Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Design and Synthesis of Fe₃O₄-Loaded Polymer Microspheres with Controlled Morphology: Section II Fabrication of Walnut-like Superparamagnetic Polymer Microspheres.","authors":"Florence Acha, Talya Scheff, Nathalia DiazArmas, Jinde Zhang","doi":"10.3390/polym17131876","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A simple and innovative synthesis strategy was established to produce polymer microspheres with a distinctive walnut-like morphology, incorporating Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles within their structure. This was achieved through γ-ray-initiated mini-emulsion polymerization. To ensure high encapsulation efficiency, the surface of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was chemically altered to shift their wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, enabling uniform dispersion within the monomer phase before polymerization. The formation of the walnut-like architecture was found to be significantly influenced by both the polymerization dynamics and phase separation, as well as the shrinkage of the crosslinked polymer network formed between the monomer and the resulting polymer. Divinylbenzene (DVB) was chosen as the monomer due to its ability to generate a mechanically stable polymer framework. The γ-ray irradiation effectively initiated polymerization while preserving structural coherence. A detailed analysis using FTIR, SEM, and TEM confirmed the successful fabrication of the Fe₃O₄-loaded polymer microspheres with their characteristic textured surface. Moreover, magnetic characterization via vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) indicated pronounced superparamagnetic behavior and strong magnetic responsiveness, highlighting the potential of these microspheres for advanced biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Cellulose Nanocrystals Originated from Ramie (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> L. Gaud) in Formation of Microspheres for Enhanced Solubility of Furosemide.","authors":"Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa, Yoga Windhu Wardhana, Mayang Kusuma Dewi, Margaretha Efa Putri, Fitriani Jati Rahmania","doi":"10.3390/polym17131879","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulose nanocrystals possess unique properties such as high surface area and excellent biocompatibility. They can disrupt strong hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular forces that hinder the solubility of certain molecules thus enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble materials. The main challenge in formulating poorly soluble drugs lies in their limited therapeutic efficacy due to inadequate solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, an innovative approach such as using cellulose nanocrystals to enhance the solubility is highly needed. The aim of this research is to study the potential of ramie (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> L. Gaud) as a source of cellulose nanocrystals in the development of microspheres for the solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs. Nanocrystalline cellulose was isolated from the ramie (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> L. Gaud) by optimizing hydrolysis conditions with varying acid concentrations and reaction times. Characterizations were performed by measuring particle size, pH, and sulfate content, followed by morphological study by SEM, functional group analysis, and thermal analysis. The use of sulfuric acid in the hydrolysis process of flax cellulose at 45 °C, as the type of acid that gives the best results, at 50% acid concentration for 60 min produces cellulose nanocrystallines with a particle size of 120 nm, sulfate concentration density of 133.09 mmol/kg, crystallinity of 96.2%, and a yield of 63.24 ± 8.72%. Furosemide was used as the poorly soluble drug model and its solubility enhancement in the form of furosemide/RNCC microspheres was evaluated through saturated solubility testing and in vitro dissolution. This study demonstrated that RNCC could improve the solubility of furosemide, which contributes to developing sustainable drug formulations and eco-friendly delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study on the Development of a Biodegradable Functional Nasal Packing Material.","authors":"Dong Hoon Lee, EunA So, Faizan E Mustafa, Jae-Ho Jeong, Bong-Kee Lee","doi":"10.3390/polym17131878","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is commonly performed to treat paranasal sinus diseases, often necessitating nasal packing to control bleeding and aid healing. However, current materials can cause discomfort or lack adequate antibacterial properties. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable, biocompatible nasal packing material by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carbon dots (CDs), and to evaluate its antibacterial activity and tissue compatibility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Electrospun nanofiber membranes were fabricated using PVA and biomass-derived CDs. Antibacterial efficacy of nasal packing variants (PVA, PVA-chitosan [CS], PVA-CS-CDs-1 mL, and PVA-CS-CDs-2 mL) was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The in vivo biocompatibility was evaluated via histological analysis following implantation into the nasal cavity of mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All materials demonstrated antibacterial activity, with PVA-CS-CDs-2 mL showing the largest inhibition zones. Histological examination revealed minimal epithelial damage and no inflammation, with PVA-CS-CDs-2 mL yielding the most favorable tissue response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PVA-CS-CDs composite demonstrates potential as a