after exposure to UV rays due to photooxidation. Interestingly, PDMS samples subjected first to UV and then to ATOX show improved adhesion, presumably due to ATOX eroding damaged material and exposing pristine PDMS. In addition to yellowing, scanning electron microscopy analysis shows further morphological changes in MDA structure such as roughening and cracking in MDA pillars that contribute to adhesion loss. Larger 400<!--> <!-->µm-microstructures showed better resilience than the finer 50<!--> <!-->µm-microstructures. These findings suggest that PDMS-based MDA with larger structural features may be viable for LEO missions with limited shielding, whereas PUR-based MDA would require robust UV protection. Further direct in-space tests are recommended to assess long-term MDA performance under realistic and simultaneous exposure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108880
Natalie Krug, Chaimae Chettouh, Jan-Christoph Zarges, Hans-Peter Heim
{"title":"Validation of real-time aging simulation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using accelerated aging in accordance with ASTM F1980","authors":"Natalie Krug, Chaimae Chettouh, Jan-Christoph Zarges, Hans-Peter Heim","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To advance the application of bio-based materials in medical technology, further research is required to assess their long-term performance. In common practice, accelerated aging tests based on ASTM F1980 are used in medical contexts to predict material behavior over time. This standard provides calculation guidelines to determine the equivalent storage duration under artificially accelerated aging conditions using a Q<sub>10</sub>-factor. This factor, typically assumed to be 2, represents the increase in reaction rate due to elevated temperatures.</div><div>In this study, a comparison was conducted between accelerated aged samples and their real-time equivalents using various PLA types. The results indicate that the standard assumption of Q<sub>10</sub> = 2 can lead to an overestimation of degradation, resulting in a misrepresentation of real-time aging behavior. This discrepancy is substantiated by experimental data, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical analyses. A key factor contributing to this deviation appears to be the reliance on overly simplistic assumptions regarding degradation kinetics, which fail to account for autocatalytic reactions and the inherently multi-stage nature of the degradation process. In the present study, this observation was further corroborated through the determination of material-specific Q<sub>10</sub>-factors. These factors, found to range between 2.3 and 2.5, exhibited dynamic variations throughout the degradation process, highlighting the need for a refined approach to accelerated aging methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108879
Moloud Nourani , Seid Mahdi Jafari
{"title":"Electrospun fibers/nanofibers loaded with phase change materials: Characterization, applications and challenges","authors":"Moloud Nourani , Seid Mahdi Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy storage (TES) has emerged as a significant area of interest for various applications. The concept of latent heat storage enables the storage of substantial energy amounts during phase changes under nearly isothermal conditions, using phase change materials (PCMs). PCM-based TES systems encounter challenges like leakage, driving the development of electrospun phase change fibers (EPCFs) via the electrospinning process to improve PCM containment. Achieving successful fabrication and optimal performance of EPCFs necessitates a thorough investigation into their morphology, surface characteristics, crystallinity, stability, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and TES capacity. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are employed for detailed surface characterization of EPCFs. Besides surface properties, the thermal characteristics of EPCFs, including thermal stability, cycle durability, and TES efficiency, significantly impact their practical utility in various applications. Experimental methods like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are utilized to analyze their thermal properties. EPCFs have found diverse applications in textiles, thermos-responsive sensors, biomedical systems, and more, showcasing their versatility. Nonetheless, challenges persist in customizing EPCFs for specific applications, addressing PCM leakage, and ensuring optimal performance. This review article extensively explores the characterization methods, applications, and challenges associated with EPCFs in TES systems, offering insights into future research directions and strategies for overcoming existing challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 108879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108876
Azhagarsamy Sekar , Pannirselvam Narayanan
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of isophthalic polyester resin composites reinforced with graphene oxide and nanosilica using RSM and ANN","authors":"Azhagarsamy Sekar , Pannirselvam Narayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the mechanical and thermal characteristics of isophthalic polyester (IP) resin composites reinforced with graphene oxide (GO), nanosilica (NS), and their hybrid combinations. Composites with different filler concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt percentages were assessed by tensile, flexural, impact strength, and flammability tests. Structural properties were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The findings indicate that incorporating GO and NS improves the mechanical properties of IP resin composites, with the hybrid composite at 0.3 wt% attaining peak performance. The hybrid composite at 0.3 wt% demonstrated a 59.47 % enhancement in tensile strength and an 82.16 % augmentation in flexural strength relative to pure IP resin. Moreover, the 0.3 wt% hybrid composites exhibited enhanced fire resistance, signifying a significant decrease in flammability. XRD analysis validated the effective integration of GO and NS into the IP resin matrix. Mechanical properties were predicted using two computational approaches: artificial neural networks (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM model precisely predicted tensile strength (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9736) and flexural strength (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9736). The ANN model demonstrated remarkable accuracy, with correlation coefficients above (R > 0.890) for tensile strength and (R > 0.999) for flexural strength in training, testing, and validation, highlighting its effectiveness in capturing data variability. The comparison of the models found that the ANN model exceeded the RSM in predictive accuracy, as demonstrated by a robust correlation between experimental and anticipated values. The exceptional mechanical properties and fire resistance of hybrid IP resin composites make them suitable for high-performance structural applications in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108865
