Polymers最新文献_第3页

Evolution of Microplastics Released from Tea Bags into Water. 微塑料从茶包释放到水中的演变。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192700

Alexander A Yaroslavov, Anna A Efimova, Tatyana E Grokhovskaya, Anastasiia G Badikova, Vasily V Spiridonov, Denis V Pozdyshev, Sergey V Lyulin, Jose M Kenny

{"title":"Evolution of Microplastics Released from Tea Bags into Water.","authors":"Alexander A Yaroslavov, Anna A Efimova, Tatyana E Grokhovskaya, Anastasiia G Badikova, Vasily V Spiridonov, Denis V Pozdyshev, Sergey V Lyulin, Jose M Kenny","doi":"10.3390/polym17192700","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192700","url":null,"abstract":"Eight different types of tea bags were investigated in this work using dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility and nanoparticle tracking analysis methods to determine the concentration and size of released particles from the bag materials at different temperatures and times. Infrared spectroscopy and calorimetric methods confirmed that the bag material consisted of synthetic (nylon or polypropylene) or natural polymers (cellulose). The size of the released particles lies in the range of 200 nm-1 µm with an initial bimodal distribution and with an average diameter of about 600 nm. The concentration of released particles increases with increasing temperature and brewing time. The released particles of synthetic polymers remain quite stable and are not affected by natural enzymes, while cellulose particles are easily degraded by the proteolytic complex Morikrase. When analyzing the electrophoretic mobility, it was found that the released particles have a negative surface charge, which probably determines the absence of cytotoxicity established on the epithelial cell line Caco-2 even at the maximum values of the observed particle concentrations (14 × 109 particle/L for synthetic polymers and 170 × 109 particle/L for cellulose).","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrospray Beta-Glucan Particle Coated PVP/CA Electrospun Mat as a Potential Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration. 电喷雾β -葡聚糖颗粒包覆PVP/CA静电纺垫作为牙组织再生的潜在支架。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192693

Thanutham Somboonchokephisal, Pratchaya Tipduangta, Sarawut Kumphune, Tanida Srisuwan

{"title":"Electrospray Beta-Glucan Particle Coated PVP/CA Electrospun Mat as a Potential Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration.","authors":"Thanutham Somboonchokephisal, Pratchaya Tipduangta, Sarawut Kumphune, Tanida Srisuwan","doi":"10.3390/polym17192693","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192693","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a promising treatment for immature teeth with pulpal necrosis. However, the outcomes remain unpredictable, partly due to scaffold limitations. Beta-glucan (BG), a bioactive polysaccharide with regenerative properties, may enhance scaffold performance. This study aimed to fabricate BG-coated polyvinylpyrrolidone/cellulose acetate (PVP/CA) electrospun scaffolds and evaluate their physicochemical properties and cell attachment. Electrospun scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning a 10% w/v PVP/CA (70:30) solution in acetone and N,N-dimethylacetamide (2:1) (PC). BG (8% w/v in 1 M NaOH) was electrosprayed onto the scaffold at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL volumes, generating PC-BG01, PC-BG02, and PC-BG04, respectively. Scaffold characterization included SEM, FTIR, BG enzymatic assay, water absorbance, degradation, and cell adhesion assays. SEM images of the scaffolds exhibited smooth cylindrical fibers (547.3-585.9 nm diameter) with high porosity (42.37-49.91%). BG particles were confirmed by elemental analysis and BG enzymatic assay. At 28 days, the PC group showed significant fiber diameter and porosity reduction. BG particle degradation was observed at 14 and 28 days. Notably, BG-coated scaffolds significantly enhanced initial apical papilla cell adhesion at 1 and 24 h. These findings highlight the potential of BG-coated scaffolds as bioactive scaffolds for REPs.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Post-Washing Time and Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Additively Manufactured Permanent Dental Resin Material. 洗后时间和构建方向对增材制造永久性牙用树脂材料力学性能和生物相容性的影响。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192694