biocompatible, antibacterial nasal packing material. Further studies are warranted to validate its long-term clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning in Predicting and Optimizing Polymer Printability for 3D Bioprinting.","authors":"Junjie Yu, Danyu Yao, Ling Wang, Mingen Xu","doi":"10.3390/polym17131873","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a highly promising technology within the realms of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The assessment of printability is essential for ensuring the quality of bio-printed constructs and the functionality of the resultant tissues. Polymer materials, extensively utilized as bioink materials in extrusion-based bioprinting, have garnered significant attention from researchers due to the critical need for evaluating and optimizing their printability. Machine learning, a powerful data-driven technology, has attracted increasing attention in the evaluation and optimization of 3D bioprinting printability in recent years. This review provides an overview of the application of machine learning in the printability research of polymers for 3D bioprinting, encompassing the analysis of factors influencing printability (such as material and printing parameters), the development of predictive models, and the formulation of optimization strategies. Additionally, the review briefly explores the utilization of machine learning in predicting cell viability, evaluates the advanced nature and developmental potential of machine learning in 3D bioprinting, and examines the current challenges and future trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and Optimisation of FDM-Printed Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Nylon Using CCF and RSM.","authors":"Qibin Fang, Jing Yu, Bowen Shi","doi":"10.3390/polym17131872","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nylon reinforced with short carbon fibres exhibits superior mechanical properties. Its use as a feedstock for fused deposition modelling (FDM) can extend its applications to consumer goods and industrial products. To investigate the flexural and impact properties of the FDM-printed short carbon fibre-reinforced nylon, a central composite face-centred (CCF) design with four factors and three levels and the response surface method (RSM) were employed. The four primary process parameters are the extrusion and bed temperatures, printing speed, and layer thickness. The three investigated responses were the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. Perturbation curves and contour plots were used to analyse the influences of the individual and two-way interactions of the response parameters, respectively. Second-order statistical models were constructed to predict and optimise the mechanical properties. The optimal comprehensive mechanical properties were determined using a desirability function combined with the entropy weighting method. The predicted results of best comprehensive mechanical properties are 169.881 MPa for the flexural strength, 9249.11 MPa for the flexural modulus, and 29.659 kJ∙m^-2 for the impact strength, achieved under the parameter combination of extrusion temperature of 318 °C, bed temperature of 90 °C, printing speed of 30 mm∙s^-1, and layer thickness of 0.1 mm. A small deviation between the predicted and experimental results indicated the high reliability of the proposed method. The optimal outcomes under the studied parameters showed higher robustness and integrity than previously reported results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Stability of Quercetin-Loaded Pickering Emulsions Using Chitosan/Gum Arabic Nanoparticles for Topical Skincare Applications.","authors":"Mathukorn Sainakham, Paemika Arunlakvilart, Napatwan Samran, Pattavet Vivattanaseth, Weeraya Preedalikit","doi":"10.3390/polym17131871","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural polymer-based nanoparticles have emerged as promising stabilizers for Pickering emulsions, offering biocompatibility, environmental sustainability, and improved protection of active compounds. This study developed chitosan/gum arabic (CH/GA) nanoparticles as solid stabilizers for quercetin-loaded Pickering emulsions to enhance the stability and antioxidant bioactivity of quercetin (QE), a plant-derived flavonoid known for its potent radical-scavenging activity but limited by oxidative degradation. A systematic formulation strategy was employed to evaluate the effects of CH/GA concentration (0.5-2.0% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), oil type (olive, soybean, sunflower, and coconut), and oil volume fraction (ϕ = 0.5-0.7) on emulsion stability. The formulation containing 1.5% CH/GA and olive oil at ϕ = 0.6 exhibited optimal physical and interfacial stability. Quercetin (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) was incorporated into the optimized emulsions and characterized for long-term stability, particle size, droplet morphology, rheology, antioxidant activity (DPPH), cytocompatibility, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) protection using HaCaT keratinocytes. The olive oil-based formulation (D1-QE) exhibited greater viscosity retention and antioxidant stability than its soybean-based counterpart (E2-QE) under both room temperature (RT) and accelerated heating-cooling (H/C) storage conditions. Confocal microscopy confirmed the accumulation of CH/GA nanoparticles at the oil-water interface, forming a dense interfacial barrier and enhancing emulsion stability. HPLC analysis showed that D1-QE retained 92.8 ± 0.5% of QE at RT and 82.8 ± 1.5% under H/C conditions after 30 days. Antioxidant activity was largely preserved, with only 4.7 ± 1.7% and 14.9 ± 4.8% loss of DPPH radical scavenging activity at RT and H/C, respectively. Cytotoxicity testing in HaCaT