Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Analysis and prediction for dynamic migration behavior of NEPE propellant/liner interface layer full components","authors":"Jianbo Fu ,&nbsp;Hui Ren ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Liu ,&nbsp;Jianjun Sun ,&nbsp;Guoqing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The migration behavior of nitrate ester-plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant components significantly impacts safety. Experimentally observing the migration process is challenging and time-consuming. This study employed molecular dynamics (MD) methods to simulate a molecular model of the NEPE propellant/liner interface layer, enabling the prediction of component migration behavior. We visualized the migration process of all propellant components and studied the interface layer components' migration patterns, diffusion coefficients, and concentration gradient distributions. The contents of migrated components of the propellant and liner at different accelerated aging times at 70 °C were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the simulation patterns were compared with experimental observations. The results indicate that the migrated components in the propellant mainly consist of nitrate esters (Nitroglycerin, abbreviated as NG, and Butanetriol Trinitrate, abbreviated as BTTN), stabilizers (NMethylnitroaniline, abbreviated as MNA, and 2-Nitrodiphenylamine, abbreviated as 2-NDPA), and solid component (Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, abbreviated as RDX). The migration process is primarily dominated by the substantial migration of nitrate esters, which is a key factor contributing to the degradation of propellant performance during storage. The migration process can be divided into three stages: swift migration, steady slow migration, and migration equilibrium. The diffusion coefficients are ranked from most significant to most minor as NG &gt; BTTN &gt; RDX &gt; MNA &gt; 2-NDPA. Three migration stages consistent with the simulation process were observed using HPLC, and the migration behavior of nitrate esters aligned with simulation patterns. Our designed full-component model can qualitatively predict component migration behavior. Additionally, a faster diffusion coefficient does not necessarily lead to a greater amount of migration. We employed MD simulations combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain this phenomenon and found that intermolecular interactions may influence the diffusion coefficient. At the same time, the migration amount is highly correlated with molecular polarity. Therefore, increasing the molecular polarity difference between easily migrating components and liner materials is a beneficial strategy for slowing the migration process and enhancing the storage safety of propellants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002605/pdfft?md5=37f73a6b1617f87a1f992a25c91c6644&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal decay-provoked degradation of cross-linking networks in phenol-formaldehyde adhesive: From fragmentation process towards damaged mechanical robustness","authors":"Ran Yang ,&nbsp;Shuwei Xu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Xinxing Wu ,&nbsp;Shuaibo Han ,&nbsp;Chunde Jin ,&nbsp;Fangli Sun ,&nbsp;Yizhong Cao ,&nbsp;Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical robustness of structural adhesives as represented by phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive is vital for the safe service of engineered wood/bamboo products facing environmental aggressors. Here, fungal decay-provoked hazard towards the mechanical robustness of PF adhesive was demonstrated, which was usually overlooked in previous works. Obtained results proved that the white rot (<em>Trametes versicolor, T. versicolor</em>) and brown rot (<em>Gloeophyllum trabeum, G. trabeum</em>) fungus can both grow on the surface of cured commercial PF adhesive. An evident oxidization can only be observed on the <em>T. versicolor</em>-decayed PF adhesive, as along with the appearance of 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol after decay. It further demonstrated the ruptured and oxidized cross-linking structures. The evident degradation of PF adhesive can be assigned to the favored activity of laccase (40.9 U mL⁻¹) and lignin peroxidase (60.5 U mL⁻¹) during the decay of <em>T. versicolor</em>. The elastic modulus and hardness of PF adhesive reduced by over 31.6 % and 50.2 %, respectively, which is also accompanied by the elevation in the creep deformation (45.4 %), after a 40-day <em>T. versicolor</em> decay. This work revealed the decay-sensitivity of PF adhesive, and the cleavage of cross-linking structures is the major trigger for the degraded mechanical robustness of PF adhesive after decay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002629/pdfft?md5=deb88b16ae5cc784d1c2058970370c56&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of repeated hyperbaric hydrogen exposures on mechanical properties and microstructure of polyamide 11","authors":"C. Le Talludec ,&nbsp;H. Ono ,&nbsp;K. Ohyama ,&nbsp;S. Nishimura ,&nbsp;A. Nait-Ali ,&nbsp;H.A. Cayzac ,&nbsp;S. Tencé-Girault ,&nbsp;S. Castagnet","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to evaluate the impact of repeated exposure to hyperbaric hydrogen (90 MPa; 30 °C) and pressure release on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of PA11. Samples were analyzed after 1, 2, 5 and 10 cycles, by SAXS, WAXS, DMA, DSC, and a series of mechanical tests with variable triaxiality ratio. The most visible change in the residual state after desorption was a stiffening of the amorphous phase. It mainly originated from the first cycle, especially the first pressurization. The crystalline phase was slightly affected and no evidence of nano-voiding was brought in the residual state up to 10 cycles. Similar analyses were conducted during the first cycle's desorption transient. They showed a reversible plasticizing effect and a trend of nano-voiding vanishing after desorption but might promote damage upon further triaxial loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002587/pdfft?md5=cd082cd9c7d0bf3ab040f00a76e09320&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural and interlaminar shear response of novel methylmethacrylate composites reinforced with