Pei-Wen Peng, Jia-Syuan Chou, Le-Xin Chen, Po-En Chuang, Hidekazu Takahashi, Min-Chieh Hsieh, Wei-Fang Lee

{"title":"Influence of Post-Washing Time and Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Additively Manufactured Permanent Dental Resin Material.","authors":"Pei-Wen Peng, Jia-Syuan Chou, Le-Xin Chen, Po-En Chuang, Hidekazu Takahashi, Min-Chieh Hsieh, Wei-Fang Lee","doi":"10.3390/polym17192694","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192694","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Digital light processing (DLP) is widely used in permanent dental restorations for its precision and efficiency, yet the effects of build orientation and post-washing time on resin properties remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the factors that impact the performance and biocompatibility of DLP-printed dental resins.Methods: Specimens were additively manufactured using permanent dental resin at 0°, 15°, and 90° orientations and post-washed for 90, 120, or 150 s. Evaluated properties included dimensional accuracy, hardness, flexural strength and modulus, degree of conversion, water sorption/solubility, and cytotoxicity.Results: Build orientation and post-washing time significantly affected dimensional accuracy, with thickness showing the least deviation. Flexural strength (p < 0.001) and modulus (p < 0.01) were highest at the 0° orientation. Post-washing for 90 s led to the greatest water absorption, while solubility remained unaffected. Cell viability increased with longer post-washing times, peaking at 150 s, with significant effects observed on days 5 and 7 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Build orientation significantly affected dimensional accuracy and flexural strength, while post-washing time had minimal impact on physical properties. Notably, extended post-washing improved cell viability and reduced cytotoxicity, indicating its potential to enhance the clinical biocompatibility of DLP-fabricated dental resin.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas via Biomass-Methane Co-Pyrolysis: Thermodynamic Analysis. 生物质-甲烷共热解生产富氢合成气：热力学分析。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192695

Haiyan Guo, Zhiling Wang, Kang Kang, Dongbing Li

{"title":"Production of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas via Biomass-Methane Co-Pyrolysis: Thermodynamic Analysis.","authors":"Haiyan Guo, Zhiling Wang, Kang Kang, Dongbing Li","doi":"10.3390/polym17192695","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192695","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of hydrogen-rich syngas production via biomass-methane co-pyrolysis, employing the Gibbs free energy minimization method. A critical temperature threshold at 700 °C is identified, below which methanation and carbon deposition are thermodynamically favored, and above which cracking and reforming reactions dominate, enabling high-purity syngas generation. Methane addition shifts the reaction pathway towards increased reduction, significantly enhancing carbon and H2 yields while limiting CO and CO2 emissions. At 1200 °C and a 1:1 methane-to-biomass ratio, cellulose produces 50.84 mol C/kg, 119.69 mol H2/kg, and 30.65 mol CO/kg; lignin yields 78.16 mol C/kg, 117.69 mol H2/kg, and 19.14 mol CO/kg. The H2/CO ratio rises to 3.90 for cellulose and 6.15 for lignin, with energy contents reaching 43.16 MJ/kg and 52.91 MJ/kg, respectively. Notably, biomass enhances methane conversion from 25% to over 53% while sustaining a 67% H2 selectivity. These findings demonstrate that syngas composition and energy content can be precisely controlled via methane co-feeding ratio and temperature, offering a promising approach for sustainable, tunable syngas production.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Progress on the Characterization of Polymer Crystallization by Atomic Force Microscopy. 原子力显微镜表征聚合物结晶的研究进展。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192692

