Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of thermal stability, UV barrier, biodegradability, and moisture resistance of potato starch–agar bioplastics using biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"David Asmat-Campos ,&nbsp;Meliza Lindsay Rojas ,&nbsp;Angel Carreño-Ortega ,&nbsp;Noemi Raquel-Checca","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the influence of biogenically synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) on the structure, properties, and biodegradability of bioplastics made from potato starch and agar. TiO₂ NPs (13.41 ± 1.0 nm, crystalline structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction) were incorporated at 0.674 %, 0.506 %, and 0.434 % concentrations. EDS and X-ray fluorescence confirmed their presence in the bioplastic matrix, while FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed interactions with polymer functional groups. TiO₂ addition reduced transparency from 79.1 % (control) to 46.81 % and improved UV-blocking capacity (68.7 % UV-A, 79.1 % UV-B). Water absorption decreased, indicating lower moisture affinity. Thermally, the 0.506 % NP sample showed superior stability with a decomposition temperature of 318.52 °C. Tensile strength decreased from 7.459 MPa (control) to 4.873 MPa, likely due to NP distribution and agglomeration. Biodegradability tests showed 52–60 % degradation in seawater (15 days) and over 76 % in soil (28 days), with the 0.506 % NP sample reaching the highest degradation (79.7 %). These findings highlight TiO₂ NPs’ potential to enhance thermal stability, UV protection, moisture resistance, and biodegradability in sustainable bioplastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108868"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compressive behavior of partial CFRP-jacketed coal samples: Effects of CFRP layers and strip coverage ratio","authors":"Qingwen Li ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhong ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Xu ,&nbsp;Chuangchuang Pan ,&nbsp;Fanfan Nie ,&nbsp;Hao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined coal samples significantly improve the axial compressive behavior and stability of the internal core coal, demonstrating promising applications for stabilizing abandoned coal pillar in goaf. However, current research has predominantly focused on uniform confinement, with limited attention given to partial confinement. Moreover, the effectiveness of partial strengthening is highly dependent on the number of CFRP layers and the strip coverage ratio of the CFRP jacket. To address this, thirty-nine partial CFRP-jacketed coal samples were designed, and axial compressive behavior tests were conducted on samples with varying CFRP layers. The results revealed that the post-peak stress-strain curves exhibited an extended plateau stage, alongside a notable increase in the ductility coefficient, indicating that partial CFRP confinement effectively enhances the post-peak behavior of coal samples. For a constant number of CFRP layers, the peak strength and its enhancement ratio initially increased, then decreased, and subsequently increased again with the rising strip coverage ratio. The strip coverage ratio was found to have a more significant influence on peak strength than the number of CFRP layers. Furthermore, at a constant number of CFRP layers, the hoop peak strain at different positions within the coal samples increased as the strip coverage ratio rose. A modified strength model for partial CFRP-jacketed coal samples was developed, and its validation through the integral absolute error index demonstrated strong performance and high precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable recycling of PET/cotton mixed waste fabrics: Mechanical decomposition and efficient component separation for reuse","authors":"Wang Hou ,&nbsp;Veronika Tunáková ,&nbsp;Shi Hu ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Jakub Wiener ,&nbsp;Ludmila Fridrichová ,&nbsp;Jana Novotná ,&nbsp;Xiuling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the surge in production of polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester, has resulted in a large amount of waste polyester-based textiles. Traditional incineration and landfilling methods can cause serious harm to the environment, while existing recycling methods have deep-rooted shortcomings, making the disposal of waste polyester an urgent problem to be solved. A new mechanical recycling method for waste polyester-based fabrics is proposed in this article. The effect of cutting mill parameters (number of cutting times, cassette perforation dimension) on the size of particles mechanically decomposed from waste fabric was analyzed. For a description of the particle size, the sieving methodology was chosen. It was found that both selected factors have statistically significant effect on particle size. As the number of cutting times increases, the particle size decreases, and using larger perforation sieve cassette results in larger particle sizes. To separate and recover polyester and other components from mechanically decomposed polyester-based waste fabrics, two methods were proposed and explored. The separation effectivity of different material components was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical decomposition of polyester blend textiles offers a low-pollution and efficient recycling method, making it promising for textile waste management. This approach shows strong potential for industrial scalability, offering a feasible and environmentally friendly solution for large-scale textile waste recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic composite scaffolds containing strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanofibers and collagen as bone substitutes","authors":"Fu-Yin Hsu ,&nbsp;Tzu-Fang Hsu ,&nbsp;Whei-Lin Pan ,&nbsp;Shiao-Wen Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various bone grafting materials have been developed to address bone defects caused by tumor resection and skeletal abnormalities. In this study, an anisotropic composite scaffold incorporating strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) nanofibers and collagen was designed to replicate the anisotropic structure of native bone tissue. