Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the process on water permeability of semi-crystalline PLA nanocomposites: solvent casting versus annealing of melt-blended films","authors":"Aurore Jullin ,&nbsp;Gabriel André ,&nbsp;Fabrice Gouanvé ,&nbsp;Guillaume Sudre ,&nbsp;Matthieu Zinet ,&nbsp;Nicolas Hascoët ,&nbsp;Francisco Chinesta ,&nbsp;Eliane Espuche","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-crystalline PLA nanocomposites containing fillers of different types have been prepared by melt blending followed by annealing treatment or by solvent casting. Annealed melt blended samples exhibit higher crystallinity (around 47 %) than solvent cast films (around 36 %) independently of the filler type. The glass transition temperature remains similar (around 56 °C) for all investigated films. The filler dispersion, investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy, has been found to be better with the melt-mixing/annealing process than with the solvent casting process. The water vapor permeability of nanocomposites prepared by solvent casting shows a decrease of the permeability with the addition of fillers whereas it is not the case for annealed nanocomposites for which the permeability is often higher than the one of the annealed unfilled PLA. The permeability cannot be only related to the filler dispersion state but results also from the filler/matrix interfacial properties that depend on the filler type with respect to the matrix, but also on the process used to obtain semi-crystalline nanocomposites. It has been shown that, for silica, halloysite nanotubes and graphene, the melt blending/annealing process has a detrimental impact on the filler/matrix interfacial properties and the water barrier properties which is not the case for montmorillonite for which a 60 % decrease in permeability is reached when using 10 vol% of fillers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of force sensor mounted in tire tread block under rolling contact condition","authors":"Koga Ishido ,&nbsp;Masami Matsubara ,&nbsp;Takayuki Toyoshima ,&nbsp;Tomonori Sakai ,&nbsp;Akira Shibuya ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tachiya ,&nbsp;Masahiro Higuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a sensor calibration method for accurately measuring the three-axis contact forces of a single tread block using sensor-equipped tires. Two calibration methods were examined: a static method based on forces generated by applying three-axis displacements, and a dynamic method using rolling contact. Significant errors were observed in the static method when road surface sensors were used as reference values during tire rotation. In contrast, the dynamic method showed minimal speed dependency but was influenced by the slip angle and inflation pressure. It was confirmed that the accurate reproduction of three-axis contact forces from tire sensors is possible if calibration coefficients corresponding to the slip angle and inflation pressure are available. Several methods have been proposed previously to measure the contact force of the entire tire by attaching sensors inside the tire; however, the method proposed in this study can measure the triaxial load acting on a single tread block, which is particularly useful for designing the tread pattern in the contact patch and is unique from previous studies. Considering the conditions commonly used in general tire tests, it will be necessary in the future to establish calibration coefficients that consider the slip angle, tire inflation pressure, and speed; in addition, the validity of linear interpolation should be examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon/epoxy composites reinforced with graphite sheets and stitched pitch-based carbon fibers","authors":"Yeong-Deok Noh ,&nbsp;Young-Woo Nam ,&nbsp;Byeong-Su Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low thermal conductivity of polymer matrices limits the applicability of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) in thermal management systems. To improve heat transfer characteristics while maintaining the excellent mechanical properties of CFRPs, we proposed a fabrication method for high-thermal-conductivity composites by stacking graphite sheets (GS) and stitching pitch-based carbon fibers into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon/epoxy composites. Thermal conductivity was determined by measuring specific heat, density, and thermal diffusivity, and the through-thickness reinforcement was evaluated using double-cantilever beam (DCB) tests. Results showed that the proposed fabrication approach significantly improved both in-plane and through-thickness thermal conductivity compared to untreated PAN-based composites. Specifically, the in-plane thermal conductivity increased from 2.09 W/m·K (pristine) to 54.91 W/m·K after GS insertion, representing an improvement of approximately 2527 %. The through-thickness thermal conductivity was enhanced from 0.59 W/m·K (pristine) to 46.38 W/m K by pitch-based carbon fiber stitching, corresponding to an increase of approximately 7761 %. Dynamic heat transfer analysis using a heat element and thermocouples clarified the formation of efficient heat conduction pathways by the combined use of GS and stitching fibers, enabling effective heat dissipation in both directions. Additionally, DCB Mode I testing showed that GS insertion significantly reduced the failure load from 66.7 N to approximately 7.8 N (an 88.3 % decrease). However, the introduction of pitch-based carbon fiber stitching effectively restored the mechanical properties, increasing the failure load to 75.5 N, an improvement of 867.9 % compared to GS specimens. These improvements are attributed to the formation of continuous lateral heat transfer pathways by GS insertion, which enhances in-plane conductivity, and the establishment of aligned vertical thermal paths by pitch-based carbon fiber stitching, which enhances through-thickness conductivity. Furthermore, while GS insertion reduces interlaminar mechanical strength due to poor resin bonding, pitch-based carbon fiber stitching compensates for this by providing mechanical reinforcement across the laminate. Thus, the proposed method effectively enhances the thermal performance of conventional PAN-based carbon/epoxy composites without severely compromising mechanical integrity, demonstrating its promise for advanced thermal management applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization method of basalt fiber dispersion uniformity in rubber composite matrix and its effect on properties","authors":"Donglin Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaoming Li ,&nbsp;Yukun