Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108839
Dalia Kaisarly , Lilli Heusinger , Gisela Dachs , Moataz El Gezawi , Anja Liebermann , Kurt Erdelt , Ludwig Czibere , Falk Schwendicke , Katrin Heck , Miriam Draenert
{"title":"Wear, mechanical and chemical properties of castor oil toothbrush bristles","authors":"Dalia Kaisarly , Lilli Heusinger , Gisela Dachs , Moataz El Gezawi , Anja Liebermann , Kurt Erdelt , Ludwig Czibere , Falk Schwendicke , Katrin Heck , Miriam Draenert","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manual toothbrushes with polyamide bristles are used for daily oral hygiene. Toothbrush bristles made from alternative raw materials like castor oil are increasingly produced but scarcely investigated. Medium hardness toothbrushes with bristles made of castor oil (AlterraBambus (ALT), Alverde (ALV), Dr. BestGreenClean (DRB), HydrophilBambus (HYD), ProkudentRecycling (PRO)) and one control toothbrush (ADAcontrol (ADA)) (n = 8) were investigated for wear, dentin-surface-roughness, elastic modulus and chemical composition. Toothbrushes were subjected to 12.5k, 25k, 37.5k and 50k cycles (toothbrush-simulator) simulating 6 months of toothbrushing. Macroscopic and microscopic (50 × magnification, SEM/micro-CT) images of bristle-ends, surface and overall quality were evaluated before and after mentioned intervals according to DIN_EN_ISO_20126. Data were statistically analyzed (Friedman-Test; ANOVA). No obvious wear was visible in macroscopic images. SEM-images showed acceptable bristle-ends in ADA (100 %) and DRB (100 %), PRO (96 %), ALV (87 %), ALT (82 %) and HYD (73 %), while bristle-surfaces were unacceptable only in HYD at 0 and 12.5k cycles. Overall evaluation was acceptable in ADA and DRB (100 %), PRO (96 %) ALV (84 %), ALT (82 %) and HYD (51 %) with significant difference in ALV and HYD at different intervals. Dentin-surface-roughness ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 μm (HYD-ALT), dentin-abrasion ranged from 60 to 95 μm (ALV-ALT) and elastic modulus ranged from 1.14 to 1.81 GPa (PRO-ALT) at baseline and from 0.61 to 1.11 GPa (PRO-ADA) after 50 k cycles. Bristles had similar elemental compositions: carbon (54.6–62.7 %), nitrogen (19.4–24.3 %) and oxygen (16.0–21.1 %), in agreement with ADA. Bristles of toothbrushes except HYD had acceptable bristle ends and surfaces. Dentin-surface-roughness, mechanical and chemical properties of castor oil bristles were similar to those of conventional polyamide bristles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108838
Amanda Melo , David Esteves , Ignacio Ezpeleta , Cintia Mateo-Mateo , Nelson Durães
{"title":"Enhancing energy harvesting capabilities using lead-free, flexible piezoelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride) tapes","authors":"Amanda Melo , David Esteves , Ignacio Ezpeleta , Cintia Mateo-Mateo , Nelson Durães","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been widely investigated as an energy harvesting material not only for its piezoelectric properties but also for being flexible, lead-free piezoelectric properties, and processing versatility. To enhance its piezoelectric performance, in this study, an additive was blended with PVDF to facilitate the crystalline transformation from α-phase to β-phase. This study explores the influence of two manufacturing processes, extrusion (EX) and compression moulding (CM), and the influence of different stretching and polarisation conditions on the piezoelectric performance of PVDF tapes for their integration into a cantilever beam for energy harvesting applications. The heat stretching process for EX and CM tapes was conducted at distinct temperatures (80° and 120 °C) and stretching speeds (300 and 10 mm/min), leading to different stretch ratios (3.0 and 4.50) that effectively raised the β-phase. Structural changes in the crystalline phases were identified using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Following this, the dipoles were oriented in the direction of an applied electric field (400–500 kV/cm). The piezoelectric performance was characterized by d<sub>33</sub> values, and peak-to-peak voltage, under sinusoidal tensile stress, was obtained using a universal tensile testing machine. A d<sub>33</sub> value of 25–30 pC/N and a peak-to-peak voltage of 27–35 V were obtained. Additionally, the piezoelectric behaviour was observed by arranging the tapes in a cantilever made of fibreglass composite and subjecting it to vibrational excitation at the resonance frequency. Maximum values of output voltage of 12 V for each tape were obtained under cantilever fixture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108838"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative polypropylene-based adsorbent functionalized by oxygen plasma and L-Arginine for efficient removal of emerging contaminants from aqueous media","authors":"Mojtaba Azizi , Mahdi Akhgari , Maryam Esmkhani , Hossein Ghafuri , Shahrzad Javanshir","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of organic pollutants