Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Gamma-irradiation induced nonconventional fluorescence enhancement in silicone foams","authors":"Zhendong Huang ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Binlian Jiang,&nbsp;Ruiyang Dou,&nbsp;Bowen Dai,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Hongbing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An unexpected fluorescence enhancement phenomenon in silicone foams induced by gamma-irradiation is reported. These materials contain no traditional luminophores. The fluorescence intensity increases with the absorbed dose (within 1000 Gy). Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations suggest that the mechanism is a crosslinking-enabled emission process, which is enhanced by gamma-irradiation. The fluorescence changes are visible and can even applied to distinguish irradiated silicone foam samples with absorbed doses less than 25 Gy, achieving sensitive visualization of gamma-irradiation damage. The potential applications for radiation damage self-reporting and information encryption are demonstrated. The fluorescence intensity shows similar trends with radiolysis gas products (typical aging parameter) in early-stage irradiation, which can represent radiation-induced crosslinking and radiolysis respectively to reveal the changes of materials after low dose irradiation from two aspects. This work could broaden the application of nonconventional fluorescent materials and help understand the effects of low-dose radiation on silicone materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an integrated testing and calibration approach for fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid","authors":"Hao He,&nbsp;Zhi Zhu,&nbsp;Yixia Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongpu Zhang,&nbsp;Tosin Famakinwa,&nbsp;Richard (Chunhui) Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique faces challenges in mitigating defects generated in the printing process for the quality assurance of final products. To address this, accurate defect detection and identification methods are essential to use. In addition to finding ways to improve the quality and performance of FFFprinted parts, a test artefact offers a solution for identifying potential defects effectively, but it was not developed and implemented systematically yet. This study develops an integrated testing and calibration approach for mitigating defects in the FFFprinted polymer products with a new unified test artefact. This new test artefact incorporates all-in-one calibration functions, including defect identification, measurement, evaluation, and compensation. Specifically, a fitting kit is developed as part of the unified test artefact for tolerance measurement purposes with minimal effort to provide prompt feedback. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is employed to accelerate the evaluation process for batch processing data. The devised approach and the test artefact are validated through its practical implementations into FFF of polylactic acid (PLA) and compared to other existing test artefacts in literature. Finally, a detailed defect mitigation process is highlighted via printing a PLA bevel gear set and a universal joint and significant improvements are achieved with successfully mitigating key defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of silane-modified polyampholyte hydrogel coatings for multi-scale antibiofouling","authors":"Guohao Li ,&nbsp;Lingli Shang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Li ,&nbsp;Yiwan Huang ,&nbsp;Shijun Long ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antifouling capabilities of zwitterionic hydrogels have been well established, yet, drawbacks such as single antifouling performance and osmotic pressure-driven swelling in water, which lead to poor mechanical properties and low bonding strength, respectively, remain obstacles to practical applications. In this work, silane-modified polyampholyte (S-PA)-based hydrogel coatings with high adhesive strength and multi-scale antifouling ability were prepared by introducing silane onto the hydrogel surfaces. The resulting S-PA hydrogel coatings exhibited as high as 1980 J m⁻² adhesion, due to the covalent bonding between the vinyl groups in PA and silanols in silane molecules. Furthermore, the S-PA hydrogel coatings demonstrated good protein adsorption resistance (the protein adsorption capacity of bovine serum protein was 5 mg g⁻¹) and bacteriostatic ability, which endows the coating's multi-scale antifouling effect together with its excellent anti-diatom adhesion property (the adhesion area of navicular on S-PA hydrogel was as low as 7.43 mm²). The high adhesive strength and multi-scale antifouling ability of the S-PA hydrogel coatings presented in this work may provide a new route toward marine antifouling strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and simulation of broadband radar absorption properties of polypyrrole nanotubes and their carbonaceous analogues","authors":"Tomáš Zálabský ,&nbsp;Drahomír Čadek ,&nbsp;Fatima Hassouna ,&nbsp;Jiří Tuček ,&nbsp;Tomáš Lapka ,&nbsp;Dušan Kopecký","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of unmanned aerial and ground vehicles (UAVs and UGVs, respectively) requires innovative means for their protection against detection and localization by radar microwave signals. Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) used in functional or structural composites of small, low-speed UAVs and UGVs can employ non-conventional fillers, such as nanostructured conductive polymers or their carbonaceous analogues. However, the work with non-conventional fillers brings difficulties in preparation and manipulation with sufficient amounts on a laboratory scale in a reasonable time and at a reasonable price. Therefore, computer simulation of filler behavior using software tools can be a vital solution to assess their ability to serve as RAMs. Here, polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NT) and carbonized polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-C) were dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane matrix (PDMS) at low concentrations (1–3 % w/w) and their attenuation properties (reflection, absorption, and transmission coefficients), dielectric properties (complex permittivity and loss tangents) and apparent alternating current (AC) conductivity were evaluated between 2.6 GHz and 18 GHz. A 2 mm thin sample of the PPy-NT/PDMS composite at low concentration of 3 % w/w of the filler absorbs 28 % of the radar signal at 3.3 GHz. Using the simulation model made in CST Studio software, the evaluation of radar absorption properties was extended beyond the physical boundaries of the PPy-NT/PDMS sample, and the attenuation properties were evaluated up to a theoretical thickness of 100 mm (absorption of the signal 63 %). The presented method of simulation and the proposed model allows fast and flexible determination of attenuation properties of non-conventional RAMs of various thicknesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear, mechanical and chemical properties of castor oil toothbrush bristles","authors":"Dalia Kaisarly ,&nbsp;Lilli Heusinger ,&nbsp;Gisela Dachs ,&nbsp;Moataz El Gezawi ,&nbsp;Anja Liebermann ,&nbsp;Kurt Erdelt ,&nbsp;Ludwig Czibere ,&nbsp;Falk Schwendicke ,&nbsp;Katrin Heck ,&nbsp;Miriam Draenert","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manual toothbrushes with polyamide bristles are used for daily oral hygiene. Toothbrush bristles made from alternative raw materials like castor oil are increasingly produced but scarcely investigated. Medium hardness toothbrushes with bristles made of castor oil (AlterraBambus (ALT), Alverde (ALV), Dr. BestGreenClean (DRB), HydrophilBambus (HYD), ProkudentRecycling (PRO)) and one control toothbrush (ADAcontrol (ADA)) (n = 8) were investigated for wear, dentin-surface-roughness, elastic modulus and chemical composition. Toothbrushes were subjected to 12.5k, 25k, 37.5k and 50k cycles (toothbrush-simulator) simulating 6 months of toothbrushing. Macroscopic and microscopic (50 × magnification, SEM/micro-CT) images of bristle-ends, surface and overall quality were evaluated before and after mentioned intervals according to DIN_EN_ISO_20126. Data were statistically analyzed (Friedman-Test; ANOVA). No obvious wear was visible in macroscopic images. SEM-images showed acceptable bristle-ends in ADA (100 %) and DRB (100 %), PRO (96 %), ALV (87 %), ALT (82 %) and HYD (73 %), while bristle-surfaces were unacceptable only in HYD at 0 and 12.5k cycles. Overall evaluation was acceptable in ADA and DRB (100 %), PRO (96 %) ALV (84 %), ALT (82 %) and HYD (51 %) with significant difference in ALV and HYD at different intervals. Dentin-surface-roughness ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 μm (HYD-ALT), dentin-abrasion ranged from 60 to 95 μm (ALV-ALT) and elastic modulus ranged from 1.14 to 1.81 GPa (PRO-ALT) at baseline and from 0.61 to 1.11 GPa (PRO-ADA) after 50 k cycles. Bristles had similar elemental compositions: carbon (54.6–62.7 %), nitrogen (19.4–24.3 %) and oxygen (16.0–21.1 %), in agreement with ADA. Bristles of toothbrushes except HYD had acceptable bristle ends and surfaces. Dentin-surface-roughness, mechanical and chemical properties of castor oil bristles were similar to those of conventional polyamide bristles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing energy harvesting capabilities using lead-free, flexible piezoelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride) tapes","authors":"Amanda Melo ,&nbsp;David Esteves ,&nbsp;Ignacio Ezpeleta ,&nbsp;Cintia Mateo-Mateo ,&nbsp;Nelson Durães","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been widely investigated as an energy harvesting material not only for its piezoelectric properties but also for being flexible, lead-free piezoelectric properties, and processing versatility. To enhance its piezoelectric performance, in this study, an additive was blended with PVDF to facilitate the crystalline transformation from α-phase to β-phase. This study explores the influence of two manufacturing processes, extrusion (EX) and compression moulding (CM), and the influence of different stretching and polarisation conditions on the piezoelectric performance of PVDF tapes for their integration into a cantilever beam for energy harvesting applications. The heat stretching process for EX and CM tapes was conducted at distinct temperatures (80° and 120 °C) and stretching speeds (300 and 10 mm/min), leading to different stretch ratios (3.0 and 4.50) that effectively raised the β-phase. Structural changes in the crystalline phases were identified using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Following this, the dipoles were oriented in the direction of an applied electric field (400–500 kV/cm). The piezoelectric performance was characterized by d₃₃ values, and peak-to-peak voltage, under sinusoidal tensile stress, was obtained using a universal tensile testing machine. A d₃₃ value of 25–30 pC/N and a peak-to-peak voltage of 27–35 V were obtained. Additionally, the piezoelectric behaviour was observed by arranging the tapes in a cantilever made of fibreglass composite and subjecting it to vibrational excitation at the resonance frequency. Maximum values of output voltage of 12 V for each tape were obtained under cantilever fixture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108838"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative polypropylene-based adsorbent functionalized by oxygen plasma and L-Arginine for efficient removal of emerging contaminants from aqueous media","authors":"Mojtaba Azizi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Akhgari ,&nbsp;Maryam Esmkhani ,&nbsp;Hossein Ghafuri ,&nbsp;Shahrzad Javanshir","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of organic pollutants such as dyes and antibiotics in water poses serious health risks. The use of oxygen plasma to functionalize and apply oxygen containing functional groups onto surfaces can convert them to precious and useful adsorbents. In this work, functionalization of the inner layer of the disposable masks was performed via oxygen plasma treatment and the prepared catalyst applied for the removal of methylene blue and metronidazole from aqueous systems. Oxygen plasma treated masks (PTM) were identified via the contact