Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of graphene films embedded within 3D woven glass fiber reinforced composites for enhanced damage protection","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Khalid ,&nbsp;J. Jefferson Andrew ,&nbsp;Muzafar Hussain ,&nbsp;Kamran Ahmed Khan ,&nbsp;Rehan Umer","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs a novel co-curing approach to fabricate 3D glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites with enhanced damage tolerance by incorporating graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) surfacing films. Low-velocity impact (LVI) tests were conducted on four different samples: pristine GFRP and GFRP composites with 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 5 wt% GNP surfacing films co-cured with the laminate during resin infusion. The impact tests were performed at energy levels of 20 J, 30 J, and 50 J using a 6.20 mm diameter impactor. Moreover, a flexure-after-impact (FAI) test was also performed to assess the effects of impact-induced damage on the residual strength of LVI samples. The LVI and FAI results demonstrated that 2 wt % GNP-GFRP composites exhibited slightly better damage performance compared to the pristine GFRP composite. This improvement in LVI and post-FAI performance is attributed to the toughening effect of the 2 wt % GNP surfacing film and the enhanced interfacial adhesion between the co-cured GNP film and the 3D GFRP composite. Additionally, short beam shear testing was conducted to evaluate the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the films with the composites. Notably, the ILSS of the 2 wt% GNP-GFRP composite improved by 10 % compared to the pristine GFRP composite. These findings suggest that incorporating GNP surfacing films is a promising strategy for damage-resistant structures in aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel fatigue life prediction method of carbon black filled rubber based on hysteresis loss of steady state under various load ratios","authors":"Boyuan Yin,&nbsp;Yu Fang,&nbsp;Xinyue Jiao,&nbsp;Hongxin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon black (CB) filled rubber specimens were experimentally investigated to examine the effect of loading conditions on the self-heating and fatigue life. The self-heating was analyzed by implementing dynamic mechanical tests on cylindrical specimen, and the fatigue life was obtained by conducting a force-controlled fatigue test on hourglass specimen. In addition, the surface temperatures of the specimens were recorded with a ThermaCAM SC3000 infrared camera. Furthermore, this study explored the relationship between the hysteresis loss and the steady state temperature, finding that the steady state temperature would rise with the increase of the hysteresis loss. Traditionally, in the process of fatigue life prediction, such factors as maximum principal stress, strain energy density and temperature rise were used as fatigue parameters. In this study, a linear relationship between the hysteresis loss and the steady state temperature was established; then, by substituting the linear relationship into the traditional fatigue life equation, an empirical equation based on the hysteresis loss was derived. The results show that the proposed equation could predict the fatigue life in a satisfactory manner. Moreover, in this study, the cycles needed to reach the steady hysteresis loss state are far less than the fatigue life. Therefore, the proposed method provides a new choice for evaluating the fatigue life in a quick and cheap way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108863"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of exposure of phosphate buffered saline solution on creep behavior of polylactic acid: in-situ testing and modeling","authors":"Soo-Hyun Woo ,&nbsp;Min-Gyu Jo ,&nbsp;Byeong-Heon Park ,&nbsp;Jung-Wook Wee","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a custom immersion creep tester was developed to investigate the <em>in-situ</em> creep behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) in contact with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at various temperatures. Hydrolysis in PBS accelerated creep strain and shortened the lifespan compared to air. The elevated temperatures further facilitate molecular mobility and hydrolysis, leading to faster degradation in PBS environments. The failure mechanisms varied depending on the media, with brittle failure predominating in air and surface hydrolysis accelerating the failure in PBS. The Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) effectively predicted the long-term creep behavior of PLA by incorporating the time-temperature-environment correlation and showed high accuracy. These results highlight the important role of environmental factors in determining the structural integrity and mechanical properties of PLA and emphasize the need to carefully consider environmental conditions when designing PLA-based materials for applications such as biomedical implants or packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of thermal stability, UV barrier, biodegradability, and moisture resistance of potato starch–agar bioplastics using biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"David Asmat-Campos ,&nbsp;Meliza Lindsay Rojas ,&nbsp;Angel Carreño-Ortega ,&nbsp;Noemi Raquel-Checca","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the influence of biogenically synthesized TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) on the structure, properties, and biodegradability of bioplastics made from potato starch and agar. TiO₂ NPs (13.41 ± 1.0 nm, crystalline structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction) were incorporated at 0.674 %, 0.506 %, and 0.434 % concentrations. EDS and X-ray fluorescence confirmed their presence in the bioplastic matrix, while FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed interactions with polymer