Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Effect of blend ratios and printing parameters on PLA/TPU shape memory polymer performance","authors":"Muhammad Nafiz Hamidi ,&nbsp;Jamaluddin Abdullah ,&nbsp;Abdus Samad Mahmud ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Namazi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement in soft robotics and intelligent systems has triggered interest in PLA/TPU shape memory polymer, due to their promising combined properties and the coupling effects that enable the development of flexible and dynamic robotic systems. Additive manufacturing (AM) printing parameters are known to directly affects shape memory performance of PLA/TPU. The effect of AM printing parameters on shape memory performance, commonly measured from the shape recovery ratio (R_r%) and shape fixity ratio (R_f%), has not be extensively studied and thus, not well understood. This study investigates the combined effects of TPU content and key printing parameters on both shape memory performances. Six blend ratios comprising pure PLA, and PLA/TPU ratio by weight of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 were selected and evaluated. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array experimental design was employed and four printing parameters which are printing speed, raster angle, layer thickness and printing temperature were selected. The results show that increasing TPU content reduces both R_r% and R_f% and pure PLA exhibits the highest value for both cases. Next, among the printing parameters, layer thickness and printing temperature were found to be most and least influential factors for R_r% respectively. In terms of R_f%, the parameters with highest and lowest impact are raster angle and printing speed respectively. However, ANOVA analysis results confirmed that the printing parameters had minimal and statistically insignificant effects on R_f%. Confirmation experiments using optimized parameters revealed that the specimens printed using the generated printing parameters can mainly enhance the R_r% values with the highest increment of 3.975%. This work provides insight and guidance on the influence of AM printing parameters on shape memory performance of PLA/TPU shape memory polymer, which is critical in robotics and intelligent systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 109157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147601972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “An experimental study on the erosion of solid propellant by cavitation water jet in submerged environment” [Polymer Testing 141 (2024) 108650]","authors":"Wenjun Zhou,&nbsp;Bo Liu,&nbsp;Meng Zhao,&nbsp;Xuanjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 109149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147710351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of foaming and thermal properties of gelatin based composite gel foam by blending biopolymers","authors":"Jingbo Ma ,&nbsp;Yinting Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study establishes a synergistic multi-component strategy to engineer fully bio-based, high-performance gelatin composite foams. By strategically integrating l-carrageenan(l-car), pectin, chitosan, sucrose, and microbial transglutaminase (mTG), we achieve tailored control over material properties. The incorporation of sucrose significantly enhanced thermal stability, elevating the melting point from 39.3 °C (pure gelatin) to 41.25 °C. Mechanically, all additives except mTG improved the compressive modulus and strength, with chitosan yielding the highest performance due to polyelectrolyte complex formation. Importantly, a quantitative power-law model reveals that foam expansion is governed by the competition between viscosity and gelation kinetics. These findings provide a versatile design paradigm for fabricating sustainable, tailorable bio-foams, offering a promising alternative to conventional polymer foams in packaging and insulation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic characteristics of compound interface defects of high voltage cable accessory and its correlation with insulation properties","authors":"Yanhui Wei ,&nbsp;Zeyu Wang ,&nbsp;Renyou Li ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Defeng Zang ,&nbsp;Guochang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulation defects in high-voltage cable accessories easily induce partial discharge and even severe faults under sustained electrical stress, threatening cable line safe operation directly. However, existing defect detection methods are difficult to accurately identify early latent defects and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference. This study aims to clarify the influence law of insulation defects on ultrasonic characteristics, reveal the propagation mechanism of ultrasonic waves in insulating materials with defects, and establish a correlation relationship between ultrasonic characteristics and insulation performance. The research takes XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), SIR (silicone rubber), and SEMI (semiconductive material) as objects, artificially prepares single-layer (XLPE, SIR) and double-layer composite (XLPE/SIR, XLPE/SEMI, SIR/SEMI) insulation samples with bubble defects. The experimental results show that samples with bubble defects produce obvious defect echoes, with amplitudes of 10% to 20% of the incident wave, and the ultrasonic amplitude attenuation of XLPE is greater than that of SIR. Defects cause the leakage current of insulating materials to increase by 67.22% to 81.49%, and the breakdown strength to decrease by 11.53% to 30.33%, which is closely related to the accumulation of charges at the defect site. The simulation results reveal that the semi-crystalline structure of XLPE enhances ultrasonic absorption attenuation, and the generation of defect echoes is due to the significant difference in acoustic impedance between the defect and the insulating material. The correlation relationship between ultrasonic characteristics and insulation performance in this study provides a theoretical basis for the early identification and state assessment of insulation defects in cable accessories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration-induced fatigue behavior and damage mechanisms of polypropylene-argan nut shell composites","authors":"Oumaima Belcadi ,&nbsp;Leila Khalij ,&nbsp;Christophe Gautrelet ,&nbsp;Catherine Legrand ,&nbsp;Nicolas Desilles ,&nbsp;Hassan El Minor ,&nbsp;Fatima Ezzahra Arrakhiz","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates vibration-induced fatigue of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with argan nut shell (ANS) particles. Specimens were designed by finite-element modal and harmonic analyses to target resonant frequency while limiting self-heating. Fatigue tests using a vibration shaker setup were used to evaluate fatigue performance based on S-N curves and the Basquin's equation.