Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Jet forming of Al/PTFE-W/Cu double-layer liner considering reactivity and damage to medium-thick concrete target","authors":"Enling Tang,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Ruizhi Wang,&nbsp;Mengzhou Chang,&nbsp;Yafei Han,&nbsp;Chuang Chen,&nbsp;Kai Guo,&nbsp;Liping He","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because the metal jet with high specific kinetic energy and high-density cannot release energy and damage inside the target, the later fluoropolymer-based reactive material jet can release energy and deflagration in the penetrating hole, but its mechanical properties are not as good as that of the high-density insensitive metal liner, hence it does not have strong penetration ability. Therefore, in order to seek the liner structure with the respective advantages of metal and reactive material, it has become a new direction to improve the damage ability of warhead. In this paper, the jet forming of Al/PTFE-W/Cu double-layer liner and the damage characteristics of concrete medium-thick target are studied by numerical simulation, combined with ignition growth model and Arrhenius reaction model. The results show that Al/PTFE reactive material adheres to the slug of W/Cu jet and advances together, which effectively combines the characteristics of strong penetration of metal jet and after effect deflagration of reactive material. The penetration of metal jets and the deflagration of reactive materials lead to concrete center cracking and crack propagation. Part of the reactive material and 6 cm concrete particles on the surface of the target will be thrown out of the target with the airflow of the reaction product, and concrete particles with diameters of 9–12 cm will be compacted to both sides of the hole. The reaction of the reactive material increases under the detonation of the explosive, and it collides with the surrounding concrete when entering the intrusion hole. The secondary reaction promotes the increase of the reaction degree, which leads to the cracking and crack propagation of the concrete target center. Some reactive materials are used for opening and releasing energy near the opening. Only a small amount of active materials reach the bottom of the hole, which is difficult to effectively damage the deep structure of the concrete. Therefore, effectively adjusting the reaction threshold of the reactive material plays a vital role in the damage performance of the Al/PTFE-W/Cu jet, which will also lay a foundation for the damage characteristics of the strong penetration-energy release initiation of the energetic double-layer liner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling endotoxin contamination in PDMS-based microfluidic systems for organ-on-chip technologies","authors":"V. Guarino ,&nbsp;E. Perrone ,&nbsp;A. Zizzari ,&nbsp;M. Bianco ,&nbsp;G. Giancane ,&nbsp;R. Rella ,&nbsp;M.G. Manera ,&nbsp;V. Arima","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, organ-on-chip (OoC) systems have gained significant attention as advanced platforms for replicating the physiological microenvironments of various organs. These microfluidic devices allow <em>in vitro</em> cell cultures at the microscale, integrating biophysical and biochemical cues that traditional cell culture models cannot reproduce. A critical aspect of their functionality is sterilization, which is necessary to eliminate bacterial contamination. However, conventional sterilization methods often fail to remove bacterial endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. These endotoxins are potent pyrogens that can induce fever and profoundly alter cellular behavior, thereby compromising the reliability and accuracy of OoC models. This issue is particularly challenging for OoC systems fabricated with hydrophobic materials like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which readily adsorb endotoxins.</div><div>In this study, we developed an analytical method to quantify endotoxin levels in PDMS-based microfluidic devices using a Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. We tested two groups of devices: those made with PDMS from a batch opened for over a year (“1-year-old PDMS”), and others made with PDMS from a batch opened for just one month (“1-month-old PDMS”). We also compared contamination levels after 1 h and 1 week post-sealing by oxygen plasma treatment. Storage time (period from sealing to testing for endotoxin) displayed critical for contamination level, revealing that oxygen plasma treatment is effective in reducing endotoxin from PDMS surfaces. This result was also confirmed by FTIR analysis.