zhou ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Longyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yufei Hong ,&nbsp;Chuansheng Wang ,&nbsp;Huiguang Bian ,&nbsp;Mingchao wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Filler dispersion is one of the key factors affecting the performance of rubber products. At present, the research on the dispersion and distribution detection of fillers in rubber mainly focuses on carbon black and silica materials, while there are relatively few related studies for fiber materials. This paper proposes a method for detecting and characterizing the uniformity of basalt fibers in rubber composites based on machine vision technology, and establishes a mathematical model for uniformity detection and builds an experimental platform, which realizes the characterization of the uniformity of basalt fibers in rubber. Through experiments to verify the feasibility and rationality of the method, the results show that: the uniformity test results in line with the dispersion of fibers in the blending law, and Payne effect and physical and mechanical properties of the results of the trend is consistent, and uniformity test results of the standard deviation of the mean value of about 0.24, the fluctuation of the data basically able to meet the requirements of industrial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108848"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal formulation design of silicate-modified polymer based grouting material for reinforcing silty fine sand stratum","authors":"Jiasen Liang ,&nbsp;Xueming Du ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Kejie Zhai ,&nbsp;Mingming Sun ,&nbsp;Shanyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the material requirements for grouting reinforcement in fine sand strata, a novel silicate-modified polymer two-component grouting material was designed. In this material, the traditional organic polyol component of the two-component polymer was replaced with an inorganic silicate (water glass) component, along with the addition of tertiary amine catalysts, organotin catalysts, water. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically predict the performance of the modified polymer grouting material. The effects of four parameters (two-component mass ratio, tertiary amine catalyst content, organotin catalyst content, and water content) and their interactions on response variables (gelation time, polymer solids strength, cemented body strength) were investigated. Based on a comprehensive consideration of various performance requirements for grouting materials in loose fine sand strata, multi-objective optimization was employed to determine the optimal formulation of the modified polymer grouting material (A/B ratio of 0.85, tertiary amine catalyst at 2.48 %, organotin catalyst at 0.63 %, and water at 1.87 %). A series of experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the material properties of the optimal formulation, and its mechanical performance and microstructural characteristics were compared with those of traditional polymer grouting materials to verify the proposed formation mechanism of the modified polymer. The results demonstrated that the proposed design method effectively determines the optimal grouting material formulation. The optimized modified polymer grouting material exhibited excellent comprehensive performance. Finally, the optimized modified polymer grouting material was applied in a pavement repair project on a section of a highway. After grouting, the structural layer's uniform integrity was significantly restored, the damaged areas were effectively repaired, the modified polymer slurry showed good diffusion, and the repair effect was satisfactory, meeting the engineering requirements for grouting in loose fine sand strata.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing and analysis of footwear insole copolymers by FTIR-ATR, non-sampling Raman probe spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis","authors":"Sayo O. Fakayode ,&nbsp;Peter Rosado Flores ,&nbsp;Brinkley Bolton ,&nbsp;Bailey Dassow ,&nbsp;Kate Moore ,&nbsp;Kayley Owens","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The footwear industry generates hundreds of billions of dollars in revenue each year. However, e-commerce, online retailers' markets, and social media platforms have promoted footwear cross-border counterfeiting along the footwear supply chain with economic implications for shoe producers and marketers, lowering the company's sales and profit margins. This study reports the first combined use of FTIR-ATR, non-sampling Raman probe spectroscopy and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) for copolymer analyses of different classes of footwear. Specifically, one hundred and ninety-nine (199) shoe samples of various brand names—including high-end shoes, low-end shoes, heels, boots, men's dress shoes, flats, and sneakers—were collected via donation or purchasing from local stores and subjected to FTIR and Raman spectra measurement. The FTIR-ATR and Raman spectra of poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) ATEVA copolymers reference standards were collected and utilized to construct calibration curves. ATEVA copolymers reference standards and the insole footwear were further subjected to TGA to evaluate the polymers' thermal decomposition and stability pattern. The figure-of-merit (R² ≥ 0.9542) demonstrates the linearity of the calibration curve. The overall results (15 ± 5.2 %, 23 ± 9.0 %, 21 ± 9.0 %, 25 ± 11 %, 19 ± 8.2 %, and 23 ± 10 %) of % copolymer was determined in the heels, sandals, boots, men's dress shoes, flats, and sneakers respectively. The FTIR and Raman spectra and the determined % copolymers content may provide insight into footwear insole thermal degradation, stability, and insole durability. The thermogram decomposition energy of footwear polymers vary, but footwear insole polymers degrade around 600 °C, and weight loss continues gradually with an increase in temperature. This study finds practical applications by U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers, forensic scientists, law enforcement, and quality control officers for forensic footwear, fabric, and automobile polymer analysis for quality checks for consumer goods standard compliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108847"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light scattering studies on spherulite morphology and crystallization behavior of transparent crystalline cyclo olefin polymer","authors":"Hironari Sudeji ,&nbsp;Kousuke Sugeno ,&nbsp;Hiromu Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the