</div><div>The results showed that the incorporation of ANS particles reduces fatigue resistance at high stress levels but improves it at low stress levels. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the nucleating effect of the particles through an increase in crystallinity, while dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a reduction in damping performance. These combined effects result in a stiffer material with reduced energy dissipation ability.</div><div>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe crack initiation and propagation at the matrix-particle interface, revealing that the main fracture mechanisms were interfacial decohesion, void formation, and micro-shear bands. These findings emphasized the dual role of ANS particles: while they enhance stiffness and fatigue stability at low stress levels, they also make the material more brittle and cause local stress concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed-charged monomer approach to robust protein-resistant polyurethane coatings","authors":"Fatemeh Jafari ,&nbsp;Alireza Mahjub ,&nbsp;Helma Vakili ,&nbsp;Hassan Ghermezcheshme ,&nbsp;Atefeh Zarepour ,&nbsp;Ali Zarrabi ,&nbsp;Atefeh Derakhshani ,&nbsp;Hossein Ghanbari ,&nbsp;Hesam Makki","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Durable protein-resistant materials that perform reliably under physiological conditions are essential for medical and marine applications, where surface interactions with the fouling environment determine functionality. While zwitterionic polymers have shown excellent antifouling properties, their widespread application is limited by high cost, poor mechanical durability, and complex synthesis. In this study, we present a new class of polyurethane (PU) coatings incorporating a mixture of commercially available ionic chain extenders—2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)—as a durable and cost-effective alternative. By introducing equal amounts of positively and negatively charged monomers as separate functional groups, rather than covalently linked zwitterionic units, we demonstrate a simple and effective strategy for designing biocompatible and antifouling coatings. Mixing independent ionic monomers as separate groups (rather than covalently linked zwitterionic units) represents a new design concept that has not been systematically explored for either thermoplastic or thermoset PUs. The resulting uniform distribution of charged groups enables hydration-driven surface rearrangement that minimizes protein adsorption while preserving mechanical integrity. Polyurethanes with 10% charged-group content, optimized in both thermoplastic and thermoset architectures, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, enhanced mechanical performance, and reduced material cost compared to zwitterionic systems. Spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR, NMR) and morphological (AFM) analyses confirm the uniform integration of charged groups, promoting hydration-driven surface rearrangement. Thermoset PUs, in particular, combine high tensile strength (&gt;12 MPa), remarkable flexibility (&gt;900% elongation), and low water uptake (&lt;5 wt%). Both material types exhibit strong biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and excellent protein adsorption resistance (∼95% decrease). This work provides a simple yet effective approach for developing robust, biocompatible materials for protein-resistant coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of mastication-induced molecular weight reduction on the strain-induced crystallization and mechanical properties of natural rubber","authors":"Changjin Yang ,&nbsp;Ruocan Liu ,&nbsp;Yubao Chen ,&nbsp;Xijuan Li ,&nbsp;Shuangquan Liao ,&nbsp;Lingxue Kong ,&nbsp;Zheng Peng ,&nbsp;Jihua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural rubber (NR) owes its exceptional mechanical properties to strain-induced crystallization (SIC), a phenomenon strongly influenced by molecular structure. Mastication, a crucial processing step, reduces raw NR molecular weight via chain scission, yet its effects on SIC and mechanical performance remain incompletely understood. This study systematically investigates how mastication-induced molecular weight reduction modulates SIC and the mechanical properties of NR. We varied mastication degrees (via controlled passes on a two-roll mill) to obtain NR samples with different molecular weights. SIC behavior was characterized using in-situ wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Mechanical properties, including static tensile, hardness, and tear strength, were also evaluated. Results of cure characteristics showed that reducing molecular weight via mastication prolongs scorch time T_S1 and cure time T₉₀ while regulating cure rate index. Results of WAXS showed that reducing molecular weight hinders SIC. Specifically, samples with higher molecular weight (less intensive mastication) exhibited more extensive and rapid SIC under tension, correlating with superior tensile strength, tear resistance, and modulus. In contrast, lower molecular weight (more intensive mastication) improved processability but compromised SIC-driven mechanical performance. This work establishes a clear mechanistic link between mastication-induced molecular weight changes, SIC, and mechanical properties of NR. These findings offer practical guidelines for optimizing mastication processes to balance NR processability and mechanical performance, thereby advancing the design of high-performance NR products for diverse industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of molecular weight on the molecular chain orientation and strain-induced crystallization behaviors of HNBR under uniaxial stretching","authors":"Jiahui Zhang,&nbsp;Minqiao Ren,&nbsp;Yutao Wang,&nbsp;Junpeng Zheng,&nbsp;Shijun Zhang,&nbsp;Longgui Zhang,&nbsp;Juan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strain-induced