Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of Bio-Based PA11 Composites with Recycled Short Carbon Fibers: Stiffness-Strength Characterization.","authors":"Christian Brauner, Thierry Bourquin, Julian Kupski, Lucian Zweifel, Mohammad Hajikazemi, Chester Houwink, Martin Eichenhofer","doi":"10.3390/polym17182549","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short carbon fiber-reinforced bio-based polyamide 11 (PA11) composites were developed in filament form for Additive Fusion Technology (AFT) 3D printing and benchmarked against injection-molded samples. Composites containing 15 and 25 weight percent (wt%) recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) were successfully extruded into 1.75 mm diameter filaments, whereas higher fiber contents (35 wt%) led to brittle filament failure. AFT printing with subsequent consolidation produced short fiber composites with highly aligned fibers, while injection molding generated more randomly oriented microstructures. Mechanical testing revealed that AFT-printed composites in the fiber direction achieved significantly higher stiffness and comparable tensile strength to injection-molded counterparts. At 25 wt% fiber content, AFT 0° specimens reached an axial tensile modulus of 14.5 GPa, about 32% higher than injection-molded samples (11.0 GPa), with similar axial tensile strength (~123 vs. 126 MPa). However, AFT specimens displayed pronounced anisotropy: transverse (90°) properties dropped to ~2.3 GPa for transverse modulus and ~46-50 MPa transverse tensile strength, near matrix-dominated levels. Impact testing showed orientation-dependent toughness, with AFT 90° samples at 15% fiber content achieving the highest impact energy (76 kJ·m^-2), while AFT 0° samples were ~30% lower than injection-molded equivalents. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed that AFT 0° composites maintained higher stiffness up to ~80 °C. Overall, these results demonstrate that aligned short fiber filaments enable high stiffness and strength performance comparable to injection molding, with the trade-off of anisotropy that must be carefully considered in design. This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of combining bio-based PA11 with recycled short carbon fibers in AFT printing, thereby extending additive manufacturing to sustainable and high-stiffness short fiber composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Recovery of Homogalacturonan-Rich Pectin from Flaxseed Cake via NADES Extraction.","authors":"Aleksandra Mazurek-Hołys, Ewa Górska, Marta Tsirigotis-Maniecka, Maria Zoumpanioti, Roman Bleha, Izabela Pawlaczyk-Graja","doi":"10.3390/polym17182532","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flaxseed polysaccharides (FLP) are bioactive macromolecules with valuable functional properties and applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and packaging industries. This study focused on obtaining high-purity pectin from flaxseed cake using sustainable extraction with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid (CA) The ChCl/CA system (1:1) resulted in the LU3 extract, which provided the best outcome, yielding the highest pectin recovery (36.88 mg/g), elevated uronic acid content (30.33% of sample; 68.15% of saccharides), and the lowest protein contamination (11.46%), confirming superior pectin purity. Structural (UV-Vis, FT-IR, GC-MS, GPC, LH-20) identified homogalacturonan with xylogalacturonan domains (53% DM) and a molecular weight range of 14-500 × 10³ g/mol. Morphological and physicochemical characterization, including SEM/EDS imaging, zeta potential analysis, and rheological measurements, revealed that LU3 is an anionic, heterogeneous biopolymer exhibiting pH-dependent charge behavior. These properties underscore its potential as a safe and effective material for bio-industrial applications. Overall, the study demonstrates that NADES provide an eco-friendly and efficient medium for extracting high-quality pectin from flaxseed cake, offering a sustainable strategy for the valorization of flaxseed polysaccharides in bio-based products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Concentrated PMMA Suspensions Stabilized by a Green Polysiloxane Surfactant.","authors":"Diana Borisova, Kirill Borisov, Aleksandra Kalinina, Aleksandra Bystrova, Inessa Gritskova, Aziz Muzafarov","doi":"10.3390/polym17182535","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents an approach to stabilizing suspension particles using novel eco-friendly hyperbranched organosilicon surfactants-poly(methyl ethoxysiloxane) with poly(ethylene glycol) groups (PMEOS-PEG). The surface-active properties of PMEOS-PEG polymers at the methyl methacrylate-water interface were thoroughly investigated. We demonstrate the successful preparation of concentrated, stable aqueous suspensions of poly(methyl methacrylate) with tunable particle sizes ranging from 370 nm to 840 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of Aminated Polyaniline/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite for Selective Dopamine Detection in Artificial Urine.","authors":"Saengrawee Sriwichai, Pimmada Thongnoppakhun","doi":"10.3390/polym17182539","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring dopamine (DA) has attracted increasing attention due to alterations in DA levels associated with brain disorders. In addition, the urinary DA concentration plays a significant role in the sympathoadrenal system. A decrease in DA can impair reward-seeking behavior and cognitive flexibility. Therefore, accurate and precise DA detection is necessary. In this study, a poly(3-aminobenzylamine)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (PABA/f-CNT) composite thin film was fabricated by electrochemical synthesis, or electropolymerization, of 3-aminobenzylamine (3-ABA) monomer and f-CNTs through cyclic voltammetry (CV) on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate, which also served as a working electrode for label-free DA detection in artificial urine. The formation of the film was confirmed by the obtained cyclic voltammogram, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The