{"title":"Conjugates of 3-phenyllactic acid and tryptophan enhance root-promoting activity without adverse effects in <i>Vigna angularis</i>.","authors":"Yuko Maki, Hiroshi Soejima, Tamizi Sugiyama, Takeo Sato, Junji Yamaguchi, Masaaki K Watahiki","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1217a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1217a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) is a common secondary product of <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp. and promotes adventitious-root formation in Azuki beans (<i>Vigna angularis</i>). Root promotion activity of PLA is synergistically enhanced by tryptophan (Trp). In this study, stereoisomers of PLA and Trp amide conjugates and their alkyl esters were synthesized to investigate the structure-activity relationships on root-promotion activity. The rooting activity of D-PLA-L-Trp conjugate shows more than 40 times higher than that of the mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. Modification of PLA-Trp with ethyl ester showed the highest activity at 3,400 times of a mixture of D-PLA and L-Trp. However, L-or D-PLA-D-Trp conjugate and the isopropyl ester of PLA-Trp conjugates, both lost the root promotion activity and implicated that a requirement for steric structure for PLA related root promotion mechanism. Unlike auxin substances, which are commonly used as rooting agents that displayed high activity in low concentrations, PLA-Trp ethyl ester exhibited far less phytotoxicity at high concentration of 1 mM, despite its high rooting activity. Innovation of PLA-Trp ethyl ester may be expected for agricultural aspects with low environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300432/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-2-21.1217a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40593581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1113a
Miyako Kato, Hitoshi Watanabe, Yoichiro Hoshino
{"title":"Evaluation of pollen tube growth ability in <i>Petunia</i> species having different style lengths.","authors":"Miyako Kato, Hitoshi Watanabe, Yoichiro Hoshino","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1113a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1113a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollen tube growth is essential for the fertilization process in angiosperms. When pollen grains arrive on the stigma, they germinate, and the pollen tubes elongate through the styles of the pistils to deliver sperm cells into the ovules to produce the seeds. The relationship between the growth rate and style length remains unclear. In previous studies, we developed a liquid pollen germination medium for observing pollen tube growth. In this study, using this medium, we examined the pollen tube growth ability in <i>Petunia axillaris</i> subsp. <i>axillaris</i>, <i>P. axillaris</i> subsp. <i>parodii</i>, <i>P. integrifolia</i>, and <i>P. occidentalis</i>, which have different style lengths. <i>Petunia occidentalis</i> had the longest pollen tubes after 6 h of culture but had a relatively shorter style. Conversely, the pollination experiments revealed that <i>P. axillaris</i> subsp. <i>parodii</i>, which had the longest style, produced the longest pollen tubes in vivo. The results revealed no clear relationship between the style lengths and the growth rate of pollen tubes in vitro. Interspecific pollinations indicated that the styles affected pollen tube growth. We concluded that, in vitro, the pollen tubes grow without being affected by the styles, whereas, in vivo, the styles significantly affected pollen tube growth. Furthermore, interspecific pollination experiments implied that the pollen tube growth tended to be suppressed in the styles of self-incompatibility species. Finally, we discussed the pollen tube growth ability in relation to style lengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300434/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-2-21.1113a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40608666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312b
Ana Maria Huerta-Olalde, Alejandra Hernández-García, Rodolfo López-Gómez, Sylvia Patricia Fernández-Pavía, María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo, Rafael Salgado-Garciglia
{"title":"In vitro selection of blackberry (<i>Rubus fruticosus</i> 'Tupy') plants resistant to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> using gamma ray-irradiated shoot tips.","authors":"Ana Maria Huerta-Olalde, Alejandra Hernández-García, Rodolfo López-Gómez, Sylvia Patricia Fernández-Pavía, María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo, Rafael Salgado-Garciglia","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blackberry is an economically important crop in Mexico, and its yield is substantially reduced by gray mold, a disease caused by <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. One of the means to obtain <i>B. cinerea</i>-resistant plants is gamma irradiation. Shoot tips of in vitro-micropropagated blackberry plants (<i>Rubus fruticosus</i> 'Tupy') were irradiated with five doses of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 Gy) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing 1.0 mg l<sup>-1</sup> benzylaminopurine and 0.06 mg l<sup>-1</sup> indole-3-butyric acid (MSB medium). After 28 days of culture, survival was evaluated to determine mean lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>), and 200 shoots were further irradiated at the determined LD<sub>50</sub> (30.8 Gy). After 28 days, the surviving shoots were micropropagated on MSB medium for 60 days. Non-irradiated shoots were screened for the in vitro selection of resistant <i>B. cinerea</i>, exposing them to different concentrations of sterile culture filtrate of <i>B. cinerea</i> (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g l<sup>-1</sup>) for 28 days to determine mean lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>), and the irradiated surviving shoots were further exposed to the determined LC<sub>50</sub> (4.6 g l<sup>-1</sup>). Three surviving lines (rfgum5, rfgum6, and rfgum17) that did not present changes compared with the control shoots were micropropagated to obtain plantlets, which were further subjected to in vitro resistance assays using detached leaves inoculated with <i>B. cinerea</i> (1×10<sup>3</sup> spores ml<sup>-1</sup>). Plants of rfgum5 and rfgum6 mutant lines were highly resistant and presented similar growth to control plants. Therefore, this methodology is useful to obtain <i>B. cinerea</i>-resistant blackberry plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300433/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-2-22.0312b.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40593583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1224b
