Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Performance evolution and structure–property relationships of poly(aryl ether ketone)s under high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide exposure","authors":"Xinyuan Qiu,&nbsp;Xianjie Zeng,&nbsp;Qing Chen,&nbsp;Xianjun Zhang,&nbsp;Haoran Yin,&nbsp;Zhidong Zeng,&nbsp;Xiao Yang,&nbsp;Xing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) is an emerging working fluid for high-efficiency energy systems, but its high diffusivity and solvent-like character can trigger swelling, plasticization, and property drift in polymer insulation and sealing components. Here, we use the ketone/ether ratio as a molecular-structure variable to clarify why different poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) respond differently to high-temperature S-CO₂ exposure. PEEK, PEK, and PEKK were aged at 10 MPa under two temperatures (150 °C and 200 °C) and two exposure durations (120 h and 480 h), followed by coupled swelling, spectroscopic, thermal, crystalline rearrangement, mechanical, and dielectric characterization. All three PAEKs retained strong dimensional stability, with mass changes below 1.7% and linear dimensional changes below 1.5%. FTIR and TGA/DTG revealed no detectable chemical degradation, indicating that the aging response was governed mainly by physical rearrangement. However, the mechanical outcomes diverged sharply with chain structure. PEEK and PEK showed hardness loss and increased elongation at break under severe exposure, consistent with S-CO₂-assisted free-volume expansion and plasticization. In contrast, ketone-rich PEKK showed the lowest mass change (0.88%) and the highest first-heating crystallinity (39.34%) after 200 °C/480 h aging, while retaining hardness, tensile stability, and dielectric breakdown resistance. Overall, these results support a crystalline-domain-locking interpretation for ketone-rich PAEKs, in which chain rigidity and exposure-induced crystalline consolidation jointly help resist coupled swelling-plasticization damage in high-temperature S-CO₂ systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148657443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance, processable and degradable epoxy vitrimers enabled by TBD catalysis and optimized curing process","authors":"Yuyao Chang,&nbsp;Lu Wang,&nbsp;Yijie Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Gao,&nbsp;Guoli Wang,&nbsp;Qiaogen Zhang,&nbsp;Xinli Jing,&nbsp;Shujuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The epoxy–anhydride vitrimer system catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) offers a sustainable alternative to conventional epoxy resins used in dry-type transformers, substantially reducing environmental pollution and material wastage caused by their non-recyclable nature. However, achieving the desired dynamic reversibility generally requires a high catalyst concentration (∼5 mol%), which severely narrows the casting window for transformer applications and impedes the concurrent attainment of optimal processability, mechanical performance and dynamic reversibility. This study introduced a “low-catalyst and gradient-curing” strategy employing a minimal TBD concentration to widen the vitrimer processing window. Furthermore, the method facilitated a balanced advancement in mechanical robust-ness, thermal stability and electrical reliability through the utilization of numerical simulation–guided optimization of the curing process and kinetic regulation. The epoxy vitrimer with 1.5 wt% TBD retained low viscosity (&lt;10 Pa s) over 4 h at 80 °C, satisfying the processing demands of industrial casting. Simultaneously, this vitrimer prepared under the optimized curing conditions demonstrated a tensile strength of 80.03 MPa and a dielectric breakdown strength of 37.42 kV/mm. It also achieved complete degradation within 2 h at 160 °C in ethanolamine (MEA) with the addition of 10 wt% TBD catalyst. This work establishes a theoretical and practical foundation for advancing the performance and sustainability of epoxy-based insulating materials used in dry-type transformers, promoting the development of low-carbon, environmentally friendly, high-reliability power equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148641698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyridine-containing polymers/graphene oxide composites: synthesis, characterization, and application for the recovery of phenolic compounds","authors":"Naila Mraieh,&nbsp;Ibtissem Jlalia,&nbsp;Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault,&nbsp;Regis Mercier,&nbsp;Steffen Weidner,&nbsp;Agnès Crepet,&nbsp;Catherine Marestin,&nbsp;Saber Chatti,&nbsp;Houyem Abderrazak,&nbsp;Emmanuel Beyou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, novel polymer/graphene oxide (GO) composites were engineered for the adsorption and recovery of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater. A pentafluoropyridine-derived monomer was synthesized and subsequently polymerized via polycondensation to yield pyridine-containing polymers. Composites incorporating 5, 10, and 15 wt% GO were then prepared and evaluated for the adsorption of major phenolic constituents commonly detected in olive mill wastewater, namely hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TR), caffeic acid (CA), and ferulic acid (FA). These compounds are recognized for their remarkable antioxidant activity and their broad potential applications in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food sectors. The materials also demonstrated the capability for the simultaneous co-adsorption of multiple phenolic compounds. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium studies indicated that the process was best described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively, suggesting predominantly monolayer adsorption behavior. Among the synthesized materials, the P-GO10 composite exhibited superior adsorption performance, achieving maximum adsorption capacities of 95.5 mg g⁻¹ for hydroxytyrosol and 81.3 mg g⁻¹ for tyrosol, with adsorption equilibrium attained within approximately 24 h. Desorption was effectively achieved through methanol washing, and the regenerated adsorbent retained approximately 73% of its initial adsorption efficiency after five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating satisfactory stability and reusability. Collectively, these findings underscore the significant potential of P–GO composites as efficient, robust, and reusable adsorbent materials for the recovery and valorization of high-value phenolic compounds from agro-industrial wastewater streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal shock durability of material extrusion-fabricated oyster shell-filled PLA for applications in extreme environments","authors":"Bogyeom Choi,&nbsp;Seungli Bae,&nbsp;Seong Je Park","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Material extrusion (MEX) has attracted increasing attention for additive manufacturing in extreme environments. In this study, the thermal shock durability of MEX-fabricated (MEXed) oyster shell-filled PLA was evaluated after 100 thermal shock cycles between −30 °C and 85 °C. The dimensional changes remained below 4%, although anisotropic deformation dependent on the filament deposition direction was observed. Thermal shock caused only minor reductions in tensile strength (0.8% and 5.7% for the longitudinal and transverse specimens, respectively), whereas the elongation at break decreased by 19.0% and 16.5%, accompanied by the disappearance of the yielding behavior. SEM observations revealed a smoother fracture surface after thermal shock while maintaining nearly identical porosity (∼3.7%). In addition, the melting enthalpy approximately doubled after thermal shock, indicating increased crystallinity, which explains the reduced ductility and more brittle fracture behavior. These findings demonstrate that MEXed oyster shell-filled PLA maintains excellent dimensional stability and tensile strength under repeated thermal shock despite reduced ductility, providing useful insight into the development of sustainable MEX feedstocks for additive manufacturing in extreme thermal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible tactile sensors enabled by biomimetic microstructures: From transduction mechanisms to human-integrated applications","authors":"Chao Wei,&nbsp;Jingyuan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible tactile sensors enable applications requiring intimate mechanical contact with soft tissues or conformable integration on deformable robotic surfaces. Despite extensive exploration of functional materials, performance remains frequently constrained by inefficient stress transfer and unstable interfacial contact within conventional planar architectures. The incorporation of biomimetic microstructures offers a versatile strategy to simultaneously modulate mechanical deformation and electrical signal evolution. Hierarchical geometries inspired by human skin, fibrous tissues, and natural surfaces reshape local strain distribution and interfacial contact dynamics, thereby governing the overall electromechanical transduction efficiency. Rather than relying exclusively on intrinsic material conductivity or dielectric permittivity, structural engineering emerges as a powerful parameter for signal amplification. In this review, we first outline the fundamental working principles and key characteristics of piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric tactile sensors. We then survey representative biomimetic geometric designs and elucidate how their mechanical behavior translates into enhanced electrical performance. Fabrication approaches are critically evaluated with respect to scalability, reproducibility, and compatibility with large-area processing. Finally, we discuss outstanding challenges concerning structural durability, system integration, and long-term environmental reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface physico-chemistry, biocompatibility, and haemocompatibility of