crystallization (SIC) could be promoted by the presence of physical entanglement network within polymer systems with high regularity in molecular chain structure. However, such effect is not fully investigated within systems with lower chain structural regularity and inferior crystallization ability. In this study, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) samples with varying molecular weights but share a similar acrylonitrile content of <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>37 wt% were used to investigate the influence of molecular weight on stretching orientation and SIC behaviors of HNBR by using polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (polarized FTIR) and two dimensional wide angle X-ray diffraction (2D WAXD) technique. Different chemical units within HNBR chain exhibited similar orientation degrees during stretching, implying a uniform orientation of molecular chains under strain. A positive correlation was obtained between the degree of whole chain orientation and molecular weight of HNBR. HNBR samples with Weight-average Molecular Weight (MW) of 14.6 × <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> g/mol and 32.5 × <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> g/mol could not crystallize under strain. When MW was high enough (52.7 × <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> g/mol), SIC occurred and presenting improved crystallization ability, where the crystal was composed of hydrogenated butadiene–acrylonitrile alternating copolymer segments. Higher degree of molecular chain orientation under strain induced by physical entanglement network of long-chain molecules was thought to account for the enhancement of SIC in HNBR-37.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the local three-phase morphology in laser transmission weld seams of isotactic polypropylene by Raman microscopic line-focus mapping","authors":"Phillipp A.B. Braeuer ,&nbsp;Leo A. Bahr ,&nbsp;Edgar Mayer ,&nbsp;Maximilian Marschall ,&nbsp;Michael Schmidt ,&nbsp;Stefan Will","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The absorption of laser energy during laser transmission welding (LTW) of certain thermoplastics such as isotactic polypropylene (iPP) affects their three-phase morphology (TPM) – comprised of crystalline (CF), mobile amorphous (MAF) and rigid-amorphous phase fractions (RAF) – and thus their mechanical properties, which are relevant for their production, processing and application. Therefore, this study serves to establish a spatially resolved and quantitative diagnostic to generate deeper insights into the cause-and-effect relationships between LTW parameters and the resulting TPM in iPP. Raman spectroscopy is developed as a quantitative TPM measurement technique in iPP. To that end, <em>in situ</em> Raman measurements are performed during the melting and crystallization of iPP. A spectral reconstruction routine is applied to the spectra to create a setup-independent Raman peak model. Furthermore, an improved Raman TPM model is established via model selection leveraging the Bayesian Information Criterion. The developed models are then applied to determine the effect of different LTW line energies on the local TPM in iPP welds using spatially resolved Raman microscopic line-focus mapping. Compared to the laser-unaffected iPP, the weld core shows a decrease in the CF, but an increase in the RAF and MAF contributions. For high line energies this effect is less pronounced as the system is given more time for crystallization after melting. In effect, higher line energies are advantageous to achieve a similar TPM in both the weld core and adjacent non-irradiated iPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109126"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interactive Bayesian optimization framework for intelligent design of HAMA/GelMA hybrid hydrogels","authors":"Bincan Deng ,&nbsp;Fernando López Lasaosa ,&nbsp;Dingding Chen ,&nbsp;Caimiao Zheng ,&nbsp;Yiyan He ,&nbsp;Chen Xuan ,&nbsp;Yuwen Cui ,&nbsp;Manuel Doblaré","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>- Hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA)/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hybrid hydrogels are extensively utilized in biomanufacturing and tissue engineering, where their rheological properties are determinants of bioprintability and functional performance. However, optimizing these behaviors remains challenging due to the complex nonlinearity and high-dimensional design space defined by hydrogel concentration and temperature. Compared with previous machine-learning studies on hydrogel systems that primarily perform forward prediction of rheological or mechanical properties, here we introduce an interactive Bayesian optimization (IBO) framework that integrates Bayesian optimization with both an environment model and a discriminative model to optimize concentration–temperature values to achieve a target viscosity. The multilayer perceptron–based environment model here proposed exhibits high predictive performance (R² ≥ 0.994, RMSE = 4.68), while the support vector machine–based discriminator achieved F1 &gt; 0.95 and AUC &gt;0.998 in distinguishing thermosensitive regions. Through feedback-driven iterations, IBO improved efficiency and robustness in targeting viscosity, with its mean value converging from 66.01 ± 8.76 Pa s to 51.81 ± 4.38 Pa s across three rounds, reaching a qualified rate of 80%. Even under a constrained HAMA content of 0.40% (w/v), IBO generated near-target viscosities (47.64–49.64 Pa s). These results collectively demonstrate that IBO can efficiently navigate complex, nonlinear rheological landscapes and reliably converge toward user-defined performance targets with low experimental data cost, while maintaining robustness under practical formulation constraints, thereby enabling efficient and directed formulation design. Overall, IBO provides an efficient, reliable, and scalable paradigm for viscosity-guided formulation design of HAMA/GelMA hybrid hydrogels, with potential applicability to soft matter and polymer systems. These findings can further assist in developing hydrogel formulations with improved printability and performance in biomanufacturing and related biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 109132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147404613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}