functional groups. TiO₂ addition reduced transparency from 79.1 % (control) to 46.81 % and improved UV-blocking capacity (68.7 % UV-A, 79.1 % UV-B). Water absorption decreased, indicating lower moisture affinity. Thermally, the 0.506 % NP sample showed superior stability with a decomposition temperature of 318.52 °C. Tensile strength decreased from 7.459 MPa (control) to 4.873 MPa, likely due to NP distribution and agglomeration. Biodegradability tests showed 52–60 % degradation in seawater (15 days) and over 76 % in soil (28 days), with the 0.506 % NP sample reaching the highest degradation (79.7 %). These findings highlight TiO₂ NPs’ potential to enhance thermal stability, UV protection, moisture resistance, and biodegradability in sustainable bioplastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108868"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compressive behavior of partial CFRP-jacketed coal samples: Effects of CFRP layers and strip coverage ratio","authors":"Qingwen Li ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhong ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Xu ,&nbsp;Chuangchuang Pan ,&nbsp;Fanfan Nie ,&nbsp;Hao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined coal samples significantly improve the axial compressive behavior and stability of the internal core coal, demonstrating promising applications for stabilizing abandoned coal pillar in goaf. However, current research has predominantly focused on uniform confinement, with limited attention given to partial confinement. Moreover, the effectiveness of partial strengthening is highly dependent on the number of CFRP layers and the strip coverage ratio of the CFRP jacket. To address this, thirty-nine partial CFRP-jacketed coal samples were designed, and axial compressive behavior tests were conducted on samples with varying CFRP layers. The results revealed that the post-peak stress-strain curves exhibited an extended plateau stage, alongside a notable increase in the ductility coefficient, indicating that partial CFRP confinement effectively enhances the post-peak behavior of coal samples. For a constant number of CFRP layers, the peak strength and its enhancement ratio initially increased, then decreased, and subsequently increased again with the rising strip coverage ratio. The strip coverage ratio was found to have a more significant influence on peak strength than the number of CFRP layers. Furthermore, at a constant number of CFRP layers, the hoop peak strain at different positions within the coal samples increased as the strip coverage ratio rose. A modified strength model for partial CFRP-jacketed coal samples was developed, and its validation through the integral absolute error index demonstrated strong performance and high precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable recycling of PET/cotton mixed waste fabrics: Mechanical decomposition and efficient component separation for reuse","authors":"Wang Hou ,&nbsp;Veronika Tunáková ,&nbsp;Shi Hu ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Jakub Wiener ,&nbsp;Ludmila Fridrichová ,&nbsp;Jana Novotná ,&nbsp;Xiuling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the surge in production of polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester, has resulted in a large amount of waste polyester-based textiles. Traditional incineration and landfilling methods can cause serious harm to the environment, while existing recycling methods have deep-rooted shortcomings, making the disposal of waste polyester an urgent problem to be solved. A new mechanical recycling method for waste polyester-based fabrics is proposed in this article. The effect of cutting mill parameters (number of cutting times, cassette perforation dimension) on the size of particles mechanically decomposed from waste fabric was analyzed. For a description of the particle size, the sieving methodology was chosen. It was found that both selected factors have statistically significant effect on particle size. As the number of cutting times increases, the particle size decreases, and using larger perforation sieve cassette results in larger particle sizes. To separate and recover polyester and other components from mechanically decomposed polyester-based waste fabrics, two methods were proposed and explored. The separation effectivity of different material components was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical decomposition of polyester blend textiles offers a low-pollution and efficient recycling method, making it promising for textile waste management. This approach shows strong potential for industrial scalability, offering a feasible and environmentally friendly solution for large-scale textile waste recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic composite scaffolds containing strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanofibers and collagen as bone substitutes","authors":"Fu-Yin Hsu ,&nbsp;Tzu-Fang Hsu ,&nbsp;Whei-Lin Pan ,&nbsp;Shiao-Wen Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various bone grafting materials have been developed to address bone defects caused by tumor resection and skeletal abnormalities. In this study, an anisotropic composite scaffold incorporating strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) nanofibers and collagen was designed to replicate the anisotropic structure of native bone tissue. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of these composite scaffolds were thoroughly evaluated. First, the aligned SrHA nanofibrous membrane was fabricated using an electrospinning method. Next, multiple SrHA nanofibrous membranes were stacked layer by layer to create a SrHA nanofibrous matrix. A collagen solution was subsequently added to the SrHA nanofibrous matrix, followed by lyophilization to form the composite scaffold. Finally, the composite scaffold was crosslinked using EDC. SEM confirmed the successful fabrication of the composite scaffold, which consisted of aligned SrHA nanofibrous membranes and collagen. Compression testing revealed the Young's modulus of the composite scaffold and demonstrated that the SrHA nanofibers reinforced the scaffold structure, compensating for the weaker mechanical properties of the scaffold itself while highlighting its anisotropic characteristics. The biological evaluation revealed that the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and BSP expression in MG63 osteoblast-like cells cultured on the composite scaffold were significantly greater than those of MG63 cells cultured on the collagen scaffold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced instrumentation of the pendulum-based rebound measurement method for the characterization of the impact dynamics of elastomers","authors":"Carina Emminger ,&nbsp;Umut Cakmak ,&nbsp;Anatolij Nikonov ,&nbsp;Michael Lackner ,&nbsp;Zoltan Major","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pendulum-based rebound resilience measurement is a well-established method for characterizing the energy absorption of elastomers. However, existing standards are limited to elastomers with a hardness range of Shore A30 to A85 and polymeric foams, providing only a single value of rebound resilience without further investigations into material behavior during impact. This study extends the application of this method to a broader hardness range (Shore 00–30 to D50) and enhances the analysis with advanced instrumentation, including a piezoelectric load cell, an angular transducer, and a high-speed camera, which enables capturing the impact duration, impact force, specimen compression, and the determining of elastic energy during the impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108873"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Board level BGA and CSP Underfill – diagnostic methods and the potential of using a tensile test and subsequent optical microscopy","authors":"Zbyněk Plachý ,&nbsp;Anna Pražanová ,&nbsp;Attila Géczy ,&nbsp;Karel Dušek","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the dimensions of Ball Grid Array (BGA) and Chip Scale Package (CSP) components in electronics design and manufacturing presents challenges similar to packages with flip-chips during temperature cycling. Therefore, underfill technology is increasingly used at the board level to enhance the durability of soldered joints in these components and improve the overall reliability of devices. However, a key issue with underfill is the limited quality control options and diagnostic methods available to assess its impact on specific assemblies. This work highlights the application of different diagnostic methods already established in other fields of electrical engineering, emphasizing the advantages of tensile testing combined with three-dimensional optical microscopy. The work results show that although underfill generally enhances the mechanical properties of the assembly, its effects vary significantly between components, so each component needs individual examination. Furthermore, Kernel Density Estimation analysis revealed significant differences in solder joint distribution layout between the components, correlating with their observed mechanical responses. Mechanical stress, Young modulus and toughness were investigated, while the latter appears to be the most suitable for comparing the influence of underfill on assemblies and individual components. The underfilled CSP component showed a 34 % increase in toughness compared to the non-underfilled, while the BGA component showed an increase of 94 %. The CSP component demonstrated a noticeable trend: toughness increased by 20 % from 0 to 2000 temperature cycles but then experienced a decline of 24 % at 3000 temperature cycles. This trend is not apparent for the BGA component. The combination of tensile testing with optical microscopy proves to be an effective method for evaluating the effect of underfill, detecting the weakest parts of the assembly and possibly optimizing its use for various types of BGA and CSP components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108872"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperelastic and viscoelastic properties of recycled rubber material – experimental and fem characterization study","authors":"Juan S. Rodriguez-Piedrahita ,&nbsp;Liseth A. Muñoz-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Ingrid E. Madera-Sierra ,&nbsp;Diego D. Pérez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Orlando Cundumí-Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic hazards pose a significant threat to structures worldwide, with conventional rubber base isolators being cost-prohibitive for developing countries. This study investigates recycled rubber (RR) simulations as an alternative approach for seismic isolator testing and performance prediction, aiming to reduce the need for extensive experimental testing through numerical modeling. The methodology involved characterizing an RR mix through multiple deformation modes (uniaxial compression and tension, simple shear, creep, and relaxation). Using an iterative error reduction method that considered all modes simultaneously, the Bergström-Boyce model achieved an average R² value of 0.92 for the RR matrix alone. The calibration process was then extended to an RR-textile reinforcement prototype using distinct coefficients for different deformation intervals. The model achieved average errors of −10.5 % in vertical stiffness, 5.2 % in horizontal stiffness, and 8.0 % in damping ratio when compared to experimental data, demonstrating its potential for predicting isolator behavior. This research contributes to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals by examining sustainable and resilient infrastructure solutions through the use of recycled materials in earthquake-resistant structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 108870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}