Caroline F. Uncles , Kevin Hunt , Shirley Fong , James Mainwaring , Jasmine Bone , Andrew Viquerat
{"title":"Glass transition and CTE properties of zirconium tungstate-filled bisphenol-A powder composites","authors":"Caroline F. Uncles , Kevin Hunt , Shirley Fong , James Mainwaring , Jasmine Bone , Andrew Viquerat","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconium tungstate powder was added to three bisphenol-A-based epoxy resins in different loadings up to 1 wt%. Zirconium tungstate (ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) is known to have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and the effect of the added powder on the composite material's CTE and glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) was assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> of all three resins was observed to decrease with increasing ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> loading. However, while the CTE in the sub-<em>T</em><sub>g</sub> temperature range was observed to decrease in all three resins with increasing ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> loading, the CTE at temperatures above <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> was found to increase with increasing ZrW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> loading. It is thought that this behaviour is caused by an increase in free volume within the polymer since the zirconium tungstate is contracting in size with increasing temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108865"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108878
Muhammad Yasir Khalid , J. Jefferson Andrew , Muzafar Hussain , Kamran Ahmed Khan , Rehan Umer
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of graphene films embedded within 3D woven glass fiber reinforced composites for enhanced damage protection","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Khalid , J. Jefferson Andrew , Muzafar Hussain , Kamran Ahmed Khan , Rehan Umer","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs a novel co-curing approach to fabricate 3D glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites with enhanced damage tolerance by incorporating graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) surfacing films. Low-velocity impact (LVI) tests were conducted on four different samples: pristine GFRP and GFRP composites with 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 5 wt% GNP surfacing films co-cured with the laminate during resin infusion. The impact tests were performed at energy levels of 20 J, 30 J, and 50 J using a 6.20 mm diameter impactor. Moreover, a flexure-after-impact (FAI) test was also performed to assess the effects of impact-induced damage on the residual strength of LVI samples. The LVI and FAI results demonstrated that 2 wt % GNP-GFRP composites exhibited slightly better damage performance compared to the pristine GFRP composite. This improvement in LVI and post-FAI performance is attributed to the toughening effect of the 2 wt % GNP surfacing film and the enhanced interfacial adhesion between the co-cured GNP film and the 3D GFRP composite. Additionally, short beam shear testing was conducted to evaluate the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the films with the composites. Notably, the ILSS of the 2 wt% GNP-GFRP composite improved by 10 % compared to the pristine GFRP composite. These findings suggest that incorporating GNP surfacing films is a promising strategy for damage-resistant structures in aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108863
Boyuan Yin, Yu Fang, Xinyue Jiao, Hongxin Sun
{"title":"A novel fatigue life prediction method of carbon black filled rubber based on hysteresis loss of steady state under various load ratios","authors":"Boyuan Yin, Yu Fang, Xinyue Jiao, Hongxin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon black (CB) filled rubber specimens were experimentally investigated to examine the effect of loading conditions on the self-heating and fatigue life. The self-heating was analyzed by implementing dynamic mechanical tests on cylindrical specimen, and the fatigue life was obtained by conducting a force-controlled fatigue test on hourglass specimen. In addition, the surface temperatures of the specimens were recorded with a ThermaCAM SC3000 infrared camera. Furthermore, this study explored the relationship between the hysteresis loss and the steady state temperature, finding that the steady state temperature would rise with the increase of the hysteresis loss. Traditionally, in the process of fatigue life prediction, such factors as maximum principal stress, strain energy density and temperature rise were used as fatigue parameters. In this study, a linear relationship between the hysteresis loss and the steady state temperature was established; then, by substituting the linear relationship into the traditional fatigue life equation, an empirical equation based on the hysteresis loss was derived. The results show that the proposed equation could predict the fatigue life in a satisfactory manner. Moreover, in this study, the cycles needed to reach the steady hysteresis loss state are far less than the fatigue life. Therefore, the proposed method provides a new choice for evaluating the fatigue life in a quick and cheap way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108863"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108877
Soo-Hyun Woo , Min-Gyu Jo , Byeong-Heon Park , Jung-Wook Wee
{"title":"Effect of exposure of phosphate buffered saline solution on creep behavior of polylactic acid: in-situ testing and modeling","authors":"Soo-Hyun Woo , Min-Gyu Jo , Byeong-Heon Park , Jung-Wook Wee","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a custom immersion creep tester was developed to investigate the <em>in-situ</em> creep behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) in contact with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at various temperatures. Hydrolysis in PBS accelerated creep strain and shortened the lifespan compared to air. The elevated temperatures further facilitate molecular mobility and hydrolysis, leading to faster degradation in PBS environments. The failure mechanisms varied depending on the media, with brittle failure predominating in air and surface hydrolysis accelerating the failure in PBS. The Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) effectively predicted the long-term creep behavior of PLA by incorporating the time-temperature-environment correlation and showed high accuracy. These results highlight the important role of environmental factors in determining the structural integrity and mechanical properties of PLA and emphasize the need to carefully consider environmental conditions when designing PLA-based materials for applications such as biomedical implants or packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}