</div><div>Our findings emphasize the critical need for rigorous contamination control in the manufacturing of OoC systems to ensure they are not only sterile but also endotoxin-free. Achieving this dual standard is essential for maintaining the reliability and performance of these innovative platforms in biomedical research and therapeutic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 108795"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in-depth NMR investigation of thermoresponsive unimer micelles loaded with the highly hydrophobic antitumor drug CA-4","authors":"Andrea Cesari ,&nbsp;Elisa Guazzelli ,&nbsp;Ester Scaiella ,&nbsp;Marco Lessi ,&nbsp;Elisa Martinelli ,&nbsp;Fabio Bellina","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unimer micelles, a special class of single chains nanoparticles (SCNPs), are known to form in water solution by the self-folding of amphiphilic random copolymers via hydrophobic intramolecular interactions. The hydrophobic compartments, derived therefrom, can be usefully exploited for the encapsulation of highly water-insoluble drug for their potential use as drug delivery systems (DDSs). Because the knowledge-base of their self-assembling behaviour in water is of primary importance, in this work, a comprehensive NMR investigation is reported on the self-folding of a fluorinated random copolymer (PEGMA₈₃-<em>co</em>-FA₁₇) with the main aim to highlight the potential of this technique as a complementary tool with respect to the conventionally used DLS and more sophisticated analytical techniques, including SAXS and SANS. In particular, new experimental conformational details were described by using ¹H–¹H, ¹H-¹⁹F and ¹⁹F–¹⁹F 2D NOESY maps. Micelle size determination through DOSY and water solubility enhancement of Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a potent highly hydrophobic anticancer drug, were evaluated. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was also quantified. Details on PEGMA₈₃-<em>co</em>-FA₁₇/CA-4 molecular interactions were elucidated, and temperature-responsive properties were observed by recording measurements above and below the cloud point temperature typical of the formulation. The obtained results suggest that NMR spectroscopy represents a faceted and powerful analytical tool for the characterization at a molecular level of unimer micelles as innovative materials for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, as CA-4, potentially applicable as drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal decomposition of virgin and waste polylactic acid with subcritical water under N2 and air atmospheres","authors":"Maja Čolnik ,&nbsp;Mihael Irgolič ,&nbsp;Mojca Škerget","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-based polymers are an important step towards solving environmental problems, but there is a need to consider and develop procedures for dealing with these materials at the end of their life and to ensure that effective disposal methods are available. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA) has replaced many plastics based on non-renewable resources. In this work, subcritical water was used for the chemical decomposition of virgin and waste PLA under different atmospheres. The main degradation product was lactic acid with very high yields. The highest yield of lactic acid was obtained under N₂ atmosphere, where the optimum conditions were 200 °C and 60 min and the yield was 88.96 ± 1.5 % for virgin PLA and 54.58 ± 1.3 % for waste PLA. In an air atmosphere, the maximum yields of lactic acid were obtained at 250 °C and 30 min and were slightly lower than in the N₂ atmosphere, i.e. 87.20 ± 0.9 % for virgin PLA and 49.29 ± 0.6 % for waste PLA. The lower yield of lactic acid from waste PLA is due to the impurities and additives in waste PLA. Other carboxylic acids were also formed in the aqueous phase, while the gas phase mainly contained CO₂, N₂/CO and C₁-C₅ hydrocarbons. The hydrothermal degradation pathway was presented and the electricity costs for lab-scale PLA recycling were estimated. With this sustainable technology, PLA could be successfully recycled down to its monomer, providing a secondary raw material for the re-synthesis of the polymer, closing the loop and reducing the impact on the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of proteins on the structure of crosslinking junctions and mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber","authors":"Masaki Yamano ,&nbsp;Takayuki Saito ,&nbsp;Yoshimasa Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Seiichi Kawahara","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary structure of vulcanized natural rubber was quantitatively analyzed by rubber state NMR spectroscopy to investigate a relationship between structure, strain-induced crystallization and mechanical properties of the rubber. The vulcanized natural rubber was prepared from deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) and natural rubber, which were compounded with sulfur, ZnO, stearic acid, and <em>N</em>-<em>tert</em>-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS), at temperatures of 110, 130, 150, and 170 °C under pressure of 15 MPa for optimal vulcanization time, <em>t</em>₉₀. The vulcanized