SEBS/PP polymer blend for PVC/DEHP-free blood bag application","authors":"Satisvar Sundera Murthe,&nbsp;Srimala Sreekantan,&nbsp;Murugesan Duraisamy,&nbsp;Rabiatul Basria S.M. N. Mydin,&nbsp;Ming Thong Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to PVC/DEHP-free blood bags is imperative due to the health and environmental risks associated with DEHP leaching. This study evaluates the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene/polypropylene (SEBS/PP) polymer blend as a potential alternative to PVC blood bags. Surface physico-chemical analyses using FESEM and AFM revealed that SEBS/PP exhibited higher surface roughness (Ra: 39.98 ± 20.40 nm) compared to PVC-DEHP (Ra: 16.69 ± 3.44 nm), while maintaining chemical and molecular stability during accelerated ageing (40 days), as validated by density and FTIR analysis over accelerated aging (40 days). Cytocompatibility tests showed SEBS/PP maintained cell viability above 100% at 100 mg/mL after 72 h, while PVC-DEHP exhibited reduced viability (77.79%). Biofilm formation was significantly lower for SEBS/PP, with <em>E. coli</em> optical density at 0.119 ± 0.015 on day 7 compared to 0.154 ± 0.029 for PVC-DEHP. Haemocompatibility evaluations demonstrated haemolysis rates for SEBS/PP (0.36 ± 0.40% at 30 min, 0.75 ± 0.46% at 6 h) and PVC-DEHP (0.3 ± 0.08% at 30 min, 0.54 ± 0.45% at 6 h), both within non-haemolytic thresholds. Furthermore, SEBS/PP showed stable pH values in simulated body fluid (7.44–7.45) and negligible mineralisation compared to PVC-DEHP. These findings highlight SEBS/PP as a robust and safer alternative for blood storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rice husk ash type and processing method on the performance of tire tread rubber compounds under partial carbon black replacement","authors":"Larissa da Silva Barboza,&nbsp;Fabrício Luiz Faita","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, rice husk ash (RHA), an agro-industrial residue rich in silica, was investigated as a partial substitute for carbon black in elastomeric compounds for tire tread applications. Three types of RHA, produced by distinct routes (pyrolysis under inert atmosphere, fluidized bed combustion, and subsequent calcination), were incorporated into rubber formulations at 10, 15, and 20 phr using a renewable silane coupling agent. The results demonstrate that the performance of RHA-filled compounds is strongly governed by the ash production route, which controls structural order, residual carbon content, surface chemistry, and particle morphology. While RHA incorporation promotes faster vulcanization, a systematic reduction in apparent crosslink density, stiffness, and resistance to mechanical damage is observed with increasing substitution levels, indicating lower reinforcing efficiency compared to carbon black. This behavior highlights that accelerated curing kinetics do not necessarily translate into a more effective filler–rubber network. At low substitution levels (10 phr), the compounds maintain tensile properties comparable to the reference formulation and exhibit slight modifications in viscoelastic response, suggesting changes in viscoelastic indicators commonly associated with wet grip and rolling resistance without significant changes in glass transition temperature. Although no improvement in conventional reinforcing properties is achieved, the present findings indicate that RHA can be effectively used as a partial filler in tire tread compounds at low loadings, maintaining acceptable performance while contributing to the reduction of petrochemical-derived carbon black.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of extender oil composition on the structure and properties of star-shaped SEBS/PP thermoplastic elastomer blends","authors":"Yujin Zhong,&nbsp;Wan Zheng,&nbsp;Mingyu Xu,&nbsp;Haoliang Pu,&nbsp;Jianxun Wu,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Zhen Jiao,&nbsp;Xinping Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Star-shaped polystyrene-<em>b</em>-poly(ethylene-<em>co</em>-butylene)-<em>b</em>-polystyrene (SEBS) elastomers are advanced thermoplastic elastomers that have attracted increasing attention for engineering applications due to their superior compression resistance, wear resistance, and oil retention compared with linear architectures. In this work, the effects of extender oil composition on the microphase structural evolution and macroscopic performance of star-shaped SEBS elastomers were investigated. A series of paraffin/naphthenic oil mixtures were used to regulate processing behavior and interfacial interactions. Increasing naphthenic oil content leads to a redistribution of oil within the multiphase system, with preferential accumulation at the poly(ethylene-<em>co</em>-butylene)/polystyrene (EB/PS) interphase and selective modification of the PS-rich domains. This results in progressive expansion of the microphase structure, as evidenced by increased SAXS <em>d</em>-spacing and reduced scattering contrast between phases. The variation in phase