such as dyes and antibiotics in water poses serious health risks. The use of oxygen plasma to functionalize and apply oxygen containing functional groups onto surfaces can convert them to precious and useful adsorbents. In this work, functionalization of the inner layer of the disposable masks was performed via oxygen plasma treatment and the prepared catalyst applied for the removal of methylene blue and metronidazole from aqueous systems. Oxygen plasma treated masks (PTM) were identified via the contact angle measurement and the best sample was further functionalized with aminopropyl trimethoxysilane linked to L-Arginine. The synthesized PTM-APTMS-L-arginine composite was fully analyzed by various characterization techniques including XRD, BET, TGA, and FeSEM. The FTIR and EDS analysis showed that L-arginine is well distributed in a Polypropylene matrix. Moreover, the adsorption model was in good agreement with the Langmuir model with an adsorption capacity of 254 mg/g and 1006 mg/g for MNZ and MB respectively. Kinetics data were described well by pseudo-second-order for both pollutants. The results introduced the synthesized composite as a promising candidate for the water treatment process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108842"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108841
Wang Jiaxiang, Qiang Hongfu, Pei Shudi, Li Shiqi
{"title":"Experimental and simulation study on micro damage of HTPB propellant under multi angle tensile shear loading","authors":"Wang Jiaxiang, Qiang Hongfu, Pei Shudi, Li Shiqi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage evolution of composite solid propellants is influenced by the stress state. In order to investigate the in-situ damage evolution mechanism of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant under tensile shear conditions, computer tomography (CT) technology was used to scan and reconstruct micro samples of HTPB propellant loaded at different angles. The variation of propellant internal damage with loading process and the influence of different representative volume element (RVE) sizes on porosity were analyzed. Subsequently, numerical simulations of relaxation loads were conducted using 12 different finite element models with 4 RVE sizes and 3 mesh sizes. The experimental results show that under tension shear loading conditions, the porosity increases exponentially with the equivalent effect, and the propagation direction of macroscopic cracks formed by the convergence of microcracks tends to be perpendicular to the tensile stress component. When the side length of RVE reaches and exceeds 600 μm, the porosity tends to stabilize. The numerical simulation study of variable angle tension shear loading found that when the RVE size is 800 μm and the grid size is 10 μm, the calculation effect considering calculation accuracy and efficiency is the best. As the loading angle increases, the dewetting stress first decreases and then increases, the dewetting strain shows a linear increasing trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108841"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing of polymeric battery separators using air-coupled, high-frequency and wideband ultrasonic pulses","authors":"Patricia Salso , Vicente Genovés , Beatriz Merillas Valero , Tomas Gómez Álvarez-Arenas","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Separator membranes are one of the components in batteries and, although being a passive component, they may strongly affect both battery performance and security. Hence, effective control of both its main properties and their variability are critical issues for the battery industry. This work proposes testing these membranes by the measurement of the spectra of the ultrasonic transmission coefficient (magnitude and phase) using high-frequency and wideband air-coupled ultrasonic pulses. This non-conventional ultrasonic technique for materials testing offers several advantages: it is completely contactless and non-invasive, it is very fast, and it has the potential to be deployed in the fabrication line to test the 100 % of the production in real time. This work shows that it is possible: a) to propagate high-frequency, wideband air-coupled ultrasonic pulses in the frequency range 0.15–2.4 MHz in battery separators, b) to obtain the transmission coefficient spectra, both magnitude and phase; c) to theoretically model this propagation and the transmission coefficient spectra in thin films and then d) to solve the inverse problem to extract some separator properties of interest. The obtained properties depend on the theoretical model use to describe the propagation. For separators with porosity <60 % and pore size big enough (approximately <1 μm for the separators studied here), effective medium approach can be successfully used, while for the other cases, the porous nature of the separator has to be taken into account and the Biot's theory is used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction of all-polyimide fiber based paper with high