keratinocytes confirmed that the emulsions were non-toxic at 1 mg/mL QE and effectively reduced H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress, decreasing intracellular ROS levels by 75.16%. These results highlight the potential of CH/GA-stabilized Pickering emulsions as a polymer-based delivery system for maintaining the stability and functional antioxidant activity of QE in bioactive formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionic Bovine Achilles Tendon Collagen Composite Membrane Loaded with Anti-Inflammatory Kukoamine B Promotes Skin Wound Healing.","authors":"Ruting Luo, Yujie Mu, Le Zhao, Jinglin Hua, Lixin Cao, Danting Chen, Kun Li, Zhenkai Jin, Yanchuan Guo, Bing Zhang, Min Wang","doi":"10.3390/polym17131874","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin is the first line of defence between the human body and the outside world, and it is constantly exposed to external injuries and wounds for a variety of reasons. Collagen is a structural protein of the extracellular matrix and an important component of the dermis. As a wound dressing, collagen not only provides nutrients to wounds but also enhances the immune response in the pre-healing phase, making it an excellent biomaterial for healing. In this study, we used electrospinning and freeze-drying technology to prepare a Bovine Achilles Tendon Collagen (BATC) electrospun composite membrane and a BATC freeze-dried composite membrane using BATC as a substrate supplemented with 16.7% Polyethylene oxide (PEO) and 0.2% Kukoamine B (KuB). The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the BATC composite membrane were verified via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and DSC analysis and by measuring the DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, water absorption, water retention, in vitro drug release, and extract cytotoxicity. The BATC composite membrane was found to have a significant effect on skin wound healing, especially in the middle stage of healing, in a mouse full-thickness skin injury model. The BATC/PEO/KuB electrospun composite membrane (EBPK) had the best capacity for promoting wound healing and can be used as a wound dressing for in-depth research and development, and KuB, a monomer component with a clear structure and mechanism of action, can be used as a candidate component of composite dressings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Comb-like Copolymers into Micelles and Vesicles in Solution.","authors":"Qiaoyue Chen, Kun Tian, Ruiqi Zhu, Mingming Ding, Zhanwen Xu","doi":"10.3390/polym17131870","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining Brownian dynamics simulations and self-consistent field theory, we demonstrate that stable assembled structures, such as vesicles, toroidal micelles, bowl-like micelles, sheet-like micelles, non-spherical vesicles, and cylindrical micelles, are dependent on the molecular parameters of amphiphilic comb-like copolymers. Importantly, we find that vesicle formation involves two intermediate states, sheet-like and bowl-like micelles, and the difference in their free energies is minimal, which illustrates the coexisting phase between them. Moreover, the assembled vesicles can be modulated in the membrane thickness with overall size, unchanged only by adjusting the backbone length. We also demonstrate the coexistence of toroidal and cylindrical micelles because neither structure has a significant advantage over the other in free energy. Our work points out how to obtain different morphologies by adjusting the molecular parameters of amphiphilic comb-like copolymers, instilling confidence in their potential for stable drug encapsulation and enhanced targeted drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong Amphoteric Adsorption of Reactive Red-141 onto Modified Orange Peel Derivatives: Optimization, Characterization, and Mechanism.","authors":"Behlul Koc-Bilican, Ismail Bilican, Hakan Çelebi","doi":"10.3390/polym17131875","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the adsorption performance of Reactive Red-141 (ReR-141) using three modified orange peel derivatives: raw orange peel (ROP), oil-free orange peel (NOOP), and cellulose extract (CE). The adsorbents were prepared through sequential treatments and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate their surface morphology and functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of pH, temperature, time, and adsorbent amount. NOOP displayed the highest adsorption capacity (99.72% removal efficiency), followed by CE (86.99%) and ROP (77.55%), under optimal conditions. The adsorption kinetics followed a PSO model, while the equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir, indicating monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic factors confirmed that the process was self-generated and primarily determined by physisorption. Desorption studies using 0.2 M NaOH demonstrated that NOOP retained 98.16% efficiency after three cycles, indicating its strong reusability. The adsorption mechanism is determined by different interactions, such as electrostatic forces, H-bonding, and π-π stacking. These findings suggest that orange peel derivatives, particularly NOOP, serve as optimal and environmentally sustainable adsorbents for the yield of ReR-141 from synthetic aqueous media.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Elbedwehy, A.M.; Atta, A.M. Novel Superadsorbent Highly Porous Hydrogel Based on Arabic Gum and Acrylamide Grafts for Fast and Efficient Methylene Blue Removal. <i>Polymers</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 338.","authors":"Ahmed M Elbedwehy, Ayman M Atta","doi":"10.3390/polym17131861","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17131861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}