Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Molecular mobility and dielectric properties of dendronized side chain liquid crystalline polyamines with benzoate groups as lateral spacers","authors":"Xavier Montané ,&nbsp;Robert Graf ,&nbsp;Borja Pascual-José ,&nbsp;Roberto Teruel-Juanes ,&nbsp;Jordi Guardià ,&nbsp;Marta Giamberini ,&nbsp;José Antonio Reina ,&nbsp;Amparo Ribes-Greus","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dendronized polymers are suitable candidates for the preparation of biomimetic membranes for ion transport in fuel cells, which is nowadays a sustainable way of producing electrical energy. To prepare materials for these high-technology applications, it is necessary to understand the role of the different parts that make up these supramolecular structures. Another key factor is optimizing the preparation processes to ensure the materials achieve their maximum performance potential. Following these premises, in this work we report on the characterization of side chain liquid crystalline polyamines synthesized by chemical modification of poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethanol] (PAZE) with lateral benzoate groups and the dendron 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate (TAP) by using the following techniques: liquid and solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Dielectric Thermal Analysis (DETA). This in-depth investigation allowed us to understand the effect of parameters that could influence the organization of the different parts of the resulting supramolecular structures and their dynamics: introduction of benzoate lateral spacers, grafting with different amounts of TAP mesogenic group, and the thermal treatment used in the orientation of the polymer chains. NMR investigations confirmed that the melting of both copolyamines took place thanks to the mobility gained by the aliphatic tails of the TAP dendron between 256 and 272 K. Furthermore, the evaluation of variable temperature ¹³C solid-state NMR experiments proved that the clearing transition was related to the aromatic moieties of these polyamines. DETA studies of oriented and non-oriented membranes corroborated that the application of the thermal treatment increased the temperatures of the detected transitions: γ-relaxation, α_Tg and α_Clear. The results obtained demonstrated that the adjustment of the aforementioned parameters is essential for designing membranes intended for ion transport applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture behavior of a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) under airbag deployment conditions evaluated through Reversed Charpy tests","authors":"E.A. Paredes-Mogica ,&nbsp;U. Figueroa-López ,&nbsp;S.B. Mohd Yasin ,&nbsp;A.C. Taylor ,&nbsp;A. Guevara-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the past decades, polymers such as polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride have replaced metals as the main material for automotive instrument panel construction. However, their high sensitivity to temperature and strain rate can result in malfunctioning of airbag systems, so thermoplastic polyolefins (TPOs) have gained popularity for instrument panels as they are less sensitive to temperature. Nonetheless, the relationship between the fracture behavior of TPOs and the typical airbag deployment conditions have not been thoroughly discussed yet. Therefore, this study will investigate the fracture behavior of an automotive TPO material under plane stress conditions via Reversed Charpy tests, emulating the fracture process of the instrument panel tear line at different temperatures and strain rates. Experimental results showed that the yield stress and plastic work dissipation, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, are higher at low temperatures, with a distinguishable transition (drop) around the glass transition temperature of the PP matrix. Additionally, <em>w</em>_<em>p</em> increased at low temperatures when increasing the impact speed suggesting that the deformation process changes from isothermal to adiabatic, increasing the temperature at the crack tip. This was supported with the fracture surface analysis, in which a relaxation zone near the crack tip caused by a temperature increase was observed. Additionally, quasi-static tensile, tear and single-edge notch bending (SENB) tests were performed. Yield stresses obtained with Reversed Charpy were lower than those obtained with tensile tests, due to the higher shear stresses and plastic deformation promoted by plane stress conditions during Reversed Charpy tests, highlighting the importance not only of temperature and strain rate, but also of the geometry of the specimen, when characterizing materials for instrument panel construction. This works shows how the Reversed Charpy test can characterize the fracture of instrument panel materials, leading to cheaper evaluation of new materials and safer airbag deployment in an accident.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric properties and thermal stability of popular 5G polymers at terahertz frequency range","authors":"Yanchun Shen ,&nbsp;Jinlan Wang ,&nbsp;Dongshan Wei ,&nbsp;Jiankui Gao ,&nbsp;Yi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development and application of 5G technology, polymers like PEEK, PEI, PI, PSU, etc., have become hot and gained much attention due to their excellent dielectric properties, good thermal stability and low costs. However, dielectric properties and thermal stability of most of these polymers have still not been reported at the Terahertz (THz) frequency range. In this work, THz spectra of nine popular 5G polymers are measured at the room temperature and the heating temperatures varying from 30 to 300 °C at a wide frequency range up to 7.0 THz. By monitoring the variations of THz absorption coefficient of the polymer with the heating temperature, the deflection temperature of each polymer is determined and is in good agreement with the result from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. By investigating the variations of the real part of