Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Thermo-mechanical viscoelastic characterization and modeling of 4D printed shape memory polymers","authors":"Israr Ud Din ,&nbsp;Siddhesh S. Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Kamran A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The majority of existing literature focuses on the characterization and modeling of conventionally synthesized shape memory polymers (SMPs). This work presents a detailed systematic thermo-viscoelastic characterization framework required for modeling 4D printed structures. Initially, the thermal properties were investigated to understand the behavior of the 4D-printed SMP under varying temperatures. Subsequently, thermo-viscoelastic experiments were conducted at various strain rates under tension and compression, covering temperature ranges from 25°C to 65°C. These tests revealed a strong dependency of mechanical behavior on both time and temperature. The stress-strain plots of the test temperature below the glass transition temperature demonstrated a clear yield point followed by a post-yield stress-softening. Under room temperature testing, a lower failure strain of ∼4 % was recorded at the fastest strain rate of 0.1/s. Moreover, temperature sweep, stress relaxation, creep, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and strain-controlled shape memory tests were performed using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). A shape fixity of ∼97 % and a recovery ratio of ∼99 % was obtained in the shape memory tests. Finally, the experimental results were successfully utilized to calibrate a thermo-viscoelastic model from the literature. The shape memory effects were predicted with reasonable agreement with the test data. The findings of this study can be used in the development of complex, intricate 4D structures, providing deeper insights into their design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear conductive behavior of MoS2/PDMS composites for self-adaptive electrostatic protection","authors":"Hongfei Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoming Qu ,&nbsp;Yazhou Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Cao ,&nbsp;Kaihui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrostatic discharge (ESD) poses a significant threat to electronic components and systems. Self-adaptive electrostatic protection materials (SAEs) are in urgent demand yet still remain a great challenge. Here, flexible and exceptional molybdenum disulfide/polydimethylsilane (MoS₂/PDMS) composites were developed using a facile hybrid approach as novel ESD smart protection materials. Exceptional nonlinear conductive performance was achieved with a low volume loading of MoS₂ fillers ranging from 1.08 vol% to 4.93 vol%. The composites exhibited a wide range of switching fields (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) from 0.65 kV/mm to 2.49 kV/mm, while the nonlinear coefficient (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) affected by potential barrier height range of 4.49 to 7.23. Mechanism analysis confirms the contribution of processes such as Ohmic behavior, Schottky emission, and F-N tunneling to the nonlinear conductivity of composites. Finite element simulations show that the increase in filler forms more conductive channels, which reduces the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. The electrostatic discharge experimental system designed to examine the ESD protection efficiency of MoS₂/PDMS composites confirms that the composite can effectively achieve fast switching from the off state to the on state of electrostatic protection. This research is expected to be applied to reduce the risk of device damage caused by destructive high-static forces for increasingly integrated circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108704"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal aging behavior of regenerated cellulose fiber-reinforced polyamide 5.10 composites","authors":"Celia Katharina Falkenreck,&nbsp;Jan-Christoph Zarges,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Heim","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of hygrothermal aging on the crystallinity, molecular structure and viscosity as well as on the quasi-static behavior of regenerated cellulose fiber-reinforced (RCF) bio-based polyamide (PA) 5.10 were examined in this study. Composites with 20 wt% RCF were produced on a twin-screw extruder and non- and RCF-reinforced specimens were manufactured on an injection molding machine. Specimens were aged in a climate chamber under conditions of four temperatures (23 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C) and five relative humidities (10 %rH, 25 %rH, 50 %rH, 75 %rH, 90 %rH). Once hygrothermal aging was carried out, tensile tests, μCT images as well as DSC, FTIR, GPC, moisture and rheology measurements have been performed on aged specimens and compared with results obtained from non-aged specimens. In addition, the influences of temperature and relative humidity were investigated using a 2nd-degree polynomial regression. Strong hydrolytic and thermo-oxidative influences were detected in combination with elevated temperatures, which accelerate the degradation of the PA5.10. Furthermore, a strong association between aging and moisture content was demonstrated, which corresponds with the resulting mechanical properties. An influence of the inhomogeneous saturation of the PA5.10 on the molecular chain splitting processes could also be shown. The RCF have a positive effect on the durability of PA5.10. However, fiber-matrix-debonding due to swelling processes of the RCF, which have been detected in μCT images, reduce the tensile strength and young's modulus significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking innovation: Novel films synthesised and structurally analysed from poly (l-lactide-co-ethylene adipate) block copolymers blended with poly(lactic acid)","authors":"Athira John ,&nbsp;Klementina Pušnik Črešnar ,&nbsp;Johan Stanley ,&nbsp;Sabina Vohl ,&nbsp;Damjan Makuc ,&nbsp;Dimitrios N. Bikiaris ,&nbsp;Lidija Fras Zemljič","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the inherent shortcomings of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable polymer widely used in industries such as packaging and biomedical applications. The principal challenge of PLA resides in its low crystallinity, which detrimentally affects its mechanical properties and thermal stability. Additionally, PLA is prone to water and hydrolysis, which compromises its