Akira Iwase, Arika Takebayashi, Yuki Aoi, David S. Favero, Shunsuke Watanabe, M. Seo, Hiroyuki Kasahara, K. Sugimoto
{"title":"4-Phenylbutyric acid promotes plant regeneration as an auxin by being converted to phenylacetic acid via an IBR3-independent pathway.","authors":"Akira Iwase, Arika Takebayashi, Yuki Aoi, David S. Favero, Shunsuke Watanabe, M. Seo, Hiroyuki Kasahara, K. Sugimoto","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1224b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1224b","url":null,"abstract":"4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is utilized as a drug to treat urea cycle disorders and is also being studied as a potential anticancer drug that acts via its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activity. During a search to find small molecules that affect plant regeneration in Arabidopsis, we found that 4PBA treatment promotes this process by mimicking the effect of exogenous auxin. Specifically, plant tissue culture experiments revealed that a medium containing 4PBA enhances callus formation and subsequent shoot regeneration. Analyses with auxin-responsive or cytokinin-responsive marker lines demonstrated that 4PBA specifically enhances AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)-dependent auxin responses. Our western blot analyses showed that 4PBA treatment does not enhance histone acetylation in Arabidopsis, in contrast to butyric acid and trichostatin A, other chemicals often used as HDAC inhibitors, suggesting this mechanism of action does not explain the observed effect of 4PBA on regeneration. Finally, mass spectroscopic analysis and genetic approaches uncovered that 4PBA in Arabidopsis plants is converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), a known natural auxin, in a manner independent of peroxisomal IBR3-related β-oxidation. This study demonstrates that 4PBA application promotes regeneration in explants via its auxin activity and has potential applications to not only plant tissue culture engineering but also research on the plant β-oxidation pathway.","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41547470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migration of prospindle before the first asymmetric division in germinating spore of <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>.","authors":"Yuuki Sakai, Takumi Higaki, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Ryuichi Nishihama, Takayuki Kohchi, Seiichiro Hasezawa","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1217b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1217b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of the plant body starts with spore germination in bryophytes. In many cases, the first division of the spore occurs after germination and cell elongation of the spore. In <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>, asymmetric division occurs upon spore germination to generate two daughter cells: the larger one retains the ability to divide and develops into the thallus via sporeling or protonema, while the smaller one maintains tip growth and differentiates into the first rhizoid, providing a scaffold for initial development. Although spore germination of <i>M. polymorpha</i> was described in the 19th century, the intracellular processes of the first asymmetric division of the spore have not been well characterized. In this study, we used live-cell imaging analyses to elucidate microtubule dynamics during the first asymmetric division concomitantly with germination. In particular, we demonstrated that the preprophase band was not formed in the spore and that the bipolar prospindle, which is a microtubule structure surrounding the nucleus during prophase, migrated from the center to the periphery in the spore, suggesting that it was the earliest visible sign of cell polarity. We also showed that the occurrence of asymmetric division depended on actin filaments. Our findings regarding the first division of the spore in <i>M. polymorpha</i> will lead to a better model for cell-autonomous asymmetric division in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200083/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-1-21.1217b.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1103a
Naoki Takahashi, Masaaki Umeda
{"title":"Brassinosteroids are required for efficient root tip regeneration in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.","authors":"Naoki Takahashi, Masaaki Umeda","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1103a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1103a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared with other organisms, plants have an extraordinary capacity for self-repair. Even if the entire tissues, including the stem cells, are resected, most plant species are able to completely regenerate whole tissues. However, the mechanism by which plants efficiently regenerate the stem cell niche during tissue reorganization is still largely unknown. Here, we found that the signaling mediated by plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids is activated during stem cell formation after root tip excision in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Treatment with brassinazole, an inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis, delayed the recovery of stem cell niche after root tip excision. Regeneration of root tip after resection was also delayed in a brassinosteroid receptor mutant. Therefore, we propose that brassinosteroids participate in efficient root tip regeneration, thereby enabling efficient tissue regeneration to ensure continuous root growth after resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200090/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-1-21.1103a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40594322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of the auxin biosynthetic genes <i>YUCCA1</i> and <i>YUCCA4</i> is dependent on the boundary regulators <i>CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON</i> genes in the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> embryo.","authors":"Mizuki Yamada, Shunsuke Tanaka, Tatsuya Miyazaki, Mitsuhiro Aida","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0924a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0924a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During embryogenesis of eudicots, the apical region of the embryo develops two cotyledon primordia and the shoot meristem. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, this process is dependent on the functionally redundant activities of the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) transcription factors, namely CUC1, CUC2, and CUC3, as well as the phytohormone auxin. However, the relationship between the CUC proteins and auxin has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined whether the expression of auxin biosynthetic genes is dependent on <i>CUC</i> gene activities. Comprehensive quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the main auxin biosynthetic gene families of <i>TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1</i>/<i>TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED</i> and <i>YUCCA</i> (<i>YUC</i>) showed that <i>YUC1</i> and <i>YUC4</i> expression levels were lower in <i>cuc</i> double mutant embryos than the expression levels of these genes in wild type embryos. Reporter analysis also revealed that the expression of <i>YUC1</i> and <i>YUC4</i> in the cotyledon boundary region was reduced in <i>cuc</i> double mutant embryos. In contrast, the loss of function mutation in the <i>SHOOT MERISTEMLESS</i> gene, a shoot stem cell regulator that acts downstream of the <i>CUC</i> genes, did not markedly affect <i>YUC1</i> expression levels. These results demonstrate that <i>CUC</i> genes play an important role in the regulation of auxin biosynthetic gene expression during embryogenesis; furthermore, they raise the possibility that the auxin produced by this regulation contributes to cotyledon boundary development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200086/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-1-21.0924a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40594326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A glycogen synthase kinase 3-like kinase MpGSK regulates cell differentiation in <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>.","authors":"Tomoyuki Furuya, Ryuichi Nishihama, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Takayuki Kohchi, Hiroo Fukuda, Yuki Kondo","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1219a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1219a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants precisely coordinate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation to ensure the continuous development. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, members of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family, which are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases among eukaryotes, play important roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation during various developmental processes. However, functional roles of GSK3s in the plant lineages except angiosperms remain to be elucidated. Here, we utilized a model liverwort, <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>, for studies of GSK3, because it has a single GSK3-like kinase, MpGSK. When <i>M. polymorpha</i> was treated with a chemical compound, bikinin, which is known as a specific inhibitor for GSK3-like kinases, growth and morphologies were altered with an expansion of the meristematic region. Similarly, Mp<i>gsk</i> loss-of-function mutants accumulated undifferentiated cell mass with no differentiated tissues. By contrast, overexpression of Mp<i>GSK</i> reduced the size of the meristem region. These results suggest that MpGSK plays important roles as a regulator for the balance between cell differentiation and proliferation in <i>M. polymorpha</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200085/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-1-21.1219a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40594328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of shoot regeneration by treatment with inhibitors of auxin biosynthesis and transport during callus induction in tissue culture of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","authors":"Iwai Ohbayashi, Yuki Sakamoto, Hitomi Kuwae, Hiroyuki Kasahara, Munetaka Sugiyama","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1225a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1225a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two-step culture systems for efficient shoot regeneration, explants are first cultured on auxin-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM), where cells are activated to proliferate and form calli containing root-apical meristem (RAM)-type stem cells and stem cell niche, and then cultured on cytokinin-rich shoot-inducing medium (SIM), where stem cells and stem cell niche of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) are established eventually leading to shoot regeneration. In the present study, we examined the effects of inhibitors of auxin biosynthesis and polar transport in the two-step shoot regeneration culture of Arabidopsis and found that, when they were applied during CIM culture, although callus growth was repressed, shoot regeneration in the subsequent SIM culture was significantly increased. The regeneration-stimulating effect of the auxin biosynthesis inhibitor was not linked with the reduction in the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level. Expression of the auxin-responsive reporter indicated that auxin response was more uniform and even stronger in the explants cultured on CIM with the inhibitors than in the control explants. These results suggested that the shoot regeneration competence of calli was enhanced somehow by the perturbation of the endogenous auxin dynamics, which we discuss in terms of the transformability between RAM and SAM stem cell niches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200084/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-1-21.1225a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1202a
Ye Zhang, Masaaki Umeda, Tatsuo Kakimoto
{"title":"Pericycle cell division competence underlies various developmental programs.","authors":"Ye Zhang, Masaaki Umeda, Tatsuo Kakimoto","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1202a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1202a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pericycle cells possess proliferative activity long after leaving the root apical meristem. Depending on the developmental stage and external stimuli, pericycle cell division leads to the production of lateral roots, vascular cambium and periderm, and callus. Therefore, pericycle cell division competence underlies root branching and secondary growth, as well as plant regeneration capacity. In this review, we first briefly present an overview of the molecular pathways of the four developmental programs originated, exclusively or partly, from pericycle cells. Then, we provide a review of up-to-date knowledge in the mechanisms determining pericycle cells' competence to undergo cell division. Furthermore, we discuss directions of future research to further our understanding of the pericycle's characteristics and functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9200087/pdf/plantbiotechnology-39-1-21.1202a.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40594324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}