high-performance fibres","authors":"Aswani Kumar Bandaru ,&nbsp;Jayaram R. Pothnis ,&nbsp;Alexandre Portela ,&nbsp;Raghavendra Gujjala ,&nbsp;Hong Ma ,&nbsp;Ronan M. O'Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental work presents a comparative study on the mechanical behaviour of novel infusible methylmethacrylate matrix (Elium®) composites reinforced with different types of high-performance fibres. A vacuum-assisted resin infusion process was employed to fabricate the laminates using carbon, basalt, Kevlar®, and high molecular weight polyethene (UHMWPE) fibres. Flexural and interlaminar shear properties of the composites were evaluated. Test results revealed that carbon fibre composites had superior flexural strength, stiffness and interlaminar shear stress as compared to the other composites tested. Further, composites containing Kevlar and UHMWPE fibres demonstrated significantly higher flexural strains to failure. Post-testing, specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microscopy revealed possible interfacial interaction differences based on the reinforcement fibre type, which was further confirmed by an analytical approach for analysing the flexural behaviour of various types of composites. The sequence of damage progression in specimens was also analysed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002551/pdfft?md5=d4b69dde211987c5817c2f98b755365f&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002551-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of the bonding strength of semi-crystalline polymers during overmolding","authors":"Anna Héri-Szuchács ,&nbsp;József Gábor Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Injection molding is widely used in the plastics manufacturing industry. However, there is a need to better understand and calculate the bonding strength between the injection-molded part and the insert, especially for semi-crystalline polymers. The weldability of semi-crystalline polymers differs from that of amorphous polymers. Semi-crystalline polymers cannot heal until they reach their glass transition temperature, unlike amorphous polymers, as the crystalline particles prevent molecule motion below this temperature. To account for this difference, we have developed a method that takes into effect the crystalline parts of semi-crystalline polymers in the calculation of healing. We used polypropylene (PP) in our experiments, and calculated healing with a new method based on the method we previously described for the healing of amorphous polymers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 108579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002563/pdfft?md5=f3fcafa910ba257527d011ea9ed58e81&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of hierarchical polymer foams by combining X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy","authors":"Takumi Ono ,&nbsp;Sadaki Samitsu ,&nbsp;Misa Hazutani ,&nbsp;Seisuke Ata","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complementary structural characterization methods are useful for studying the hierarchical cellular morphology of polymer foams. In this study, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to characterize the hierarchical cellular morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) foams. The polymer foams were prepared using pure CO₂ gas and CO₂–chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) gas mixtures as blowing agents. Depending on the type of polymer and HCFC-22 concentration, hierarchical cellular structures consisting of nanocells, microcells, and macrocells were obtained. The size distribution of the nanocells was determined by high-magnification SEM, while the size, shape, and spatial distribution of the microcells and macrocells in three dimensions were determined by micro-CT. Moreover, a well-designed micro-CT experiment enabled a brightness comparison between the foams and relative local density mapping of the foams based on the brightness. The results clearly showed the formation of a dense skin layer at the air interface of both PMMA and PS foams and dense matrix around the large macrocells in the PMMA foams. Thus, combining SEM and micro-CT provides a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism of the hierarchical cellular structure of polymer foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002575/pdfft?md5=a54b2425c3c0670fe828c574d2a5cddf&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the content of various types of polypropylene in high density polyethylene blends","authors":"Meysam Hashemnejad,&nbsp;Ami Doshi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the effectiveness of mechanical plastic recycling, it is best to separate different types of plastic during collection and recycling. This ensures the integrity and quality of recycled materials. For instance, the presence of polypropylene (PP) in recycled polyethylene (PE) can result in inconsistent and undesirable material, impacting the quality and performance of the recycled PE. This underscores the need for an analytical technique to accurately detect the presence of PP in recycled PE materials. In this study, we propose a quantitative analysis using a solution-based crystallization elution fractionation (CEF) technique to assess the polypropylene (PP) content in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends. The proposed methodology inherently distinguishes between the semi-crystalline PP matrix, including Homo-PP and Random copolymer PP, as well as the non-crystalline copolymer PP, and then quantifies each segment. A series of commercially available Ziegler–Natta catalyzed polymers were used to obtain the calibration curves per different type of PP materials, i.e., Homo-PP and Random copolymer PP. These calibration curves were then utilized to quantify Homo PP and copolymer PP (either semi-crystalline ethylene-propylene or amorphous ethylene-propylene) in different virgin polymer blends. The proposed methodology provides a comprehensive approach to characterizing the polypropylene content within polyethylene systems, especially in the context of qualifying polyolefin recyclate or polymer blends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 108577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182400254X/pdfft?md5=d42a15c9d3153c46fd7de2cfd0535296&pid=1-s2.0-S014294182400254X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ethylene