the complex dielectric constants with the heating temperature, the temperature coefficients of dielectric constant of these polymers are determined within the range of −300 to −100 ppm/°C, which indicating these polymers have good thermal stability. This work not only provides a spectroscopy and dielectric parameter database of popular 5G polymers at THz frequency range, but also demonstrates a spectroscopy method to evaluate the thermal stability of polymers in a fast and non-destructive way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-polymer composites based on polylactide continuous core-sheath bicomponent fibers","authors":"Boris Marx ,&nbsp;Lars Bostan ,&nbsp;Andrea Miene ,&nbsp;David May","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biopolymers offer a potential solution to the challenges posed by conventional plastics in terms of resource conservation and environmental protection. One area of application is the use of biopolymers in single polymer composite (SPC) materials. This paper describes the formation of a Polylactide (PLA) SPC using continuous bicomponent fibers which allows to realize a high fiber volume content (φ) of 75 %. The sheath of the fiber is made of amorphous PLA, while the core is made of semi-crystalline PLA. After consolidating the continuous bicomponent fiber into SPC, the amorphous PLA provides the matrix while the semi-crystalline PLA serves as reinforcement. The mechanical testing in fiber direction of the PLA-SPC resulted in a tensile strength of 107.5 ± 2.2 MPa and a Young's modulus of 9.7 ± 0.6 GPa. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed two melting points for amorphous PLA (141.1 ± 0.2 °C) and semi-crystalline PLA (178.2 ± 0.9 °C). The SPC developed from PLA continuous bicomponent fibers shows a significantly higher Young's modulus compared to other PLA-SPC that is comparable to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) SPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of flexural behaviour of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and strands","authors":"Fuli Ban ,&nbsp;Thierno Aliou Ka ,&nbsp;Yanze Peng ,&nbsp;Shuai Guan ,&nbsp;Jiahui Sun ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Qin ,&nbsp;Baiyong Fu ,&nbsp;Sarkar Noor-E-Khuda ,&nbsp;T. Tafsirojjaman","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive research has been performed on the tensile properties of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) material used in both standalone and rehabilitation applications. Limited knowledge and design guidelines exist on the flexural behaviour of CFRP cable strands (herein strand) and reinforcing bars. This knowledge gap hinders the widespread use of strands and CFRP bars in prestressed structures and restricts their market share compared to reinforcing steel members. To address this gap, this study investigates the flexural behaviour of CFRP strands and reinforcing bars using a combination of experimental and numerical methods. A standard three-point bending test is employed to measure the flexural strength and ultimate curvature radius of strands and bars. The experimental study included strands of diameters 10.2 mm and 15.2 mm, and CFRP bars of diameters 9 mm, 12 mm, and 14 mm. Finite element analysis has been conducted to further investigate the flexural performance and failure mechanisms of the specimens. The test results indicate that the ultimate bending radius of the strands is approximately one-half of that of the bar, while their ultimate bending strength surpasses the bars by at least 10 %. Optimal lay lengths for the 10.2 mm and 15.2 mm cable strands are proposed based on the simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the effect of long-term water exposure on dielectric materials","authors":"Eugenia L. Stanisauskis Weiss,&nbsp;Emily L. Guzas","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent work studying dielectric materials has produced increases in dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss in dielectric elastomer materials, leading to increased material performance. However, little is known about the aging and breakdown of these materials within a marine environment, which could affect material performance. A basic study of the aging and breakdown of two different state-of-the-art dielectric materials, 3M's Very High Bond (VHB) 4910 and bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), in a marine environment is completed. To begin, accelerated life tests are conducted to obtain artificially aged samples, aged to a maximum duration of 12 months in distilled water. Cyclic and non-cyclic tensile loading testing are used to characterize the material fatigue of the unaged vs aged samples and to determine how the material properties change over time when exposed to a simulated marine environment. For VHB, aging seems to transition the hyperelastic (non-linear) behavior to purely elastic (linear) behavior. As aging level and stretch rate increase, the point of maximum elongation decreases and elastic modulus increases. Similar observations are noted for BOPP, although the effect of its bi-axial orientation must be considered. An increase in stretch rate causes an increase in elastic modulus, and the effect of aging looks to be dependent on orientation where for the orientation normal to the long axis, the elastic modulus increases as aging increases and for the orientation parallel to the long axes, the elastic modulus decreases as aging increases. For BOPP, orientation plays a greater effect on stress and elastic modulus than aging or stretch rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108675"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cordylus cataphractus-scale-inspired composite materials for stab resistance","authors":"Ting Su ,&nbsp;Xuliang Yu ,&nbsp;Haijun He ,&nbsp;Honglian Cong ,&nbsp;Gaoming Jiang ,&nbsp;Huajin Wu ,&nbsp;Kezheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Niu ,&nbsp;Xinji Zhou ,&nbsp;Guangjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by Cordylus cataphractus scales, two types of rectangular scale-like knitted fabrics (RSKF) were developed using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. By constructing a unit geometry model and analyzing the knitting structure of RSKF, a scale-like knitted fabric imitating Cordylus cataphractus (SKFC) with multilayered and interlacing structures was designed. The SKFC can be combined with rigid composites to form a reinforced P-SKFC, exhibiting excellent protective properties (∼2203.98 N) and good flexibility (&lt;250 mN cm). Due to its removable and replaceable hard protective blocks, P-SKFC exhibits good durability. This study offers guidance for the rapid development of P-SKFC and proposes a novel strategy for designing flexible, lightweight stab-resistant fabrics, potentially offering substantial advantages for personal stab-resistance devices in various industrial fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108673"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of cross-linked PEO grafting copolymer for high-performance gel electrolyte","authors":"Shuangshuang Wang,&nbsp;Huizi Zhang,&nbsp;Jilu Ma,&nbsp;Dejia Liu,&nbsp;Tonghui Zhang,&nbsp;Yuchao Li,&nbsp;Guang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is an urgent demand of polyethylene oxide with poor crystallinity, high electrolyte affinity and ionic conductivity in portable electronics usage. In the present work, crosslinked poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) grafting modified PEO has been prepared. Firstly, PGMA with controlled chain length can be highly efficient covalent anchored on PEO main chain with the assistance of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) catalysis combined with activators regenerated by electron transfer ATRP (ARGET-ATRP). Then the grafted PGMA chains undergone crosslinked process in the presence of 4, 4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) to produce crosslinked PEO<em>-g</em>-PGMA (C-PEO-<em>g</em>-PGMA) film. The film could be used in electronic devices, and it exhibit amorphous structure, higher electrolyte wettability and mechanical strength compared to that of pure PEO. Moreover, the performance for electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembled with electrolyte-soaked C-PEO-<em>g</em>-PGMA films were sharply higher than that of EDLC with PEO. The present study provides a novel and highly efficient methodology for the modification of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) through crosslinked grafting side chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on tire tread abrasion performance considering the patten and slippage with verification","authors":"Huaqiao Liu ,&nbsp;Yao Xiao ,&nbsp;Kongshuo Wang ,&nbsp;Yukun Zhou ,&nbsp;Huiguang Bian ,&nbsp;Chuansheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wear, rolling resistance, and wet grip are the most important performance of tires. The wear of tires rubber is influenced by various factors such as formula composition (such as butadiene rubber content), rubber strength, heat generation performance, etc. It is a complex problem involving mechanics and thermodynamics. Unfortunately, commonly used wear testing equipment in the tire industry, such as DIN abrasion, Akron abrasion, and Lambourn abrasion, cannot accurately characterize the wear performance of tires. The ABS control slippage during vehicle acceleration and braking provides sufficient grip in contact with the road surface, which is the most critical cause of tire wear. The wear performance of rubber at different slippage is a key factor affecting tire life. In this study, three compounds were developed, differing significantly in hardness, modulus, and the filling ratio of silica, to be manufactured as tire tread. The slippage was calculated with the results of the tire pattern model and pressure blanket tests. Subsequent wear performance tests were conducted on a fully automated wear testing machine under different slippage. Compared to the DIN and Cut-chip test results, the correlation with the taxi road test outcomes was enhanced when different slip rates were considered. This study introduces a novel method for assessing wear by calculating the tire slippage. By accounting for variables such as tire pattern and rubber rigidity, the slippage under ABS-controlled conditions was determined. Consequently, the wear performance demonstrated a stronger correlation with tire mileage as evidenced by the taxi road tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of research on organic-based phase-change thermal interface materials for thermal management of electric devices: Methods, performance, and applications","authors":"Wondu Lee ,&nbsp;Jooheon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is crucial for the optimal performance and longevity of electronic devices. With continuous advancements in technology and the ongoing miniaturization of electronic components, the requirement for effective heat-dissipation materials has become increasingly imperative. In this regard, organic phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as promising candidates for thermal management applications due to their unique properties. This paper explores the utilization of organic PCM-based heat dissipation materials for electronic devices, aiming to enhance their thermal performance and reliability. Through a comprehensive review of recent research and developments in this field, the paper discusses the fundamental principles underlying the thermal properties of organic PCMs and their suitability for electronic applications. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of organic PCM-based materials into electronic devices, emphasizing the importance of addressing issues such as material compatibility, durability, and scalability. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the utilization of organic PCM-based materials as efficient heat dissipation solutions for electronic devices, contributing to the advancement of thermal management technologies in the electronics industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 108677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}