angle measurement and the best sample was further functionalized with aminopropyl trimethoxysilane linked to L-Arginine. The synthesized PTM-APTMS-L-arginine composite was fully analyzed by various characterization techniques including XRD, BET, TGA, and FeSEM. The FTIR and EDS analysis showed that L-arginine is well distributed in a Polypropylene matrix. Moreover, the adsorption model was in good agreement with the Langmuir model with an adsorption capacity of 254 mg/g and 1006 mg/g for MNZ and MB respectively. Kinetics data were described well by pseudo-second-order for both pollutants. The results introduced the synthesized composite as a promising candidate for the water treatment process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108842"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and simulation study on micro damage of HTPB propellant under multi angle tensile shear loading","authors":"Wang Jiaxiang,&nbsp;Qiang Hongfu,&nbsp;Pei Shudi,&nbsp;Li Shiqi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage evolution of composite solid propellants is influenced by the stress state. In order to investigate the in-situ damage evolution mechanism of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant under tensile shear conditions, computer tomography (CT) technology was used to scan and reconstruct micro samples of HTPB propellant loaded at different angles. The variation of propellant internal damage with loading process and the influence of different representative volume element (RVE) sizes on porosity were analyzed. Subsequently, numerical simulations of relaxation loads were conducted using 12 different finite element models with 4 RVE sizes and 3 mesh sizes. The experimental results show that under tension shear loading conditions, the porosity increases exponentially with the equivalent effect, and the propagation direction of macroscopic cracks formed by the convergence of microcracks tends to be perpendicular to the tensile stress component. When the side length of RVE reaches and exceeds 600 μm, the porosity tends to stabilize. The numerical simulation study of variable angle tension shear loading found that when the RVE size is 800 μm and the grid size is 10 μm, the calculation effect considering calculation accuracy and efficiency is the best. As the loading angle increases, the dewetting stress first decreases and then increases, the dewetting strain shows a linear increasing trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108841"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing of polymeric battery separators using air-coupled, high-frequency and wideband ultrasonic pulses","authors":"Patricia Salso ,&nbsp;Vicente Genovés ,&nbsp;Beatriz Merillas Valero ,&nbsp;Tomas Gómez Álvarez-Arenas","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Separator membranes are one of the components in batteries and, although being a passive component, they may strongly affect both battery performance and security. Hence, effective control of both its main properties and their variability are critical issues for the battery industry. This work proposes testing these membranes by the measurement of the spectra of the ultrasonic transmission coefficient (magnitude and phase) using high-frequency and wideband air-coupled ultrasonic pulses. This non-conventional ultrasonic technique for materials testing offers several advantages: it is completely contactless and non-invasive, it is very fast, and it has the potential to be deployed in the fabrication line to test the 100 % of the production in real time. This work shows that it is possible: a) to propagate high-frequency, wideband air-coupled ultrasonic pulses in the frequency range 0.15–2.4 MHz in battery separators, b) to obtain the transmission coefficient spectra, both magnitude and phase; c) to theoretically model this propagation and the transmission coefficient spectra in thin films and then d) to solve the inverse problem to extract some separator properties of interest. The obtained properties depend on the theoretical model use to describe the propagation. For separators with porosity &lt;60 % and pore size big enough (approximately &lt;1 μm for the separators studied here), effective medium approach can be successfully used, while for the other cases, the porous nature of the separator has to be taken into account and the Biot's theory is used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 108837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of all-polyimide fiber based paper with high breakdown strength and stable properties for advanced insulation","authors":"Xiuzhi Qin,&nbsp;Xiuting Li,&nbsp;Jie Dong,&nbsp;Qingsong Xu,&nbsp;Xin Zhao,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-polyimide (PI) fiber based composite paper integrate the excellent insulation properties and heat resistance with lightweight and highly designable characteristics, making them ideal for insulation in ultra-high voltage transmission and new power systems. The key to fabricate all PI fiber based composite paper lies in the interface combination inside the composites, which strongly depended on the adhesive components. In this study, PI structures with trifluoromethyl and amide units were synthesized and its precipitated fibers with microfibrillated morphologies were prepared, which could fully utilize the hydrogen bonding and physical bunding to combine with commercial PI chopped fibers, thus enhancing the comprehensive performance of all PI fiber based composite paper. By optimizing the preparation process, the mechanical strength of the obtained PI paper could reach 11 MPa with a breakdown strength of up to 41.7 kV/mm, meeting the requirements of H-level or above insulation paper. Additionally, as-prepared PI paper demonstrated stable dielectric properties and integrated structures under complex working circumstances, such as wide temperature ranges, hydrothermal environments, acidic and oil immersion conditions, providing strong assurance for the safe and stable operation of ultra-high voltage transmission power systems in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 108833"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}