oxide and gamma sterilization on surface texture of films and electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone) (PCLDX) scaffolds","authors":"Álvaro Morales López ,&nbsp;Akanksha Appaiah ,&nbsp;Johan Berglund ,&nbsp;Klas Marteleur ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ajalloueian ,&nbsp;Anna Finne-Wistrand","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the field of tissue engineering, synthetic and degradable polyesters like poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ε-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone) (PCLDX) are widely used as scaffolds. Our previous research revealed that thermal storage conditions could alter the surface texture of PCL and PCLDX scaffolds, which might influence cell-scaffold interactions in tissue engineering applications. These findings highlighted the importance of multi-scale characterization techniques to identify the scales most sensitive to external changes and the need for personalized surface texture analysis. Sterilization techniques, such as ethylene oxide and gamma radiation, are essential for ensuring the sterility of polymeric medical devices. However, these processes can significantly impact the bulk polymer properties and/or surface texture of the scaffolds, potentially affecting their biocompatibility, safety, and overall performance. Therefore, the influence of sterilization processes on the surface texture of PCLDX films and electrospun nanofibers and to correlate these findings with the thermal and physical properties of the polymer are essential and have been assessed. Our results demonstrated that ethylene oxide maintained the structural integrity and surface texture of PCLDX scaffolds, while gamma irradiation caused a significant reduction in molar mass and increased the number of hills (Shn) and dales (Sdn) on PCLDX samples. Despite these changes, both sterilization methods showed minimal effects on the thermal properties, such as melting temperature and degree of crystallinity, and surface wettability of the scaffolds. This comprehensive surface texture analysis highlights the importance of evaluating feature parameters such as Shn and Sdn for optimizing the performance and biocompatibility of polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 108567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002447/pdfft?md5=39e024c0bb7a3aa99ca6b7a0e546d5ea&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and properties of bio-based polymer composites using PLA and untreated agro-industrial residues","authors":"Alexa K. Gamiz-Conde ,&nbsp;Manuel Burelo ,&nbsp;Edgar A. Franco-Urquiza ,&nbsp;Enrique Martínez-Franco ,&nbsp;Gabriel Luna-Barcenas ,&nbsp;Diego A. Bravo-Alfaro ,&nbsp;Cecilia D. Treviño-Quintanilla","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research developed a bio-based polymer composite using polylactic acid (PLA) and agro-industrial residues from coffee by-products (without chemical modification and the use of coupling agents or stabilizers). Agro-industrial residues, such as spent coffee ground (SCG) and coffee silver skin (CSS) as filler, were added into the PLA matrix in different percentages by weight, from 0.5 to 10 wt%. The bio-composites were prepared using solvent-cast films and were characterized by various techniques, including FT-IR, TGA, DSC, XRD, SEM and mechanical tests. Bio-composites' formation was verified using FT-IR and SEM; the material showed good interfacial interaction, with percentages between 3 and 5 wt%. XRD and DSC determined the percentage crystallinity in the bio-composites. SEM found that the bio-composites form crystals, showing their limits after mechanical testing. The bio-composites exhibited enhanced thermal and mechanical properties compared to neat PLA.</p><p>These bio-based composites show great potential for a wide range of applications in the food industry, including disposable and single-use materials, as well as food packaging. Moreover, their use can significantly contribute to the global demand for eco-friendly materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 108576"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002538/pdfft?md5=fb05d0474de18770b36bd2b4cddb8116&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002538-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective strategy to enhance phosphoric acid retention and proton conductivity stability: Construction of proton transfer channels with starch rather than H3PO4","authors":"Xiuping Li ,&nbsp;Jiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiudong Liu ,&nbsp;Shuhua Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Qiao ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the phosphoric acid (PA) retention as well as maintain high proton conductivity of phosphoric acid doped proton exchange membranes at high temperature, we successfully design a series of phosphoric acid doped biobased composite membranes by incorporation of starch and graphene oxide (GO) into poly arylene ether ketones (PAEK). Proton transfer channels should be mainly built through dense hydrogen bonds formed from massive oxygen-containing groups of starch mainchain, which is confirmed by Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, FT-IR and XRD analysis. The dense hydrogen-bond structure could construct fast proton transfer channels with extreme low doping level (0.00484 molH₃PO₄). The excellent PA retention properties with almost unchanged proton conductivity at high temperature (200 °C) for 600 min indicates that PA molecules are firmly fixed into membranes. Thus, in this study, we suggest a novel strategy for stablizing proton conductivity at high temperature and improving PA retention properties of PA doped membranes, which is building dense hydrogen-bond structure with low PA doping level.</p><p>Based on the results in this study and the Grotthuss proton transfer mechanism, dense hydrogen-bonds from oxygen-containing groups in polymer backbones should be more stable than hydrogen-bonds from massive H₃PO₄ molecules with high acid doping levels to promote proton conduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 108568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002459/pdfft?md5=f54d57d8ffac860b07c7eb13e44d10be&pid=1-s2.0-S0142941824002459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}