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of these composite scaffolds were thoroughly evaluated. First, the aligned SrHA nanofibrous membrane was fabricated using an electrospinning method. Next, multiple SrHA nanofibrous membranes were stacked layer by layer to create a SrHA nanofibrous matrix. A collagen solution was subsequently added to the SrHA nanofibrous matrix, followed by lyophilization to form the composite scaffold. Finally, the composite scaffold was crosslinked using EDC. SEM confirmed the successful fabrication of the composite scaffold, which consisted of aligned SrHA nanofibrous membranes and collagen. Compression testing revealed the Young's modulus of the composite scaffold and demonstrated that the SrHA nanofibers reinforced the scaffold structure, compensating for the weaker mechanical properties of the scaffold itself while highlighting its anisotropic characteristics. The biological evaluation revealed that the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and BSP expression in MG63 osteoblast-like cells cultured on the composite scaffold were significantly greater than those of MG63 cells cultured on the collagen scaffold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced instrumentation of the pendulum-based rebound measurement method for the characterization of the impact dynamics of elastomers","authors":"Carina Emminger ,&nbsp;Umut Cakmak ,&nbsp;Anatolij Nikonov ,&nbsp;Michael Lackner ,&nbsp;Zoltan Major","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pendulum-based rebound resilience measurement is a well-established method for characterizing the energy absorption of elastomers. However, existing standards are limited to elastomers with a hardness range of Shore A30 to A85 and polymeric foams, providing only a single value of rebound resilience without further investigations into material behavior during impact. This study extends the application of this method to a broader hardness range (Shore 00–30 to D50) and enhances the analysis with advanced instrumentation, including a piezoelectric load cell, an angular transducer, and a high-speed camera, which enables capturing the impact duration, impact force, specimen compression, and the determining of elastic energy during the impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108873"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Board level BGA and CSP Underfill – diagnostic methods and the potential of using a tensile test and subsequent optical microscopy","authors":"Zbyněk Plachý ,&nbsp;Anna Pražanová ,&nbsp;Attila Géczy ,&nbsp;Karel Dušek","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the dimensions of Ball Grid Array (BGA) and Chip Scale Package (CSP) components in electronics design and manufacturing presents challenges similar to packages with flip-chips during temperature cycling. Therefore, underfill technology is increasingly used at the board level to enhance the durability of soldered joints in these components and improve the overall reliability of devices. However, a key issue with underfill is the limited quality control options and diagnostic methods available to assess its impact on specific assemblies. This work highlights the application of different diagnostic methods already established in other fields of electrical engineering, emphasizing the advantages of tensile testing combined with three-dimensional optical microscopy. The work results show that although underfill generally enhances the mechanical properties of the assembly, its effects vary significantly between components, so each component needs individual examination. Furthermore, Kernel Density Estimation analysis revealed significant differences in solder joint distribution layout between the components, correlating with their observed mechanical responses. Mechanical stress, Young modulus and toughness were investigated, while the latter appears to be the most suitable for comparing the influence of underfill on assemblies and individual components. The underfilled CSP component showed a 34 % increase in toughness compared to the non-underfilled, while the BGA component showed an increase of 94 %. The CSP component demonstrated a noticeable trend: toughness increased by 20 % from 0 to 2000 temperature cycles but then experienced a decline of 24 % at 3000 temperature cycles. This trend is not apparent for the BGA component. The combination of tensile testing with optical microscopy proves to be an effective method for evaluating the effect of underfill, detecting the weakest parts of the assembly and possibly optimizing its use for various types of BGA and CSP components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108872"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperelastic and viscoelastic properties of recycled rubber material – experimental and fem characterization study","authors":"Juan S. Rodriguez-Piedrahita ,&nbsp;Liseth A. Muñoz-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Ingrid E. Madera-Sierra ,&nbsp;Diego D. Pérez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Orlando Cundumí-Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic hazards pose a significant threat to structures worldwide, with conventional rubber base isolators being cost-prohibitive for developing countries. This study investigates recycled rubber (RR) simulations as an alternative approach for seismic isolator testing and performance prediction, aiming to reduce the need for extensive experimental testing through numerical modeling. The methodology involved characterizing an RR mix through multiple deformation modes (uniaxial compression and tension, simple shear, creep, and relaxation). Using an iterative error reduction method that considered all modes simultaneously, the Bergström-Boyce model achieved an average R² value of 0.92 for the RR matrix alone. The calibration process was then extended to an RR-textile reinforcement prototype using distinct coefficients for different deformation intervals. The model achieved average errors