Polymers最新文献_第3页

Use of Natamycin for the Development of Polymer Systems with Antifungal Activity for Packaging Applications.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050686

Vincenzo Titone, Manuela Ceraulo, Francesco Lopresti, Giuliana Garofalo, Raimondo Gaglio, Maria Chiara Mistretta, Luigi Botta

{"title":"Use of Natamycin for the Development of Polymer Systems with Antifungal Activity for Packaging Applications.","authors":"Vincenzo Titone, Manuela Ceraulo, Francesco Lopresti, Giuliana Garofalo, Raimondo Gaglio, Maria Chiara Mistretta, Luigi Botta","doi":"10.3390/polym17050686","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050686","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a rapid growth in the use of biodegradable polymers as alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, particularly in the packaging sector, to reduce environmental pollution. In this scenario, the aim of this work was to study the use of different amounts of Natamycin on two polymer systems: one that is non-biodegradable but widely known in the field of packaging and one that is biodegradable and is emerging as a possible replacement, in order to accelerate progress toward the achievement of the sustainable development goals. Both systems were produced through melt mixing followed by compression moulding. Subsequently, they were fully characterized by rheological, morphological, mechanical, thermal, and wettability analyses. Natamycin release was evaluated in water at 4 °C by UV-Vis measurements. The antifungal activity of both polymeric systems containing Natamycin was assessed in vitro against three strains of undesirable filamentous fungi of food interest. The results show that PCL with 5% Natamycin represents an effective biodegradable alternative to EVA for inhibiting undesirable filamentous fungi. More specifically, both systems at 5% showed comparable inhibition zones of about 30 mm.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible and Washable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate/Polyvinyl Alcohol Fabric Dry Electrode for Long-Term Electroencephalography Signals Measurement.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050683

Fangmeng Zeng, Guanghua Wang, Chenyi Sun, Jiayi Gao, Shanqun Ji, Quanxi Zhang

{"title":"Flexible and Washable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate/Polyvinyl Alcohol Fabric Dry Electrode for Long-Term Electroencephalography Signals Measurement.","authors":"Fangmeng Zeng, Guanghua Wang, Chenyi Sun, Jiayi Gao, Shanqun Ji, Quanxi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/polym17050683","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050683","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in smart textiles have facilitated their extensive application in wearable health monitoring, particularly in brain activity measurement. This study introduces a flexible and washable fabric dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrode designed for brain activity measurement. The fabric dry electrode is constructed from electrically conductive polyester fabric with a resistivity of 0.09 Ω·cm, achieved by applying a PEDOT: PSS/PVA conductive paste coating on the textile substrate. A comparative analysis of the tensile properties between the conductive and untreated polyester fabric was conducted. The SEM images demonstrated that the PEDOT: PSS/PVA conductive polymer composite resulted in a uniform coating on the fabric surface. When enveloped in elastic foam, the fabric dry electrode maintained a low and stable electrode-skin contact impedance during prolonged EEG monitoring. Additionally, the short circuit noise level of the fabric dry electrode exhibited superior performance compared to both Ag/AgCl wet and finger dry electrode. The EEG signals acquired from the fabric dry electrode were comparable to those recorded by the Ag/AgCl wet electrode. Moreover, the fabric electrode effectively captured clear and reliable EEG signals, even after undergoing 10 washing cycles. The fabric dry electrode indicates good sweat resistance and biocompatibility during prolonged monitoring.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food-Grade Microwave-Assisted Depolymerization of Grape Seed Condensed Tannins: Optimizing the Reaction Using Gallic Acid as a Nucleophile.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050682

Carolina F Morales, Fernando A Osorio

{"title":"Food-Grade Microwave-Assisted Depolymerization of Grape Seed Condensed Tannins: Optimizing the Reaction Using Gallic Acid as a Nucleophile.","authors":"Carolina F Morales, Fernando A Osorio","doi":"10.3390/polym17050682","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050682","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste has a significant social impact but can be revalued as a source of bioactive compounds, such as condensed tannins. This abundant biomass, corresponding to a polymeric antioxidant, must be depolymerized to become bioavailable. Previous studies have investigated polymer degradation into oligomers using high temperatures and expensive nucleophiles, often under conditions unsuitable for food applications. In the present investigation, it is proposed that the depolymerization of condensed tannins can occur under food-grade conditions using a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvent by optimizing the reaction's heating method with microwave assistance and using gallic acid as a nucleophile. Thermal studies indicate that the degradation of total polyphenols content follows first-order kinetics and occurs above 80 °C in microwave. Depolymerization follows second-order kinetics, yielding epicatechin as the primary product with zero-order formation kinetics. The optimized factors were 80% v/v ethanol, 10 mg/mL polymeric tannins, and 5.88 mg/mL gallic acid. Under these conditions, the reaction efficiency was 99.9%, the mean particle diameter was 5.7 nm, the total polyphenols content was 297.3 ± 15.9 EAG mg/g, and the inhibition of ABTS●+ and DPPH● radicals was 93.5 ± 0.9% and 88.2 ± 1.5%, respectively. These results are promising for future scaling processes.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface Modification of Organic Chromium-Free Tanned Leather Shavings and the Immobilization of Lipase.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050688