rubbers were characterized by rubber-state NMR spectroscopy, swelling method, and wide angle X-ray diffraction measurement. Carbon-sulfur bonds of the vulcanized rubbers were quantitatively compared with crosslink density, and abnormal groups such as <em>trans</em>-1,4 isoprene units were analyzed as a side reaction product. Contents of carbon-sulfur bonds and <em>trans</em>-1,4 isoprene units of the vulcanized rubbers increased as the vulcanization temperature rose; that is, a sequence length of <em>cis</em>-1,4 isoprene units was shortened with the temperature. Accordingly, the strain-induced crystallization was suppressed and the mechanical properties were reduced as the vulcanization temperature rose. The strain-induced crystallinity and tensile strength of the vulcanized DPNR were higher than those of the corresponding vulcanized natural rubber while the crosslink density and <em>cis</em>-1,4 isoprene unit content of the vulcanized DPNR were lower.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose-reinforced natural rubber microfibers with low mechanical hysteresis for wireless physiological monitoring","authors":"Epsita Kar ,&nbsp;Arti Singh ,&nbsp;Bokyeoung Kang ,&nbsp;Jinhwan Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unprecedented demand for wearable electronics has stimulated the development of highly elastic strain sensors that monitor human motion. This study presents a highly stretchable, lightweight, and wearable strain sensor composed of natural rubber (NR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF). It addresses the challenge of developing highly sensitive sensors with good linearity and low hysteresis for wireless physiological monitoring. By incorporating CNF as a reinforcing agent along with carbon nanotubes and PEDOT:PSS for conductivity, we have achieved significant improvements in sensor performance. The optimized wearable device exhibited an increase in fracture stress while maintaining high stretchability (over 600 %) with minimal hysteresis loss (approximately 2.7 % at 100 % strain), low response time (approximately 43 ms), and good mechanical durability. Furthermore, an integrated system based on the device was assembled to detect real-time fine wireless physiological signals generated from human motions, including walking, joint movements, and subtle finger bending. The ability of the system to wirelessly transmit data in real time enhances its potential for continuous health monitoring and human-machine interfaces as next-generation smart wearable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of thermal transport across volume-controlled thermal interface materials","authors":"Jungmin Lee ,&nbsp;Woosung Park","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For thermal management, thermal interface materials are essential to reduce parasitic thermal resistance by filling microscopic gaps at interface. While much of previous research has focused on enhancing the thermal conductivity of the materials, the inconsistency in experimental data limits fundamental investigation in the thermal interface materials. In this work, we use a screen printing and pressing method to apply thermal interface material in a consistent manner, enabling fundamental investigation to identify an optimal bond line thickness for thermal interface material. Specifically, we apply two-dimensional array of cylindrical pillars and modulate its diameter and pitch to find an optimal volume experimentally. The thermal resistance is measured using a standard thermal interface test method, and an optimal volume of thermal interface material is experimentally determined. We apply a rheological model for the thermal interface material to estimate the optimal bond line thickness under pressure, and the model prediction agrees with experimental data within ∼89.4 %. This work establishes an experimental methodology for thermal interface material, bridging a gap between its theoretical and practical approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bending behavior of additively manufactured short fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures based on triply periodic minimal surface","authors":"Yaozhong Wu ,&nbsp;Xuepeng Li ,&nbsp;Shaoan Li ,&nbsp;HuaWei Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Weijia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) have gained increasing attention because of their excellent mechanical properties and scalability. The Gyroid TPMS core sandwich (G-TPMS sandwich) structure was designed, and its bending performance and failure behavior were studied through experimental, theoretical, and numerical approaches. The test samples were prepared by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method using the carbon fiber reinforced nylon filament. Theoretical and numerical models were established and verified using experimental results. In addition, the influence of geometrical parameters on the bending