of −10.5 % in vertical stiffness, 5.2 % in horizontal stiffness, and 8.0 % in damping ratio when compared to experimental data, demonstrating its potential for predicting isolator behavior. This research contributes to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals by examining sustainable and resilient infrastructure solutions through the use of recycled materials in earthquake-resistant structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and experimental verification of tribological performance of 3D-printed PEEK composite sliding layers with target fiber orientation designs","authors":"Yao Xu ,&nbsp;Chi Hua ,&nbsp;Leyu Lin ,&nbsp;Alois K. Schlarb","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the morphology and tribological properties of 3D-printed composite sliding layers using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Morphology analysis confirms uniform carbon fiber dispersion and strong fiber alignment in the printing direction. Tensile shear strength tests reveal significantly improved adhesion with a Vestamelt Hylink (VH) adhesive layer compared to samples without it. Experimental results of the friction and wear tests reveal that the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (w_s) of the sliding layers show a strong dependence on the fiber orientation. Samples with fibers aligned parallel (P) to the sliding direction exhibited the lowest COF and wear rate at 400 N m/s, with values of 0.16 and 0.24 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/(Nm), respectively. Similarly, anti-parallel (AP) fiber orientation resulted in a COF of 0.18 and a wear rate of 0.28 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/(Nm). In contrast, samples with fibers oriented normal (N) to the sliding direction showed the highest values, with a COF of 0.32 and a wear rate of 0.99 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/(Nm), where fibers are more likely to break and increase matrix wear. A predictive model accurately estimates COF and w_s based on fiber alignment and F_N·v-products, validated through experimental results. These findings highlight the critical role of fiber orientation in designing fiber-reinforced components for optimizing the tribological properties of polymer composites/steel sliding systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the constitutive relationship between energy damage and CFRP layers in axially compressed small coal cylinders: Experiment and simulation","authors":"Qingwen Li,&nbsp;Chuangchuang Pan,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhong,&nbsp;Wenxia Li,&nbsp;Mengjiao Xu,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of CFRP layer count on the mechanical properties and energy evolution of axially compressed small coal cylinders using uniaxial compression tests and FDM-DEM coupled simulations. The experimental and simulation results exhibit excellent agreement, with the error range is controlled within 10 %. This consistency effectively validates the reliability of the research methodology employed. Results show that both unconfined and CFRP-confined small coal cylinders exhibit four stress-strain stages: compaction, elasticity, yielding, and post-peak. CFRP confinement significantly enhances the ductility, with peak stress, peak strain, and elastic modulus increasing by approximately 200 %, 250 %, and 100 %, respectively. Numerical simulations reveal that increasing CFRP layers raises peak stress by 548 % and peak strain by 733 %, with energy absorption efficiency improving by up to 1051 %. However, elastic modulus does not increase monotonically, suggesting a trade-off between strength and stiffness in design. Additionally, CFRP confinement alters the failure mechanism from shear-tensile combined failure to shear failure, with crack distribution becoming more concentrated. Energy and acoustic emission analysis show that CFRP layers enhance energy dissipation, delay crack propagation, and improve residual bearing capacity. Based on these findings, an energy dissipation damage ontology model for small coal cylinders confined by CFRP layers is proposed, providing a useful tool for both theoretical research and engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of low-frequency fatigue behavior of polyurethane elastomers under localized compressive loading using shear creep behavior","authors":"Doyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Gayoung Kim ,&nbsp;Jinhyeok Jang ,&nbsp;Jae-Hyuk Choi ,&nbsp;Munkyu Lee ,&nbsp;Woong-Ryeol Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethane elastomers are widely utilized in various industrial applications due to their exceptional flexibility, energy absorption, and long-term pressure resistance. However, their mechanical stability under extremely low-frequency cyclic loading remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of fatigue and creep behavior. This study investigates the failure mechanisms of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and cross-linked TPU under long-term localized compressive stress under extremely low-frequency cyclic loading, simulating real-world conditions in the automotive sector. The experimental approach includes dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile, compression, shear, fatigue, and creep tests, complemented by finite element simulations using a visco-hyperelastic model. Our findings indicate that shear stress plays a more significant role in TPU failure compared to compressive stress, with fatigue behavior under extremely low-frequency conditions exhibiting characteristics similar to creep deformation. The time-temperature superposition method was employed to accelerate testing, validating predictive models for long-term elastomer durability. Furthermore, the introduction of SiO₂-reinforced TPU nanocomposites demonstrated enhanced shear creep resistance, effectively extending failure time under equivalent stress conditions. These results provide valuable insights for improving the design and reliability of polyurethane elastomers in applications requiring prolonged mechanical stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}