Dongyan Hao, Xuechuan Wang, Jiajia Shi, Zhisheng Wang, Xing Zhu

引用次数: 0

Biopolymer-Based Microencapsulation of Procyanidins from Litchi Peel and Coffee Pulp: Characterization, Bioactivity Preservation, and Stability During Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050687

María de Los Ángeles Vázquez-Nuñez, Nuria E Rocha-Guzmán, Pedro Aguilar-Zárate, Romeo Rojas, Guillermo Cristian G Martínez-Ávila, Abigail Reyes, Mariela R Michel

{"title":"Biopolymer-Based Microencapsulation of Procyanidins from Litchi Peel and Coffee Pulp: Characterization, Bioactivity Preservation, and Stability During Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.","authors":"María de Los Ángeles Vázquez-Nuñez, Nuria E Rocha-Guzmán, Pedro Aguilar-Zárate, Romeo Rojas, Guillermo Cristian G Martínez-Ávila, Abigail Reyes, Mariela R Michel","doi":"10.3390/polym17050687","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050687","url":null,"abstract":"The need for encapsulation processes in compounds such as procyanidins (PCs) is related to their functional stability, which may limit their application in functional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestion of microencapsulated PCs from litchi peel and coffee pulp to determine concentration changes and antioxidant activity. The PCs were extracted, purified, encapsulated, and subjected to in vitro digestion and absorption. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and PCs were characterized by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QqQ, identifying 27 compounds, including PCs with mean degrees of polymerization (mDP) of 1.2 and 1.7 for lychee and coffee. It was shown that the concentrations of encapsulated PCs were adequately retained during digestion (94.81 ± 4.83 and 90.74 ± 1.77%, lychee and coffee, respectively), with variation in their antioxidant capacity (68.33 ± 2.89 and 77.07 ± 4.59%); however, they showed better results than in their free form. Additionally, litchi PCs showed a higher absorption rate (100%) than coffee PCs (60%). These results allowed us to determine that encapsulation preserves the properties of the PCs and provides better conservation percentages than other studies, which could be a valuable addition to the functional ingredients market, offering greater value to these by-products.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid and Efficient Polymer/Contaminant Removal from Single-Layer Graphene via Aqueous Sodium Nitrite Rinsing for Enhanced Electronic Applications.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050689

Kimin Lee, Juneyoung Kil, JaeWoo Park, Sui Yang, Byoungchoo Park

{"title":"Rapid and Efficient Polymer/Contaminant Removal from Single-Layer Graphene via Aqueous Sodium Nitrite Rinsing for Enhanced Electronic Applications.","authors":"Kimin Lee, Juneyoung Kil, JaeWoo Park, Sui Yang, Byoungchoo Park","doi":"10.3390/polym17050689","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050689","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of surface residues from single-layer graphene (SLG), including poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers and Cl- ions, during the transfer process remains a significant challenge with regard to preserving the intrinsic properties of SLG, with the process often leading to unintended doping and reduced electronic performance capabilities. This study presents a rapid and efficient surface treatment method that relies on an aqueous sodium nitrite (NaNO2) solution to remove such contaminants effectively. The NaNO2 solution rinse leverages reactive nitric oxide (NO) species to neutralize ionic contaminants (e.g., Cl-) and partially oxidize polymer residues in less than 10 min, thereby facilitating a more thorough final cleaning while preserving the intrinsic properties of graphene. Characterization techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), demonstrated substantial reductions in the levels of surface residues. The treatment restored the work function of the SLG to approximately 4.79 eV, close to that of pristine graphene (~4.5-4.8 eV), compared to the value of nearly 5.09 eV for conventional SLG samples treated with deionized (DI) water. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the reduced doping effects and improved structural integrity of the rinsed SLG. This effective rinsing process enhances the reproducibility and performance of SLG, enabling its integration into advanced electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaic (PV) cells, and transistors. Furthermore, the technique is broadly applicable to other two-dimensional (2D) materials, paving the way for next-generation (opto)electronic technologies.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of 3-Iodo-2-propargyl-butyl-carbamate-Loaded Microcapsules for Long-Term Mold Resistance in Bamboo.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050679

Gege Bao, Lu He, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xi Yu, Jingpeng Li, Daochun Qin