structure strongly influences macroscopic properties, leading to an optimized balance of mechanical strength, thermal stability, and oil migration resistance at an intermediate oil composition (tensile strength up to 11.62 MPa). The results demonstrate that extender oil composition plays a key role in regulating the structure–property relationship in star-shaped SEBS-based thermoplastic elastomers. This work provides practical guidance for performance optimization of oil-extended SEBS/polypropylene (PP) systems through compositional control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-modified natural rubber composites with enhanced thermal and antimicrobial properties","authors":"Gunasunderi Raju,&nbsp;Irsalina Iffah Rasyiqah Roslan,&nbsp;Nur Allia Fauzuna Zulkifli,&nbsp;Amira Suriaty Yaakop,&nbsp;Thiruventhan Karunakaran,&nbsp;Shanmugan Subramani,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalid,&nbsp;Anisa Fatma Aulia","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural rubber latex (NRL) is a biopolymer produced naturally and is known to be elastic and firm. However, its use can be limited due to its low resistance to heat and lack of antimicrobial properties. This study investigates curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, as a multifunctional biofiller for enhancing the thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial performance of NRL composites. Curcumin was incorporated at loadings ranging from 0.00 to 1.00 phr, and the resulting composites were characterized using spectroscopic, thermal, mechanical, and morphological analyses. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of curcumin into the rubber matrix without phase separation. The addition of curcumin improved thermal stability, with the highest degradation onset temperature reaching 349.04 °C, and enhanced thermal conductivity to a maximum of 0.1974 W/mK. Moderate curcumin loading also improved tensile strength, achieving 23.61 MPa at 0.75 phr. Morphological observations revealed a more homogeneous structure at lower filler contents, whereas higher loadings promoted porosity and filler aggregation. Furthermore, the curcumin-filled composites exhibited effective antibacterial activity against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, with the best performance observed at 0.75 phr. Overall, curcumin demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable multifunctional additive for developing NRL composites with improved thermal performance, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 109299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of blend ratios and printing parameters on PLA/TPU shape memory polymer performance","authors":"Muhammad Nafiz Hamidi ,&nbsp;Jamaluddin Abdullah ,&nbsp;Abdus Samad Mahmud ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Namazi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement in soft robotics and intelligent systems has triggered interest in PLA/TPU shape memory polymer, due to their promising combined properties and the coupling effects that enable the development of flexible and dynamic robotic systems. Additive manufacturing (AM) printing parameters are known to directly affects shape memory performance of PLA/TPU. The effect of AM printing parameters on shape memory performance, commonly measured from the shape recovery ratio (R_r%) and shape fixity ratio (R_f%), has not be extensively studied and thus, not well understood. This study investigates the combined effects of TPU content and key printing parameters on both shape memory performances. Six blend ratios comprising pure PLA, and PLA/TPU ratio by weight of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 were selected and evaluated. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array experimental design was employed and four printing parameters which are printing speed, raster angle, layer thickness and printing temperature were selected. The results show that increasing TPU content reduces both R_r% and R_f% and pure PLA exhibits the highest value for both cases. Next, among the printing parameters, layer thickness and printing temperature were found to be most and least influential factors for R_r% respectively. In terms of R_f%, the parameters with highest and lowest impact are raster angle and printing speed respectively. However, ANOVA analysis results confirmed that the printing parameters had minimal and statistically insignificant effects on R_f%. Confirmation experiments using optimized parameters revealed that the specimens printed using the generated printing parameters can mainly enhance the R_r% values with the highest increment of 3.975%. This work provides insight and guidance on the influence of AM printing parameters on shape memory performance of PLA/TPU shape memory polymer, which is critical in robotics and intelligent systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 109157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147601972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}