Shen Chen, Min Chen, Hanying Li

{"title":"Recent Progress on the Characterization of Polymer Crystallization by Atomic Force Microscopy.","authors":"Shen Chen, Min Chen, Hanying Li","doi":"10.3390/polym17192692","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192692","url":null,"abstract":"The crystallization behavior of polymers affects the structure of aggregated states, which influences the properties of materials. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a helpful characterization tool with high spatial resolution at the nanometer-to-micrometer scale and low-destruction imaging capabilities, making it an important means of studying polymer crystallography. This review is intended for scientists in polymer materials and physics, aiming to inspire how the rich applications of AFM can be harnessed to address fundamental scientific questions in polymer crystallization. This paper reviews recent advances in polymer crystallization characterization based on AFM, focusing on its applications in visualizing hierarchical polymer crystal structures (single crystals, spherulites, dendritic crystals, and shish kebab crystals), investigating crystallization kinetics (in situ monitoring of crystal growth), and analyzing structure-property relationships (structural changes under temperature and stress). Finally, we introduce the application of the latest AFM technology in addressing key issues in polymer crystallization, such as single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR). As AFM technology advances toward higher precision, greater efficiency, and increased functionality, it is expected to deliver more exciting developments in the field of polymer crystallization.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of 3D-Printed Glass Fiber-Filled and Calcium Carbonate-Filled Polypropylene Components for Surgical Planning. 3d打印玻璃纤维填充和碳酸钙填充聚丙烯手术计划组件的特性。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192684

Núria Adell-Gómez, Irene Buj-Corral, Miquel Domingo-Espin, Jordi Llumà, J Antonio Travieso-Rodríguez, Josep Rubio-Palau, César García-Fontecha, Alejandro Domínguez-Fernández, Arnau Valls-Esteve

引用次数: 0

Design of Residual Stress-Balanced Transferable Encapsulation Platform Using Urethane-Based Polymer Superstrate for Reliable Wearable Electronics. 用于可靠可穿戴电子产品的残余应力平衡可转移性聚氨酯基覆层封装平台设计。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192688

Sung-Hun Jo, Donghwan Kim, Chaewon Park, Eun Gyo Jeong

{"title":"Design of Residual Stress-Balanced Transferable Encapsulation Platform Using Urethane-Based Polymer Superstrate for Reliable Wearable Electronics.","authors":"Sung-Hun Jo, Donghwan Kim, Chaewon Park, Eun Gyo Jeong","doi":"10.3390/polym17192688","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192688","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable and skin-mounted electronics demand encapsulation designs that simultaneously provide strong barrier performance, mechanical reliability, and transferability under ultrathin conditions. In this study, a residual stress-balanced transferable encapsulation platform was developed by integrating a urethane-based copolymer superstrate [p(IEM-co-HEMA)] with inorganic thin films. The polymer, deposited via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), offered over 90% optical transmittance, low RMS roughness (1-3 nm), and excellent solvent resistance, providing a stable base for inorganic barrier integration. An ALD Al2O3/ZnO nano-stratified barrier initially delivered effective moisture blocking, but tensile stress accumulation imposed a critical thickness of 30 nm, where the WVTR plateaued at ~2.5 × 10-4 g/m2/day. To overcome this limitation, a 40 nm e-beam SiO2 capping layer was added, introducing compressive stress via atomic peening and stabilizing Al2O3 interfaces through Si-O-Al bonding. This stress-balanced design doubled the critical thickness to 60 nm and reduced the WVTR to 3.75 × 10-5 g/m2/day, representing an order-of-magnitude improvement. OLEDs fabricated on this ultrathin platform preserved J-V-L characteristics and efficiency (~4.5-5.0 cd/A) after water-assisted transfer and on-skin deformation, while maintaining LT80 lifetimes of 140-190 h at 400 cd/m2 and stable emission for over 20 days in ambient storage. These results demonstrate that the stress-balanced encapsulation platform provides a practical route to meet the durability and reliability requirements of next-generation wearable optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PVA- Bentonite-Water Coatings: Experimental and Simulation Studies. 聚乙烯醇-膨润土-水涂料：实验与模拟研究。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192689