breakdown strength and stable properties for advanced insulation","authors":"Xiuzhi Qin, Xiuting Li, Jie Dong, Qingsong Xu, Xin Zhao, Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-polyimide (PI) fiber based composite paper integrate the excellent insulation properties and heat resistance with lightweight and highly designable characteristics, making them ideal for insulation in ultra-high voltage transmission and new power systems. The key to fabricate all PI fiber based composite paper lies in the interface combination inside the composites, which strongly depended on the adhesive components. In this study, PI structures with trifluoromethyl and amide units were synthesized and its precipitated fibers with microfibrillated morphologies were prepared, which could fully utilize the hydrogen bonding and physical bunding to combine with commercial PI chopped fibers, thus enhancing the comprehensive performance of all PI fiber based composite paper. By optimizing the preparation process, the mechanical strength of the obtained PI paper could reach 11 MPa with a breakdown strength of up to 41.7 kV/mm, meeting the requirements of H-level or above insulation paper. Additionally, as-prepared PI paper demonstrated stable dielectric properties and integrated structures under complex working circumstances, such as wide temperature ranges, hydrothermal environments, acidic and oil immersion conditions, providing strong assurance for the safe and stable operation of ultra-high voltage transmission power systems in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 108833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108835
Jia-Xuan He , Zhao-Dong Xu , Zhong-Wei Hu , Teng Ge , Qiang-Qiang Li , Yao-Rong Dong , Gabriele Milani
{"title":"Dynamic mechanical performance of a pre-compressed high damping rubber-based elastomer for vibration damping systems","authors":"Jia-Xuan He , Zhao-Dong Xu , Zhong-Wei Hu , Teng Ge , Qiang-Qiang Li , Yao-Rong Dong , Gabriele Milani","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vibration damping elastomers often operate under preload engineering scenarios, which demand enhanced dynamic performance in coupled service environments. This study investigated the mechanical behavior of a high damping rubber-based elastomer under pre-compression, cyclic loading, and thermal conditions. The elastomer is based on carboxylated nitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR) as the matrix and is modified through nanofiller reinforcement and sacrificial bonds. This modification effectively overcomes the conventional conflict between damping efficient and mechanical strength. The mechanical behaviors of pre-compressed elastomers were comprehensively evaluated using quasi-static compression test, low-to-medium frequency cyclic test, and temperature-controlled cyclic test. These tests were conducted under varying frequencies, pre-compressions, amplitudes, and temperatures, which considered coupled service conditions. Test results demonstrated that pre-compression allowed the operational region of cyclic loading to shift along the hyperelastic stress-strain curve, providing higher stiffness and resistance in service. The high damping rubber-based elastomer significantly improved mechanical properties with increasing frequency from 0.1 Hz to 20.0 Hz. Within general ambient temperatures, low temperatures amplified modulus and energy dissipation. Amplitude-driven softening slightly reduced the equivalent modulus but markedly amplified hysteretic energy dissipation, especially under high pre-compression. The high damping rubber-based elastomer exhibited high damping performance over a wide frequency band (0.1–20.0 Hz) and a wide temperature range (10.0–40.0 °C). Appropriate amplitude and well-designed pre-compression dramatically enhanced energy dissipation with suitable bearing capacity. On a microscopic scale, the synergistic effects of polymer chain mobility, filler-matrix interaction, and hydrogen bond dynamic equilibrium explain the compressive behavior and dynamic energy dissipation mechanisms. These findings established a universal framework for designing the high damping rubber-based elastomer with tailored compressive and damping performance, enabling its application in diverse vibration control scenarios requiring precision and adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108836
Wonki Lim , Justin Jae Young Kim , Raisa Kharbash , Aqil Jamal , Cafer T. Yavuz , Sheng Li