{"title":"Preparation of 3-Iodo-2-propargyl-butyl-carbamate-Loaded Microcapsules for Long-Term Mold Resistance in Bamboo.","authors":"Gege Bao, Lu He, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xi Yu, Jingpeng Li, Daochun Qin","doi":"10.3390/polym17050679","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050679","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo, recognized as a nutrient-dense biomass material, exhibits a high susceptibility to mold infestations, which can result in discoloration and a notable decrease in longevity, thereby posing potential health risks to humans. In this study, melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) was utilized to load 3-iodo-2-propargyl-butyl-carbamate (IPBC) via in situ polymerization, resulting in the preparation of microcapsules suitable for anti-mold protection of bamboo. The mold resistance of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Penicillium citrinum were evaluated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) were used to characterize and analyze the formation process, surface morphology, structural composition, and thermal stability of the microcapsules. The effects of different surfactants (Span 80, Tween 80, SDBS, SDS, GA) on the microscopic morphology of the anti-mold microcapsules were investigated. The results show that microcapsules prepared with Tween 80 as the surfactant exhibited good mold resistance. After coating MFR with IPBC, the drug loading of I-MFR is 20%, with an encapsulation efficiency of 80%, demonstrating excellent anti-mold performance. The microcapsules show favorable anti-mold performance and have broad application prospects in bamboo protection.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissipative Particle Dynamics: Simulation of Chitosan-Citral Microcapsules.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050678

Wensheng Wu, Zhiwei Li, Dachun Feng, Qing Tang, Shuijiao Liu, Wenjing Lin

引用次数: 0

Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyamide 12 and Its Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050677

Catalin Fetecau, Felicia Stan, Doina Boazu

{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyamide 12 and Its Fiber-Reinforced Composites.","authors":"Catalin Fetecau, Felicia Stan, Doina Boazu","doi":"10.3390/polym17050677","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050677","url":null,"abstract":"Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has recently emerged as a sustainable digital manufacturing technology to fabricate polymer composite parts with complex structures and minimal waste. However, FFF-printed composite parts frequently exhibit heterogeneous structures with low mechanical properties. To manufacture high-end parts with good mechanical properties, advanced predictive tools are required. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polyamide 12 (PA) and carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PA composites. Tensile samples were fabricated by FFF, considering two input parameters, such as printing orientation and infill density, and tested to determine the mechanical properties. Then, single- and multi-target ANN models were trained using the forward propagation Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Post-training performance analysis indicated that the ANN models work efficiently and accurately in predicting Young's modulus and tensile strength of the 3D-printed PA and fiber-reinforced PA composites, with most relative errors being far less than 5%. In terms of mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus and tensile strength, the 3D-printed composites outperform the unreinforced PA. Printing PA composites with 0° orientation and 100% infill density results in a maximum increase in Young's modulus (up to 98% for CF/PA and 32% for GF/PA) and tensile strength (up to 36% for CF/PA and 18% for GF/PA) compared to the unreinforced PA. This study underscores the potential of the ANN models to predict the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts, enhancing the use of 3D-printed PA composite components in structural applications.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biofilm Formation on Three High-Performance Polymeric CAD/CAM Composites: An In Vitro Study.

IF 4.7 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050676

Sarah Almuhayya, Reema Alshahrani, Rehaf Alsania, Alhanoof Albassam, Hammad Alnemari, Rua Babaier

{"title":"Biofilm Formation on Three High-Performance Polymeric CAD/CAM Composites: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Sarah Almuhayya, Reema Alshahrani, Rehaf Alsania, Alhanoof Albassam, Hammad Alnemari, Rua Babaier","doi":"10.3390/polym17050676","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17050676","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforced polymeric materials are investigated as novel non-metal alternatives for prosthetic frameworks. This study examined the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to three high-performance polymeric (HPP) composites focusing on their microstructural composition, wettability, and surface roughness. Three CAD/CAM HPP composites [two fiber-reinforced composites, CarboCad (CC) and TRINIA (TR), and one ceramic-reinforced polyether ether ketone, DentoPEEK (PK)], were sectioned into ten beam- and ten plate-shaped specimens from each material. Surface properties (n = 10) were analyzed by water wettability and roughness measurements (Ra and Rz). The biofilm adherence was determined by calculating the number of S. mutans through colony-forming units (CFUs). Representative images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using Welch one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 post hoc tests. The results showed significant differences in roughness (Ra) across the materials, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: TR, 0.231 µm; CC, 0.194 µm; and PK, 0.161 µm (p = 0.0001). The contact angle averages varied from 51.36° to 91.03°, with PK exhibiting the highest wettability (p = 0.0012). However, S. mutans adherence was markedly reduced in PK (1.96 CFU/mm2, p = 0.0001) in comparison to TR and CC (2.86 and 2.98 CFU/mm2, respectively). Consequently, the fiber-reinforced composites (CC and TR), despite their low wettability, exhibited greater susceptibility for bacterial adherence than the smoother and more wettable PK, highlighting the substantial impact of their surface roughness and microstructural variability.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0