spherulite morphology and crystallization behavior in a novel crystalline cyclo olefin polymer of syndiotactic hydrogenated poly (endo-dicyclopentadiene) (SH-DCP) by light scattering measurements using a short-wavelength laser at 450 nm. A four-leaf clover Hv (cross-polarized) light scattering pattern was observed in the highly transparent crystallized SH-DCP, indicating the formation of spherulite consisting of radially arranged crystals. During the isothermal melt crystallization, a circular Hv scattering pattern changed to yield the four-leaf clover pattern and the spherulite radius estimated from the scattering profiles decreased, suggesting that the structure in the spherulite changed from randomly arranged crystals to radially arranged crystals, and the number of smaller spherulites increased during the crystallization. At the late stage of crystallization, the Vv (parallel-polarized) light scattering intensity decreased and was close to the weak Hv one as the refractive index difference in each spherulite decreased due to the homogenization of the crystal arrangement, which may contribute to the transparency of the crystallized SH-DCP. Light scattering measurement using a short-wavelength laser is powerful for evaluating the spherulite morphology and crystallization behavior of transparent crystalline polymers composed of small spherulites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108845"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing polypropylene quantification in recycled HDPE: A comparative study of FTIR, DSC, TREF, and TGIC for enhanced plastic circularity","authors":"Aymara Blanco ,&nbsp;Rafael Juan ,&nbsp;Beatriz Paredes ,&nbsp;Carlos Domínguez ,&nbsp;Rafael A. García-Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential growth in the production and demand for plastic materials has given rise to significant environmental concerns, highlighting the need for effective recycling strategies to reduce plastic waste and give these materials a new life. Nevertheless, recycling plastic materials present a significant challenge. For instance, even trace amounts of polypropylene (PP) in recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can significantly affect its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. It is therefore imperative to precisely determine the levels of PP contamination, which is the principal objective of this study, to ensure the quality of recycled materials and compliance with regulatory standards in a range of countries. An alternative analytical technique based on a chromatographic method involving the adsorption of the polymer chains in a support, namely Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography (TGIC) is evaluated. To ascertain the efficacy of the proposed method, it has been benchmarked against other established techniques within the recycling industry, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as well as recently published alternative method, Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation (TREF). This study offers an examination of the advantages and challenges associated with each of these techniques, with the objective of facilitating the selection of an optimal PP quantification method in recycled PE that can enhance the sustainability and quality control of recycled materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma-irradiation induced nonconventional fluorescence enhancement in silicone foams","authors":"Zhendong Huang ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Binlian Jiang,&nbsp;Ruiyang Dou,&nbsp;Bowen Dai,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Hongbing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An unexpected fluorescence enhancement phenomenon in silicone foams induced by gamma-irradiation is reported. These materials contain no traditional luminophores. The fluorescence intensity increases with the absorbed dose (within 1000 Gy). Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations suggest that the mechanism is a crosslinking-enabled emission process, which is enhanced by gamma-irradiation. The fluorescence changes are visible and can even applied to distinguish irradiated silicone foam samples with absorbed doses less than 25 Gy, achieving sensitive visualization of gamma-irradiation damage. The potential applications for radiation damage self-reporting and information encryption are demonstrated. The fluorescence intensity shows similar trends with radiolysis gas products (typical aging parameter) in early-stage irradiation, which can represent radiation-induced crosslinking and radiolysis respectively to reveal the changes of materials after low dose irradiation from two aspects. This work could broaden the application of nonconventional fluorescent materials and help understand the effects of low-dose radiation on silicone materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an integrated testing and calibration approach for fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid","authors":"Hao He,&nbsp;Zhi Zhu,&nbsp;Yixia Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongpu Zhang,&nbsp;Tosin Famakinwa,&nbsp;Richard (Chunhui) Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique faces challenges in mitigating defects generated in the printing process for the quality assurance of final products. To address this, accurate defect detection and identification methods are essential to use. In addition to finding ways to improve the quality and performance of FFFprinted parts, a test artefact offers a solution for identifying potential defects effectively, but it was not developed and implemented systematically yet. This study develops an integrated testing and calibration approach for mitigating defects in the FFFprinted polymer products with a new unified test artefact. This new test artefact incorporates all-in-one calibration functions, including defect identification, measurement, evaluation, and compensation. Specifically, a fitting kit is developed as part of the unified test artefact for tolerance measurement purposes with minimal effort to provide prompt feedback. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is employed to accelerate the evaluation process for batch processing data. The devised approach and the test artefact are validated through its practical implementations into FFF of polylactic acid (PLA) and compared to other existing test artefacts in literature. Finally, a detailed defect mitigation process is highlighted via printing a PLA bevel gear set and a universal joint and significant improvements are achieved with successfully mitigating key defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}