performance and failure behavior of the G-TPMS sandwich structures was studied by parametric studies. The results show that the flexural modulus and peak load of the sandwich structures can be enhanced by increasing the relative density of the G-TPMS core and the face sheet thickness. The flexural modulus and the peak load of the G-TPMS sandwich structure with a face sheet thickness of 2.5 mm are 35.46 % and 36 % higher than that of the G-TPMS sandwich structure with a face sheet thickness of 1.5 mm, respectively. The flexural modulus and the peak load of the G-TPMS sandwich structure with a relative density of 0.35 are 37.5 % and 41.02 % higher than that of the G-TPMS sandwich structure with a relative density of 0.25. Meanwhile, the G-TPMS sandwich structures with a lower relative density of the core are prone to shear failure mode. The proposed G-TPMS sandwich has the potential to be applied in lightweight structures for aerospace, automotive, or marine engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isatin-based microporous polymer membranes with tunable building blocks: Understanding structural effects on gas transport properties and plasticization behavior","authors":"Eun Ji An ,&nbsp;Seungbae Jeon ,&nbsp;Guk-Yun Noh ,&nbsp;Jieun Lee ,&nbsp;Yunji Kim ,&nbsp;Hyomin Choi ,&nbsp;Chang Soo Lee ,&nbsp;Sungmin Park ,&nbsp;Won Seok Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we synthesized microporous polymer membranes using electrophilic isatin and nucleophilic aromatic building blocks via super-acid-catalyzed Friedel‒Crafts polycondensation to investigate the influence of polymer chain packing structures on gas transport properties and plasticization characteristics. By tuning the aromatic building blocks without modifying isatin, we controlled key structural parameters, including repeating unit chain length, planar conformation, rotational freedom, and inter-segmental interactions. The thermal and mechanical properties, fractional free volume, and chain packing structures of the synthesized polymers were thoroughly characterized to elucidate the impact of structural variations on gas separation performance. Further, variations in gas separation properties owing to different building blocks were elucidated through structural characterization. Notably, among the synthesized polymer membranes, the one with planar building blocks demonstrated the highest selectivity between H₂ and CO₂, attributed to its reduced symmetry and relatively polar characteristics. Meanwhile, the microporous polymer membrane with restricted rotational freedom exhibited the highest dimensional stability and plasticization resistance, enhancing stability during gas separation. Overall, this study provides fundamental insights into the structure–property relationships of isatin-based microporous polymers, offering guidance for the rational design of polymer materials for efficient and stable gas separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108775"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the time–temperature superposition by comparing neat and glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis","authors":"Daniel Esse ,&nbsp;Benedikt Scheuring ,&nbsp;Frank Henning ,&nbsp;Wilfried V. Liebig","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis is a well-established method to determine the influence of temperature and frequencies on polymers. One challenge inherent to this method is the potential for significant changes in material properties, which can exceed several orders of magnitude and rapidly approach the accuracy or mechanical limits of measurement systems or actuators. In this work, it is shown that a change in the magnitude of the mechanical load within the linear elastic region does not affect the results. Consequently, the test parameters during the DMTA to be adapted to the stiffness of the specimens, allowing materials and volumes closer to the limits of the testing system to be measured. Furthermore, master curves were generated according to the temperature–time superposition for the frequency from the measured sections using a modified method. This was achieved by shifting the loss factor and applying the shift factor to the storage modulus. The tests presented in this work were carried out on continuous fibre-reinforced epoxy resin with a [<span><math><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>45</mn><mo>/</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>45</mn></mrow></math></span>]_2s fibre orientation and the neat matrix material itself, up to temperatures above the glass transition area. Wicket plots indicated thereby that the temperature–time superposition is applicable for both material systems. A comparison of the two material systems showed, that the fibre-reinforced specimen is shifted horizontally to a greater extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 108747"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}