chemical resistance and can lead to degradation over time. To overcome surmount these limitations, the study focuses on the development of hybrid films through the blending of PLA with poly (l-lactide-co-ethylene adipate) (pLEA) block copolymers. The objective is to augment the crystallinity, mechanical performance, and chemical resistance of the resulting materials. The study employs a range of analytical techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarised Light Microscopy (PLM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), to thoroughly characterize the copolymers and blend films. By systematically selecting blending ratios and processing methodologies, the study demonstrates enhancements in the properties of the resultant hybrid films compared to neat PLA. Specifically, the structure of films significantly changed from amorphous to crystalline in a short duration - 5 min, of annealing. , leading to better tensile strength, modulus and reduced wettability, which are crucial for applications requiring durability and resistance to environmental factors. Films made from 30 wt% of pLEA 97.5/2.5 with 70 % of PLA by fast cooling exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, with a tensile strength 20 MPa higher than that of neat PLA films. Additionally, the chemical resistance may be improved, as evidenced by a decrease in wettability by approximately 15° and a reduction in the polar component of the surface free energy by about 7 mN/m. Hydrophobic, water-repellent materials resist penetration by water and other polar solvents, reducing exposure to corrosive substances and enhancing chemical resistance through barrier protection. Overall, this research addresses the limitations of PLA through innovative copolymerization and blending strategies, offering valuable insights into optimizing the material's properties for various practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of bone-mimicking resin for 3D printing with enhanced mechanical properties using ceramic filler","authors":"Wei-Chun Lin ,&nbsp;Chia-Cheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Jui-Fu Tang ,&nbsp;Kuan-Chung Huang ,&nbsp;Kevin Chiou ,&nbsp;Ying-Ruei Liu ,&nbsp;Yu-An Chen ,&nbsp;Zhi-Xian Wu ,&nbsp;Yu-Hsien Chu ,&nbsp;Yu-Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Wei-Chih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, rapid advancements have been made in the field of additive manufacturing, which is also called three-dimensional (3D) printing. Liquid crystal display (LCD) photo-curing 3D printing is highly regarded for its exceptional printing speed and accuracy. These benefits have been extensively employed in medical applications. After obtaining a 3D model file through medical image scanning techniques, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, it is easy to produce a realistic model with an LCD 3D printer. Furthermore, 3D-printed models can observe the region of interest and facilitate surgical simulation training. However, existing 3D printing materials are inadequate for simulating real bone. The aims of this study are to enhance the mechanical properties of photocured resins with different ceramic powders and to mimic the complexity of the bone structure. Two ceramic particles—aluminum oxide and calcium carbonate—are mixed with the photosensitive resin before polymerization. In addition, appropriate dispersants are used to ensure proper dispersion of the powder in the resin. The rheological properties and mechanical properties of the composite resins are investigated. In this research, the mechanical properties of a newly synthesized composite polymer are significantly improved, with comparable characteristics to those of real bones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108699"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melting behaviour and crystallisation kinetics of carbon-fibre-reinforced low-melting poly(aryl ether ketone)","authors":"Jan-Lukas Stüven ,&nbsp;Sebastian Heimbs ,&nbsp;Carsten Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dependence of material properties and residual stress formation on the crystallinity of thermoplastic composites necessitates detailed analyses regarding the melting behaviour and the crystallisation kinetics of employed semi-crystalline matrices as well as accurate crystallisation models. This paper investigates a novel low-melting poly(aryl ether ketone) (LM-PAEK) reinforced with carbon fibres, in the form of TC1225 unidirectional tape, based on isothermal and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is shown that the LM-PAEK matrix features a double melting behaviour and exhibits an absolute crystallinity of roughly <span><math><mrow><mn>18</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>. Kinetics parameters are derived from the DSC analyses and the applicability of selected crystallisation models for predicting the relative crystallinity is evaluated based on a comparison with the DSC data. Under isothermal conditions, the modified Hillier model and the parallel Velisaris–Seferis model yield good agreement. In contrast, a dual Nakamura model and a dual Kamal–Chu model yield merely moderate agreement under non-isothermal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mechanical and thermal performance of Crosslinked Polyimides: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations and experimental characterization for motor insulation applications","authors":"Yuwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yidong Liu ,&nbsp;Yonggang Min","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the impact of various cross-linking methodologies on the properties of polyimide (PI) to gain insights into how molecular structure influences the thermal stability and mechanical characteristics of PI, thereby fulfilling the performance criteria for motor insulation applications. The investigation utilized crosslinking agents such as TAB, 4-PEPA, and NA. The relationships among different cross-linkers, molecular structures, and properties were explored using molecular dynamics simulations and further refined through experimental characterization. The results indicate that a high degree of crosslinking can significantly counteract the negative influence of Si-O-Si structures and alkyl chains on PI's thermal stability, while preserving excellent mechanical properties. The introduction of 4-PEPA and NA to form crosslinked networks significantly improved the glass transition temperature (T_g), tensile strength, and modulus of PI. Additionally, BPDA and ODA effectively compensated for the disordered crosslinking caused by NA, further enhancing the mechanical properties of NPI. Notably, the T_g of PIs with phenylacetylidene crosslinking increased significantly to 408 °C, while maintaining a tensile strength of 122 MPa, and the swelling rate in high-temperature oil solutions was reduced to 28 %. Additionally, this study introduced a novel concept of polymerization propensity(POP) and, uniquely, integrated the selection of cross-linking processes with the capacity of different monomers to bind long-chain molecules to analyze the effects of crosslinking on the polymerization process and final performances. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the properties of PI materials, with both theoretical and practical implications for materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108705"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical framework and experimental validation for monitoring the glass transition temperature of thermosets using a low-cost Fresnel reflection sensor","authors":"James DR. Talbot,&nbsp;David King,&nbsp;Francisco N. Bogonez,&nbsp;Venkata R. Machavaram,&nbsp;Dee Harris,&nbsp;Madhav Ramesh,&nbsp;Surya D. Pandita,&nbsp;Liwei Wang,&nbsp;Maximilian Hlatky,&nbsp;Gerard F. Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first part of this paper reports on the theoretical basis for using an optical fibre-based Fresnel reflection sensor for monitoring the cross-linking reactions, and subsequently, the evolution of the glass transition temperature. The Fresnel reflection sensor is produced by cleaving an optical fibre to obtain an end-face that is perpendicular. The device is simple to manufacture, interrogate and it is relatively straightforward to integrate into analytical and industrial equipment. The second part of the paper describes the integration of the low-cost Fresnel reflection sensor within a differential scanning calorimeter to track the cross-linking reactions in real-time. The same sensor was used subsequently to detect the glass transition temperature. As predicted by the theoretical study, a distinct change in the slope of the Fresnel reflection sensor data were observed as the cross-linked resin was heated past the glass transition temperature. An excellent correlation was observed between the outputs from the Fresnel reflection sensor and the differential scanning calorimeter with regard to the cross-linking kinetics and the glass transition temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108706"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time non-destructive characterization of epoxy resin curing kinetics and mechanical response for enhanced manufacturing quality control","authors":"Gonzalo Seisdedos ,&nbsp;Edgar Viamontes ,&nbsp;Eduardo Salazar ,&nbsp;Cristian Pantea ,&nbsp;Eric S. Davis ,&nbsp;Tommy Rockward ,&nbsp;Benjamin Boesl","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling and monitoring the processing parameters during epoxy manufacturing is a challenging task and their variation impacts the curing process of the polymer and its final quality. To address this issue, destructive testing is typically performed for quality control and material characterization, which involves expensive lab-type equipment and instrument-specific sample preparation. Moreover, this type of testing cannot be taken in-field to perform an in-situ evaluation. This work presents a method to non-destructively evaluate the curing kinetics and viscoelastic properties of epoxy resin in real time due to variations in stoichiometry combining ultrasonics and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Samples with a different amine-to-epoxy ratio were manufactured and tested. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that deviations from the recommended ratio promoted thermal degradation. Furthermore, changes in longitudinal sound speed were detected during the resin's curing process, resulting from variations in the polymer's chemical structure, and were correlated to the cure kinetics. The sound speeds of three baseline samples were determined during the curing process with an absolute error of ∼0.13 % while changing the amine content by ±40 % caused alterations in the curing process and changes in the final sound speeds of up to ∼3.6 %. The longitudinal and shear sound speeds were used to calculate the elastic properties of the material, including Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Finally, the curing kinetics were modeled using the Hill equation to better understand numerically the effect of varying stoichiometry in the curing process. This approach has the potential to non-destructively characterize the properties of polymers in both an in-field and manufacturing setting, aiding in the tailoring process and ensuring their reliability in demanding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum elongation degradation model and service life prediction for HTPB propellant under constant strain and chemical aging effects","authors":"Tingjing Geng ,&nbsp;Hongfu Qiang ,&nbsp;Heyang Miao ,&nbsp;Xueren Wang ,&nbsp;Zhejun Wang ,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately predict the service life of the hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant, in this study, we constructed a maximum elongation degradation model that comprehensively considers physical damage and chemical aging effects. Specifically, we conducted accelerated thermal aging and uniaxial tensile tests under different constant strain conditions to obtain performance degradation datasets. Additionally, a new degradation performance characterization model was proposed, which was validated and improved based on the correlation between the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) and Arrhenius equation parameters. Finally, we performed HTPB propellant service life prediction and verification for the proposed model based on the performance data under natural storage for 22 and 26 y, and compared our results with those of traditional methods. The prediction results of the improved model were more consistent with the natural storage estimated results compared to the traditional model, with a relative error of only 7.5 % and an accuracy improvement of 75 %. This study serves as a reference for efficient resource allocation and equipment maintenance planning, thus effectively avoiding economic losses caused by resource wastage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 108711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}