chemical components of the films were analyzed using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For label-free DA detection, various concentrations (50-1000 nM) of DA were determined in buffer solution through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The fabricated PABA/f-CNT film presented two linear ranges of 50-400 nM (R² = 0.9915) and 500-1000 nM (R² = 0.9443), with sensitivities of 1.97 and 0.95 µA·cm^-2·µM^-1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantity (LOQ) were 119.54 nM and 398.48 nM, respectively. In addition, the PABA/f-CNT film provided excellent selectivity against common interferents (ascorbic acid, uric acid, and glucose) with high stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. For potential future medical applications, DA detection was further performed in artificial urine, yielding a high percentage of recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Computational and Experimental Methods for the Rational Ecodesign and Synthesis of Functionalized Safe and Sustainable Biobased Oligoesters.","authors":"Federico Zappaterra, Anamaria Todea, Fioretta Asaro, Pasquale Fabio Alberto Ditalia, Chiara Danielli, Monia Renzi, Serena Anselmi, Lucia Gardossi","doi":"10.3390/polym17182537","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A chemical platform for post-polymerization methods was developed, starting from the ecodesign and enzymatic synthesis of safe and sustainable bio-based polyesters containing discrete units of itaconic acid. This unsaturated bio-based monomer enables the covalent linkage of molecules that can impart desired properties such as hydrophilicity, flexibility, permeability, or affinity for biological targets. Molecular descriptor-based computational methods, which are generally used for modeling the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs (ADME), were employed to predict in silico the hydrophobicity (LogP), permeability, and flexibility of virtual terpolymers composed of different polyols (1,4-butanediol, glycerol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-ethanediol) with adipic acid and itaconic acid. Itaconic acid, with its reactive vinyl group, acts as a chemical platform for various post-polymerization functionalizations. Poly(glycerol adipate itaconate) was selected because of its higher hydrophilicity and synthetized via solvent-free enzymatic polycondensation at 50 °C to prevent the isomerization or crosslinking of itaconic acid. The ecotoxicity and marine biodegradability of the resulting oligoester were assessed experimentally in order to verify its compliance with safety and sustainability criteria. Finally, the viability of the covalent linkage of biomolecules via Michael addition to the vinyl pendant of the oligoesters was verified using four molecules bearing thiol and amine nucleophilic groups: N-acetylcysteine, N-Ac-Phe-ε-Lys-OtBu, Lys-Lys-Lys, and glucosamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Egg White Protein-Chitin Nanocrystal Biocomposite Films with Enhanced Functional Properties.","authors":"Víctor Baquero-Aznar, Víctor Calvo, José Miguel González-Domínguez, Wolfgang K Maser, Ana M Benito, María Luisa Salvador, Jaime González-Buesa","doi":"10.3390/polym17182538","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to develop egg white protein (EWP) biocomposite films reinforced with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs, 1-5 wt.%) by compression molding to overcome the mechanical and barrier limitations of protein-based films for sustainable packaging. ChNC incorporation may modulate film microstructure, crystallinity, and thermal stability, thereby enhancing functional performance. Films were prepared by adding ChNCs either as aqueous suspensions or lyophilized powder, and their structural, thermal, mechanical, optical, and barrier properties were systematically evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a more homogeneous dispersion of ChNCs when added as suspensions, while powder addition promoted partial aggregation. X-ray diffraction revealed increased crystallinity with ChNC reinforcement. Mechanical tests showed that films with 2 wt.% ChNCs in suspension exhibited the highest tensile strength, whereas those with 5 wt.% in powder form became stiffer but less extensible. Oxygen permeability was not significantly affected, while water vapor permeability decreased by up to 14.5% at 2 wt.% ChNCs incorporated as powder. Transparency and color remained largely unchanged by ChNC addition, except for a slight increase in yellowness. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the incorporation method and concentration of ChNCs play a crucial role in tailoring the physicochemical performance of EWP films. The results provide new insights into the design of EWP-based nanocomposites and support their potential as bio-derived materials for advanced food packaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Threshold Voltage and Programmable Patterned Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Smart Windows.","authors":"Zhichao Ji, Zhenyuan Wang, Hongxu Jin, Xinying Cui, Meijun Liu, Tianzhen Chen, Lei Wang, Haibin Sun, Taoufik Soltani, Xinzheng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/polym17182531","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart windows hold significant potential for energy-efficient buildings and vehicles, offering a promising pathway toward carbon neutrality. However, their widespread applications are hindered by critical limitations, including high driving voltages and the inability to achieve programmable patterning or multi-region addressable control. To address these challenges, we propose a pre-orientation strategy via low-voltage electric field (5 V, 1 kHz), which optimizes liquid crystal molecular alignment during the phase separation process. Vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules in the polymer network with enlarged pore structures reduce anchoring energy barriers for LC molecular reorientation, causing a 61.2% reduction in threshold voltage (<i>V</i>_th) from 20.6 V to 