{"title":"Investigation of color formation and H2O2-assisted decolorization in CO2-derived polyhydroxyurethane","authors":"Wonki Lim , Justin Jae Young Kim , Raisa Kharbash , Aqil Jamal , Cafer T. Yavuz , Sheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO<sub>2</sub>-derived polyhydroxyurethane (PHU), synthesized via the aminolysis of cyclic carbonate, faces limitations in replacing conventional polyurethane (PU) for color-sensitive applications due to its yellow color. In this study, we investigate, for the first time, the coloration pathways in PHU and explore the use of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) to eliminate polymer color. Model compounds, resembling a PHU repeating unit, are prepared from CO<sub>2</sub>-derived bis(cyclic carbonate) and monoamines and then thermally aged to trace the color-forming species. Observations of the changes in Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry indicate multi-pathway thermal oxidation to occur at both the nitrogen-vicinal and the oxygen-vicinal methylene carbon adjacent to the urethane linkage. The changes track well with an increase in the model compound's color index as determined from UV–visible spectra, providing an explanation for PHU's susceptibility to coloration. The colored model compound and PHU are then subjected to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment to disrupt the conjugated carbonyl groups and thus reduce the color. Parameters, including H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration, treatment time, and temperature, are examined for a linear PHU system, and a set of optimized treatment conditions are implemented to yield PHU with reduced color and minimal damage to its molecular structure. The decolorization method developed in this study could be extended beyond PHU to treat polymeric materials that suffer from oxidation-induced coloration issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 108836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108832
Cong Zhu , Wenhao Liu , Wu Yang , Teng Wang , Mengjing An , Yunjun Luo
{"title":"Mechanical behavior of HTCE propellant: Dependence on strain rate and temperature","authors":"Cong Zhu , Wenhao Liu , Wu Yang , Teng Wang , Mengjing An , Yunjun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-solid-content polymer composites such as solid propellants are widely used in different fields. Although the proportion of polymer components in the material is relatively low, the mechanical influence of polymers on composite materials is crucial. The mechanical response of the materials is highly rate and temperature dependent. This study aims to investigate the effects of strain rate and temperature on the uniaxial tensile properties of HTCE propellant. To this end, an HTCE propellant with a specific composition was prepared, and its tensile behaviour and cyclic softening characteristics were examined under strain rates ranging from 0.00104 s<sup>−1</sup> to 0.10417 s<sup>−1</sup>. The results demonstrate that HTCE propellant exhibits a highly nonlinear stress-strain relationship and high dewetting performance. With increasing strain rate, the ultimate tensile stress, strain, failure strain and stress all show varying degrees of enhancement. Also, they exhibit a positively correlated exponential function relationship with engineering strain. Furthermore, uniaxial tensile tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 233.15 K to 343.15 K reveal that the mechanical properties of HTCE propellant are significantly improved at lower temperatures. At last, a computational constitutive model about CSED(cumulative strain energy density) and <span><math><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow></math></span> is presented in a manner consistent with experiment data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer TestingPub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108827
Ming Xie , Licheng Wang , Hao Li , Liuxiang Zhan , Mingyuan Li , Zhengguo Cai , Junfen Sun , Long Chen
{"title":"Effect of amorphous microphase on structural evolution of polypropylene membrane at hot stretching","authors":"Ming Xie , Licheng Wang , Hao Li , Liuxiang Zhan , Mingyuan Li , Zhengguo Cai , Junfen Sun , Long Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is aimed at researching the effect of amorphous microphase on structural evolution of polypropylene (PP) membrane at hot stretching. Herein, the functioned copolymer PPO(nPe)<sub>0.75</sub>-(Py)<sub>0.25</sub> (PPOR) was synthesized to introduce the amorphous microphase, enriched region formed by physical crosslink, in PP/PPOR membrane by melt-stretching. The aggregated structure evolution led to the structure and performance modification of blending membrane. First, the amorphous microphase resulted in the amorphous thickness of the PP/PPOR film decreasing by 26.7 %. During the hot stretching process, the micropore formation was accompanied by a decrease of crystal length and an increase of amorphous orientation in the PP membrane. However, the presence of amorphous microphase reduced crystal destruction and amorphous orientation in the PP/PPOR membrane, which contributes to a greater region of micropore and a smaller pore size. Eventually, compared with pure PP membrane, the porosity of PP/PPOR membrane increased by 21.7 % at maximum and the lithium-ion conductivity of the PP/PPOR-10 membrane was enhanced by 13.0 %. This work provides a practical way from molecular design to separator design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108827"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}