Sarojini Verma, George D Verros, Raj Kumar Arya

{"title":"PVA- Bentonite-Water Coatings: Experimental and Simulation Studies.","authors":"Sarojini Verma, George D Verros, Raj Kumar Arya","doi":"10.3390/polym17192689","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192689","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the drying kinetics and film formation behavior of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based and PVA-bentonite composite coatings with initial thicknesses of approximately 2500 µm and 2000 µm. Four coating formulations were investigated, varying in PVA concentration and presence of bentonite as an inorganic filler. The drying process was monitored through changes in solid concentration, residual solvent content, and film thickness over time. Results revealed that coatings with higher PVA content exhibit slower drying rates, due to the transition from evaporation-controlled to diffusion-limited mechanisms, attributed to polymer densification and reduced solvent diffusivity. In contrast, coatings incorporating bentonite dried more rapidly despite their similar or higher total solids content, indicating a beneficial role of bentonite in facilitating moisture transport. Thinner coatings demonstrated faster drying but retained the characteristic mechanistic transitions observed in thicker films. A simple realistic model to simulate the drying rate was also proposed. Overall, the study highlights the significant influence of formulation variables on drying behavior and final film properties, offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of waterborne coatings in industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12527003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cassava Starch-Onion Peel Powder Biocomposite Films: Functional, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties for Biodegradable Packaging. 木薯淀粉-洋葱皮粉末生物复合薄膜：生物可降解包装的功能、机械和阻隔性能。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192690

Assala Torche, Toufik Chouana, Soufiane Bensalem, Meyada Khaled, Fares Mohammed Laid Rekbi, Elyes Kelai, Şükran Aşgın Uzun, Furkan Türker Sarıcaoğlu, Maria D'Elia, Luca Rastrelli

{"title":"Cassava Starch-Onion Peel Powder Biocomposite Films: Functional, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties for Biodegradable Packaging.","authors":"Assala Torche, Toufik Chouana, Soufiane Bensalem, Meyada Khaled, Fares Mohammed Laid Rekbi, Elyes Kelai, Şükran Aşgın Uzun, Furkan Türker Sarıcaoğlu, Maria D'Elia, Luca Rastrelli","doi":"10.3390/polym17192690","DOIUrl":"10.3390/polym17192690","url":null,"abstract":"This study valorizes onion peel, an agro-industrial by-product rich in phenolic compounds and structural carbohydrates, for the development of cassava starch-based biodegradable films. The films were prepared using the solution casting method; a cassava starch matrix was mixed with a 2.5% glycerol solution and heated to 85 °C for 30 min. A separate solution of onion peel powder (OPP) in distilled water was prepared at 25 °C. The two solutions were then combined and stirred for an additional 2 min before 25 mL of the final mixture was cast to form the films. Onion peel powder (OPP) incorporation produced darker and more opaque films, suitable for packaging light-sensitive foods. Film thickness increased with OPP content (0.138-0.218 mm), while moisture content (19.2-32.6%) and solubility (24.0-25.2%) decreased. Conversely, water vapor permeability (WVP) significantly increased (1.69 × 10-9-2.77 × 10-9 g·m-1·s-1·Pa-1; p < 0.0001), reflecting the hydrophilic nature of OPP. Thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) indicated stability up to 245 °C, supporting applications as food coatings. Morphological analysis (SEM) revealed OPP microparticles embedded in the starch matrix, with FTIR and XRD suggesting electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions. Mechanically, tensile strength improved (up to 2.71 MPa) while elongation decreased (14.1%), indicating stronger but less flexible films. Biodegradability assays showed slightly reduced degradation (29.0-31.8%) compared with the control (38.4%), likely due to antimicrobial phenolics inhibiting soil microbiota. Overall, OPP and cassava starch represent low-cost, abundant raw materials for the formulation of functional biopolymer films with potential in sustainable food packaging.","PeriodicalId":20416,"journal":{"name":"Polymers","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12526698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Rock Crystal Addition on the Properties of Silicone Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives. 添加冰晶对硅酮压敏胶性能的影响。

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/polym17192687

Adrian Krzysztof Antosik, Marcin Bartkowiak

引用次数: 0