8.0 V. Crucially, a programmable patterned PDLC film is successfully fabricated by utilizing cost-effective photomasks. Due to the different <i>V</i>_th of the corresponding regions, the patterned PDLC film exhibits stepwise control modes of light transmission: patterned scattering state, patterned transparent state and total transparent state, driven by incremental voltages. Our method can achieve not only energy-efficient tunable patterns for esthetic designs (e.g., logos or images) but also a scalable platform for multi-level optical modulation, which will advance PDLC technology toward low-voltage adaptive smart windows and open avenues for intelligent architectures and broadening their application scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Size on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Fluoroelastomer-Based Composites.","authors":"Santiago Maldonado-Magnere, Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram, Pablo Fuentealba, Andrónico Neira-Carrillo, Miguel A Lopez-Manchado, Hector Hernandez-Villar, Allan Bascuñan-Heredia, Mohamed Dahrouch, Héctor Aguilar-Bolados","doi":"10.3390/polym17182534","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the behavior of fluoroelastomer (FKM) compounds reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets of various sizes such as 15 μm (GN15) and 5 μm (GN5). The study evaluates the mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal, wetting, and photothermal properties of the compounds when irradiated with an 808 nm laser. The results demonstrate that the size of the graphene nanoplatelets significantly impacts the mechanical properties, with smaller sizes exhibiting a stronger reinforcing effect compared to larger nanoplatelets. Additionally, clear evidence of an influence on dynamic mechanical properties was observed, particularly through the broadening of the damping factor (tan δ) peak. This suggests modifications to the material's viscoelastic behavior. Regarding the photothermal response, it was found that smaller nanoplatelets (GN5) dispersed in the rubber matrix allow higher temperatures to be reached and thermal equilibrium to be achieved more efficiently under irradiation. Overall, the results suggest that FKM compounds containing graphene nanoplatelets can attain high temperatures with low-energy infrared irradiation. This makes them promising materials for technological applications in extreme environments, such as the Arctic, high mountains, or space, where materials with controlled thermal responses and high mechanical performance are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Research Trend to Performance Prediction: Metaheuristic-Driven Machine Learning Optimization for Cement Pastes Containing Bio-Based Phase Change Materials.","authors":"Leifa Li, Wangwen Sun, Lauren Y Gómez-Zamorano, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Wenzhen Zhang, Haoran Ma","doi":"10.3390/polym17182541","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents an integrated approach combining bibliometric analysis and machine learning to explore research trends and predict the performance of cement pastes containing bio-based phase change materials. A bibliometric review of 5928 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection was conducted using CiteSpace (v.6.3.R1) to identify research hotspots. A dataset of 100 experimental samples was compiled, including nine input variables and three output properties identified as thermal conductivity (Tc), latent heat capacity (LH) and compressive strength (CS). Four machine learning algorithms (SVR, RF, XGBoost, and CatBoost) were optimized using five metaheuristic algorithms (GA, PSO, WOA, GWO, and FFA), resulting in 24 optimized hybrid models. Of all the models considered, CatBoost-WOA achieved the best overall performance, with R² values of 0.927, 0.955, and 0.944, and RMSEs of 0.0057 W/m·K, 1.84 J/g, and 2.91 MPa for Tc, LH, and CS. Additionally, SVR-GWO and XGBoost-WOA also showed strong generalization and low error dispersion. The developed models provide a transferable and data-driven modeling pipeline for predicting the coupled thermal and mechanical behavior of cement pastes containing bio-based phase change materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphogypsum and Borogypsum as Additives for Sustainable and High-Performance 3D-Printable Concrete.","authors":"Yeşim Tarhan, Berrin Atalay","doi":"10.3390/polym17182530","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17182530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D-printable concretes often require high binder content. This study evaluates the use of industrial gypsum by-products, phosphogypsum (PG) and borogypsum (BG), as partial cement replacements to enhance sustainability without compromising printability. PG and BG were incorporated at 2.5-10 wt% to replace the gypsum fraction in cement-based mortars containing fly ash (FA) or ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), with and without fibers. The fresh properties (spread flow diameter, open time, air content, density, and pH) and compressive strength were measured. At 28 days, the highest strength was achieved with a 7.5% PG addition to the GGBS system (~51 MPa), which exceeded the strength of the GGBS control C1 (~47.6 MPa). In the FA system, 2.5% PG reached 42.5 MPa, comparable to the FA control C2 (41.2 MPa). BG caused pronounced strength penalties at ≥7.5% across both binder systems, indicating a practical BG ceiling of ≤5%. Open time increased from ~0.75 h in the controls to ~2-2.5 h in BG-FA mixes with fibers, whereas PG mixes generally maintained a stable, printable window close to control levels. Overall, adding 5-7.5% PG, particularly in the presence of GGBS, improved mechanical performance without compromising workability. However, BG should be limited to ≤5% unless extended open time is the primary objective. These findings provide quantitative guidance on selecting PG/BG dosages and FA/GGBS systems to balance strength and printability in cement-based, 3D-printable concretes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}